Marksmanship

CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

Buyagan, Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet
Tel. No.: (074) 422-2221/Email: ccdc@ccdc.edu.ph
LEARNING MODULE IN PE 6
MARKSMANSHIP AND COMBAT SHOOTING
for remote teaching and learning use only
COMPILED BY: REYNALDO D. SAMSON
JULY 2021
INTRODUCTION
Hello Admiral,
This is your Instructor, Mr. Reynaldo D. Samson, for PE 6
Marksmanship and Combat Shooting. I learned about marksmanship
way back since 1990. Then I joined a Gun Club during my stay in
Mountain Province and has been a member up to the present. I also
taught Gun Disarming in MPSPC. Moreover, I was invited in PNPA to
teach Martial Arts. I am also a certified Protection Agent and a
Licensed Range Officer of the Philippine Practical Shooting
Association.
(Please watch the introductory video – PE 6 Video # 1:
Introduction on PE 6) On the video, it showed a skilled policeman. If
you knew his background, he might have been a marksman during
his younger days. Or, he might have been trained well during his
college days. Then his skill was more enhanced during his days in the
police academy training school.
That’s our goal as your instructors. We would like all of you to
learn the fundamentals of marksmanship and combat shooting. Thus,
you will be prepared before entering the training school.
We will be doing lots of drill simulations and shooting scenarios.
We will also include Government Laws about Self-defense and all
information needed to be a skilled marksman.
Added here is your study guide, please use it.
Practice makes perfect…

Drill everyday keeps the virus away…
Here is my messenger link, just

scan and direct message me for
clarifications.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This module would not have been made possible without the
guidance of our Lord Almighty.
I am also grateful to my mentors in marksmanship for all their
valuable inputs and to our Dean, for his guidance.
CONTENTS
TITLE Page
CHAPTER
1 Introduction with Learning Guide
Chapter Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction to Marksmanship and Combat Shooting . . . . . . . . . . 1
Kinds of Firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Parts of A Pistol and Field Stripping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Pistol Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Childproofing Firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
R.A. 7610 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Self-Assessment Questions #01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2 Fundamentals of Marksmanship
Stance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Grip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Breath Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Sight Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Trigger Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 Firearms and Pistols

How to Draw a Firearm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Malfunctions of Firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Gun Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Pistol Drill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4 Kinds of Target
Target Silhouette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Popper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5 Novice Target Practice/ Dry Fire/ Virtual Drills

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6 Self-defense Law
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7 Intermediate Target Practice/ Dry Fire/ Virtual Drills
8 LTOPF
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
9 PTCFOR
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
10 Review on All Firearm Dry Fire / Virtual Drills

Study Guide 95
References 108
Appendices 110
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the chapter, you should be able to:
• eagerly be inspired about gun safety, protocols and awareness;
• identify and label correctly the parts of a hand gun and state the
functions of a typical handgun;
• determine cautiously possible malfunctioning parts of a handgun
in a given situation or condition;
• build neatly a pistol safety box; and
• apply usefully knowledge in field stripping.
Motivation:
Firearms will be a part of your future career in law enforcement. But
knowledge in firearms will help you more in doing your duties.
Knowing more about what firearms is all about will help you in
developing your responsibility as a respectable gun owner.
Lesson One:
Introduction to Marksmanship and Combat Shooting
Marksmanship - It is the art of shooting a firearm with ability to hit

the target at a given range or distance. It is the ability to shoot
accurately. It is the skill in shooting. This ability can be developed
through practice by both dry firing and actual firing on the range.
Practice in marksmanship requires due respect of the laws and all
rules regulating the use and possession of firearms.
Combat Pistol Shooting – is a modern martial art that focuses on
the use of the handgun as a defensive weapon for self- defense, or
for military and police use. Like most martial arts, combat police
shooting is practiced both for defense and for sport.
Marksman - He is a person skilled in shooting at a mark or target.

He is a person who is skilled in precision shooting using projectile
weapons to shoot at high-value targets at longer-than-usual ranges.
In popular and historical usage, "sharpshooter" and "marksman" are
considered synonyms.
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Lesson Two:
Kinds of Firearms
2.1 Rifles
While movie heroes can do pretty much anything one-handed, the

mere mortal definition of “rifle” is a firearm designed to be held with
two hands and shouldered for support. Technically speaking, a rifle
also has a rifled barrel, which imparts spin on the bullet to help it fly
straight and true. Virtually every modern rifle has rifling in the barrel,
so we don’t really make this distinction anymore.
The federal government, through the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
Firearms and Explosives (BATFE), extends the classic definition by
clarifying that a rifle can only fire one projectile at a time with each
press of the trigger. In the United States, rifles also have to have a
barrel length of at least 16 inches.
Examples of modern rifles include hunting models (such as the
Savage Model 110), modern sporting rifles (such as the Smith &
Wesson M&P 15) and competition target rifles (such as the Anschutz).
2.2 Shotguns
Like rifles, shotguns are two-handed firearms designed to be fired

from the shoulder. While there are shotguns that use portions of or
have entire rifled barrels, the technical definition provided by the
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BATFE defines a “shotgun” as having a smooth — not rifled— bore.
Also, a shotgun is designed to fire multiple projectiles at once with a
single press of the trigger. To be clear, it’s not anything like a machine
gun (where projectiles are fired sequentially with a single trigger
movement). A shotgun can, but doesn’t always, contain multiple shot
pellets in each cartridge or shell. To be legal, a true shotgun in the
technical sense cannot have a barrel shorter than 18 inches.
2.3 Handguns
As the name implies, “handguns” are designed to be fired from a
single hand, although modern handgun technique usually
recommends two-handed operation for stability unless there are
specific reasons to use a single hand. There are two major
classifications of handguns: pistols and revolvers.
Pistols
Defining a pistol gets a
bit sticky, so we will
quote BATFE directly:
A pistol is a handgun
that has the chamber
integrated as part of
the barrel. Ammunition
is fed to the chamber
from a separate
magazine. (Photo by
Tom McHale)
“The term ‘pistol’ means a weapon originally designed, made and
intended to fire a projectile (bullet) from one or more barrels when
held in one hand, and having:
a chamber(s) as an integral part(s) of, or permanently aligned with,
the bore(s);and a short stock designed to be gripped by one hand at
an angle to and extending below the line of the bore(s).”
Common examples of pistols include the Glock, Smith & Wesson M&P
and SIG Sauer P320.
Revolvers
A revolver is also a handgun,
but the chamber is not
permanently integrated or in
line with the barrel. Instead,
cartridges are stored in
chambers bored into a
cylinder and rotated into
alignment with the barrel as
needed.
Lesson Three:
Parts of A Pistol and Field Stripping
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A Guide to Field-Stripping the 1911 Pistol
From the year that John Browning's famed M1911 pistol was
adopted by the U.S. military, its fan base has been growing steadily
(as has his). Although there are some naysayers who prefer their
pistols in plastic and without multiple external safeties, there are
many gun owners who espouse the benefits of owning and carrying
1911s. They are, after all, handguns with more than a century of
heavy use and meticulous crafting behind them. If you want a gun
built on a platform that’s already undergone every possible method
of torture testing, you want a 1911.
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If you do own a 1911 – or if you don’t but are curious what
exactly field stripping one entails – this tutorial is for you. Here I’ll go
over the basics of field stripping your 1911 for basic cleaning and
maintenance. We won’t go so far as disassembling the safeties or
trigger because, unless you are quite experienced, those particular
components are best left for your gunsmith.
Tools and Materials:
• Manual and/or 1911 assembly and maintenance guide (just in
case)
• Gun mat or towel
• Non-marring hammer
• Magnetic-tipped gunsmith screwdriver set (try Brownells Magna-
Tip Screwdriver Set)
• Allen key/hex wrench set, if applicable
• 1911 Auto Bushing wrench
• Disassembly pin or paper clip to make your own (for bull barrel
1911s)
• Safety glasses
• Gun CLP or lubricant
• Kit with cleaning rod, jags or loops, patches and brushes
• Rag or paper towels
• Q-Tips (handy for small areas)
Step One
Follow Col. Jeff Cooper’s golden rules of gun safety:
• All guns are always loaded.
• Never allow the muzzle to cover anything you are not willing
to destroy.
• Keep your finger off the trigger until your sights are on target.
• Be sure of your target (and what is beyond it).
With your gun aimed in a safe direction, drop the magazine
and lock the slide back to be sure it is empty. Do not rely on a visual
check alone; take the time to run your finger in and around the barrel,
chamber and magazine well. When you are certain it is empty, check
it again. Then move on to step two.
Step Two
Using a barrel bushing wrench or comparable tool, depress the
recoil spring plug. The plug is located directly below the barrel
bushing. After depressing the plug, rotate the barrel bushing to one
side. Take care with this step because the recoil spring plug holds the
recoil spring back tightly. If you are not careful, the spring will eject
the plug into whatever dark, impenetrable corner exists in the room
you are working in. When the spring is loose, the recoil spring plug
can be removed from the end of the spring and set aside. The spring
itself will still be held in place within the slide.
Step Three
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Turn the gun right-side down. Hook your thumb against the
front of the trigger guard – without touching the trigger – and wrap
the fingers of the same hand over the slide. (Hooking your thumb
inside the front of the trigger guard rather than around the grip safety
allows you better access to the slide for the remainder of this step.)
Takedown levers on either side of their corresponding receivers from a

pair of Kimber 1911s.
Push the slide back and align the rearward, raised portion of
the takedown lever with the disassembly notch in the slide (the first
notch is the slide stop notch and the second, smaller one is the
disassembly notch). Holding the slide in this position, use the fingers
of your other hand to begin pushing the takedown lever pin free from
the receiver. If you need a visual aid, simply continue to hold the
slide back and rotate the gun so you’re looking at its right-hand side.
You will see the circular, raised pin located centrally above the trigger
guard.
Once the takedown lever pin has been pushed partially free of
the receiver, you should be able to remove it entirely from the left-
hand side of the receiver. Set the takedown lever aside and slowly
release the slide.
Re-assembly tip: When replacing the takedown lever, be sure
the barrel link is upright and lined up with the corresponding hole in
the slide. Otherwise, the pin will not fit.
Step Four
Remove the slide from the frame by pushing it forward. Set
the frame aside.
Step Five
Remove the recoil spring and recoil spring guide rod from the
slide. The easiest way to accomplish this is by pulling the recoil spring
free from the front of the slide. Once the spring has been removed,
lift the guide rod up away from the barrel and pull it towards the rear
of the slide. Set them aside.
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Guide rod and spring from bull barrel 1911 on the left and from a
standard barrel with a barrel bushing 1911 on the right.
Re-assembly tip: Replace the guide rod first – taking care to fit
the curved edge against the barrel - then slide the spring back onto
it from the front end of the slide. Then, replace the receiver and
takedown lever before moving on to replacing the recoil spring plug
and the barrel bushing of the gun.
Step Six
Rotate the barrel bushing in the other direction. You may need
to wiggle it slightly but you should be able to easily remove the
bushing from around the barrel. Set the barrel bushing aside.
Step Seven
Push the barrel link down and lift the barrel free from the
locking notches within the slide. Move the barrel forward to remove
it from the slide. Set the barrel aside.
Step Eight
Your 1911 is now ready to be cleaned and lubricated. If you
would also like to clean dirt from beneath the edges of the grip panels,
remove the panels by using a properly-fitting Allen key or screwdriver
bit, whichever is needed.
Re-assembling your pistol is simply a matter of reversing the steps.
Field-Stripping a 1911 Equipped with a Bull Barrel
Before you get started: Your bull barrel 1911 probably came with a
disassembly tool: a slim, bendable piece of wire in the shape of an
“L”. If it did not, you can make your own disassembly tool with a
paper clip. Simply use a pair of needlenose pliers to straighten the
paper clip and bend the bottom quarter-inch into an “L”.
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Bull barrel 1911s typically ship with disassembly tools included. Those
tools are simply thin lengths of wire with a short bend at one end; the tool
can be replicated with a paper clip.
Step One
Follow step one as detailed above (thoroughly check that your
gun is empty).
Step Two
Hook the thumb of your left hand under the beavertail grip
safety and wrap the fingers of the same hand around the slide with
the gun’s muzzle facing away from you. Pull the slide back until the
raised end of takedown lever is lined up with the disassembly notch
(the second, smaller notch in the bottom edge of the slide). Use the
fingers of your other hand to push the takedown lever pin through
the receiver (right-to-left). Once it is slightly pushed away from the
receiver on the left-hand side, then you can pull the takedown lever
free from the receiver and set it aside properly.
Step Three
Remove the slide from the receiver by pushing it forward. Set
receiver aside.
Step Four
Holding the slide in your left hand, use your thumb to compress
the guide rod and recoil spring. Push them forward until the tiny hole
in the front portion of the guide rod is visible. When you see the hole,
insert the disassembly tool/paper clip. Do not push it through too far;
the guide rod must be able to retract back into the slide with the wire
tool in place. Wire sticking out too far on either side will prevent the
guide rod from returning to its original position.
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Guide rod and spring from bull barrel Kimber Amethyst with disassembly
tool – which is a thin length of wire – in place.
With the guide rod and recoil spring released back into place –
with the wire inserted – you can now remove them from the slide.
Lift the guide rod up and back to remove. This step may require some
finesse.
Do not remove the wire tool from the guide rod. Leave the
tool in place for re-assembly.
Step Five
Push the barrel link down and lift the barrel free from the
locking notches within the slide. Move the barrel forward to remove
it from the slide. Set the barrel aside.
Step Six
Your 1911 is now ready to be cleaned and lubricated. If you
would also like to clean dirt from beneath the edges of the grip panels,
remove the panels by using a properly-fitting Allen key or screwdriver
bit.
Re-assembling your pistol is simply a matter of reversing the
steps.
Lesson Four:
Pistol Mechanism
( More of this on the video provided)
All firearm uses the basic principles. First, the trigger is pulled,
then causing a firing pin to strike the primer, the primer fire up the
gunpowder and the flaming powder generates pressure, the pressure
pushes the bullet down the barrel and out the muzzle.
The model used here Colt of .45 " (11.25 mm diameter of the bale)
used by the US Army between 1911 and 1985.
Mount the Gun
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You can see how the movement begins with the ' slide ' - the
large moving part of the upper part of the gun which travels
backward. In reality, to make the first shot, it is the shooter who has
to do this movement by hand, having to release the slide when he
has taken it to its top.
In the backward movement, the slide has mounted the

' hammer ', it has left it 'mounted', held back, ready for it to later
act. When releasing the slide, the spring located under the barrel
pushes it forward. In the course, the slide drag the first cartridge of
the ' charger ' - which is embedded in the grip of the gun and puts
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it in the 'chamber of the barrel' being held by a small piece called
' extractor ' which is located at the right of the slide and that will act
later. Now the gun is ready to make its first shot.
When the shooter presses with his index finger the tail of the
trigger the 'trigger', this movement displaces a small internal piece
the ' sear ' - that held the hammer and allows the action of another
spring, located vertically in the handle, drive the hammer. By the
force of this spring, the hammer hits the striker which is a 'needle'
that is inside the back of the slide and hits the back of the 'cartridge'
causing its operation and that the bullet shoots out.
Cartridge Operation
The shot is a process that begins, as has been said, with the
blow that the ' percussion needle ' hits in the center of the back of
the cartridge. In that place, the cartridge has a small piece inside
which there is an explosive that works when struck the
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' fulminating'. This small explosion occurs inside the cartridge and
causes the combustion of the powder contained in it, instantly
generating a large amount of gases that only find the exit forward,
pushing the bullet through the interior of the barrel on which path it
acquires a turn on its own longitudinal axis caused by the 'rays' of
the core and that gives stability and going off followed by the
incandescent gases, the 'flash'.
The Retrocess
But a part of the force of the shot causes the recoil of the slide
backward. This movement causes that piece called ' extractor ' which
had held the pod as soon as it entered the chamber, take it out and
on its way back, colliding with a small internal projection called
'ejector' which will cause it to come out bounce off the gun through
a window that has the slide.
The recoil that the slide has with this first shot causes the
hammer to mount again and when going forward, put the second
cartridge in the chamber, leaving the gun ready for its second shot.
This whole process is very fast, almost instantaneous, and is the
result of manual action principle, the power of the shot, its
combination with the springs of the gun and settings of many internal
parts that work like a clock for accuracy. What comes next is the
same 'semi-automatic' process. This name is given because, for each
shot of the gun, the 'trigger tail' must be tightened: that is, the gun
makes its shots one by one, not bursts. Shooting bursts would be the
'automatic' shot, like a machine gun.
Lesson Five:
Safety Rules
Watch PE 6 video # 2: Pistol Box

Watch PE 6 Video # 3: Improvised Holster and Magazine
Page 12 of 112
The Four (4) Basic Cardinal Rules of Gun Safety
1. CONSIDER EVERY GUN AS LOADED.
Do not assume that the gun is empty or free of chamber load. Once
an accident happened it cannot be compensated by merely saying
“Sorry, I thought it was not loaded with ammo”. The harm or damage
might have already been inflicted before one can realize his mistake.
Safety is always paramount.
2. NEVER LET THE MUZZLE OF A GUN POINT AT ANYTHING THAT

YOU DO NOT INTEND TO SHOOT.
This is meant not to aggravate circumstances and to spare from
unwanted criminal prosecution.
3. KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER UNLESS YOU ARE

READY TO FIRE.
Some have the habit of placing trigger finger on the trigger when
drawing a firearm from the holster or unloading it with ammo thus
result to accidental firing. Always remember Rule No. 1.
4. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET AND WHAT LIES BEYOND AND
AROUND IT BEFORE YOU SHOOT.
During actual intervention to crime incidence, the situation
sometimes necessitates us to use our service firearm. However, using
a firearm in regular performance of our duty requires us to exercise
due diligence. Because in shooting a culprit you might accidentally
hit innocent person or cause damage to property. (Also make sure
that the suspect is the real culprit.)
How to Handle A Firearm Safely

Firearms are dangerous tools, but they can also be very fun
outdoor recreational activity, or even a family event. Before ever
touching any type of firearm, there are a few cardinal rules which
should be followed at all times. While there are a few “10 rules of
firearm safety” posters and sayings or quips, most gun owners
believe there are more than just 10. Here we have listed 15 rules,
though some of them detail more than one specific thing to follow.
The following rules are generally in order of priority (highest to
lowest), but they are all very important and should be followed at all
times. Safe firearms handling techniques should be done consistently
each and every time: being 99% safe is a recipe for tragedy when it
comes to firearms.
1. Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.

• This rule surpasses all other rules. It is a very simple concept, if
the firearm is pointed in a safe direction, intentional or accidental
discharge will not harm anyone. The safest direction should be
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chosen, so humans, animals, then inanimate objects are all taken
into account.
• This also includes being sure that when you carry the firearm you
are able to fully control the muzzle direction and angle, especially
if you are walking, or otherwise traveling (in case you trip or
stumble, this is also helped by Rule 3).
2. Assume that the firearm is always loaded.

• Even if the firearm is known to be unloaded, it should be treated
with the respect of a loaded gun. For example, even though you've
just triple checked and know it is unloaded, you still don’t point it
at people (follow Rule 1 at all times).
3. Keep your finger off the trigger.

• This prevents any accidental discharges from a trigger pull. With
a pistol, there is usually an area above the trigger where you can
rest your trigger finger (they often call this the "index point"). For
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rifles or other guns, it is best to remove your whole hand from the
area where the trigger is. There are plenty of other safe ways to
carry the gun.
• Along with this, it should be emphasized to not rely on the
firearm's safety. While human error is many times more likely to
cause a problem, the safety can fail, and pulling the trigger may
result in an accidental discharge.
• Certain pistols don't have manual safeties at all. In this case, they
often have safeties integrated into the trigger, back strap (or grip),
or hammer. These types of guns are especially dangerous around
inexperienced users. But training and aggressive execution of
safety techniques can overcome many of the dangers of a safety-
less firearm.
• Once you are on the line to shoot, do not put your finger on the
trigger until you have pointed in on the target. This may be a
difficult habit to break as you may feel it is natural to have your
finger on the trigger once you think you are wanting to shoot.
4. Be sure of your target and everything is downrange.

• This is important. Now that you have reached the point where you
can fire, you want to be absolutely sure of what your target is, and
what is behind it. In many cases the bullet fired can go through
the target and out the other side. Anything downrange is
important to watch. Bullets may strike an intended or unintended
target and bounce, ricochet, or otherwise change direction.
• Be sure, if you are shooting with others around, that you do not
stand behind anyone when you fire. Not only is this unsafe, but it
is discourteous. Anyone shooting should be side by side. This
prevents accidental shootings, it also prevents someone from
being startled by the muzzle blast from the firearm. Even small
guns like a .22 LR pistol can put out a blast to make a grown man
jump. And anything in front or to the sides of the muzzle can feel
it. Larger caliber firearms can actually cause headaches or damage
just from the muzzle blast.
5. Always hand a firearm to someone unloaded.
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• If you hand a firearm to someone it should be unloaded. Check
the magazine and the chamber. When the firearm is not going to
be used immediately, it should be unloaded in the same manner.
If you receive a firearm from someone, you should check the
magazine and chamber to make sure the gun is not loaded, until
you intend to fire.
• A good way to let yourself, and anyone around you, know the gun
is unloaded is by locking the bolt, slide, or cylinder in the open
position. This makes it so that, even if the trigger is pulled, no
bullet will fire.
• Check the manual for the firearm. It will generally mention the
safest way to carry or unload the firearm.
• When not using the firearm or while transporting it, you should
always unload the firearm. In many locales, there are laws against
carrying a loaded firearm in a vehicle without the proper permits,
even if just transporting it to and from a firing range or repair
shop.
6. Use the proper ammunition.

• Using improper ammunition for your firearm can not only damage
or destroy your firearm, but can also cause serious injury or even
death. The firearm is specifically designed for one specific caliber
or gauge and possibly even a specific load of ammunition. Overly-
reloaded or improperly hand-loaded cartridges or shells can be a
danger and detriment to the firearm, the shooter, and others
around the firearm. An improper detonation in a firearm which
disables the firearm is known by many as a "kaBoom" or "kB!" for
short.
• For example: though a .40 S&W caliber cartridge may load into a
.45 ACP magazine, placing the smaller round into the gun makes
the unsupported casing blow out of the gun, or blow apart
throwing shrapnel from the gun. Some pistols are known to have
kB!s from reloaded or hand loaded ammunition. A couple of
common guns are the M1911 and Glocks in .40 S&W (both are
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known to do it with "hot", over loaded ammunition). These failures
are due to the internal design of the weapons and cannot be
compensated for.
• Manufactured ammunition is usually best. They have tested the
loads and pressures many times with expensive machines. They
invariably put out the most consistent loadings. In general, the
more expensive ammunition is more consistent, but that is not
always the case. Match-grade ammunition is specifically measured
and engineered to be as consistent as possible. It is also usually
the most expensive ammunition.
• Powder loads are also important to pay attention to. Both 9x19mm
(9mm Luger Parabellum) and .45 ACP (and other cartridges) have
rounds known as "TAP" or other nicknames by companies, these
are known as "hot" rounds. They have extra powder which results
in higher chamber pressures. The next step up is "+P", and
9x19mm cartridges can also come in "+P+". Each step up causes
greater chamber pressures which also results in higher muzzle
velocities for the rounds. But many pistols are unable to shoot
"+P" reliably, without damaging parts. Dual-stage recoil springs
are a good indicator that a pistol is able to shoot the "hot" loads
without a problem, but asking the manufacturer and checking the
manual is the best way to ensure you are not damaging your
weapon or putting yourself at risk.
• For rifles such as the .223 Remington, there are additional
considerations as well. The 5.56x45mm NATO rounds are the
exact same dimensions as the .223 Remington rounds. However,
the general rule of thumb is this: if the weapon is advertised as a
.223, do not fire 5.56x45mm ammunition through it. There are
different types or receiver/chamber specifications. Most .223 rifles
have the SAAMI-spec chamber which is not the same as the Mil-
Spec chamber, as would be on an M16 or other military-type rifles.
The SAAMI is designed to be highly accurate, but not as durable
as the Mil-Spec, which gives up tolerances for pressure resistance
and reliability. Mil-Spec chambers are able to shoot .223 rounds
fine (though less accurately), but NOT vice versa.
• The .308 Winchester and the 7.62x51mm NATO rounds are the
same. So no precautions are needed in this case.
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7. Wear ear and eye protection.
• For many small caliber rifles ear protection is not completely
necessary, but it is highly recommended. While the sound from
small caliber fire may not cause pain, it still has a potential to
damage your hearing. When shooting anything larger than a .22
LR, it is strongly suggested that you use ear protection, especially
during extended use. Ringing in your ears after a shot is fired is a
sign that your ears are exceeding their percussive limitations and
possibly causing permanent damage.
• Eye protection is a must. Even though you may be confident that
there are no problems with your firearm, small problems can arise
from your firearm heating up from firing, or from ammunition
defects. There is also the problem of flying brass (spent cartridges)
hitting you in the eye. Another problem usually presents itself with
larger calibers or pistols with very short (less than three inch)
barrels; there may be unburned powder flying through the air, or
even bouncing off the back of the bullet just fired, which can then
be0 redirected toward you.
8. If your gun doesn’t fire when the trigger is pulled, be

cautious.
• When the trigger is pulled, and there is no "boom," think to make
sure you had a round in the chamber. If you are absolutely sure
you did not have one in the chamber, fix the problem. If you think
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there was a cartridge in the chamber, hold the gun, pointed toward
the target. You can try firing the gun again (if it is a double-action
gun), try this once, maybe twice, and if nothing happens still, keep
the gun pointed at the target for about 20 seconds. If the round
still does not fire, carefully remove the magazine (if possible) and
eject the round out of the chamber. Place the dud cartridge in a
safe area (away from humans, valuables or other ammunition).
• The problem is usually due to a dud primer, and is much more
common in hand-loaded ammunition than manufactured
ammunition (see rule 6).
9. Be sure the firearm's barrel, chamber, and action are

clear of obstruction before firing.
• Anything caught in the barrel can cause major damage to your
barrel and/or firearm; it can even cause a kB! Obstructions in
the chamber can cause the round not to load properly, or not
load at all. It can also cause extraction and ejection problems
which drastically reduce the reliability of the gun. An action
impediment can prevent the hammer of the firearm from hitting
the round (or firing pin) or prevent it from drawing again to fire
another round.
10. Maintain your firearm properly.

• Maintenance is a big concern when owning a firearm. The older
the firearm the more important it can become. In general, the
firearm should be cleaned after each use. Some firearm
manufacturers recommend the wearing of eye protection prior to
field stripping the weapon. This may help prevent any eye injuries
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resulting from inadvertently "launching" springs or other
components when field stripping the weapon.
• Pistols should be, at minimum, "field stripped" (if possible),

cleaned with a cloth and/or brush and solvent. The barrel should
be brushed out with a barrel brush. There will likely be a lot of
carbon and powder build up in the chamber, so a pick and more
solvent can be used there. Once that is done, wipe again with a
clean cloth (to remove all solvent). Each moving part should be
lubricated with gun oil (except the firing pin of semi-auto pistols
which can become gummed up with grime and carbon collected by
the oil). The exterior of the barrel and the slide rail guides
especially (on the slide and the frame) should also be lubricated.
Using too much oil, though, may encourage powder and carbon
buildup in those areas. Once done, wipe the externals down with
a clean cloth to remove any excess oil and pull the slide back a
few times to work some of the oil around.
• Field stripping rifles and shotguns for cleaning are usually a bit
more difficult or complex. Alternatively, a brush with solvent can
be used to clean the action and chamber without much, or any,
dismantling. Wipe as much down with a clean cloth as possible.
Use barrel solvent to clean the barrel best, or a bore snake can
work very well too. Oil the trigger assembly (according to the
manual), and oil, with gun oil, the bolt and action. Pull the bolt
back and forth a few times to work the oil in. Wipe any excess oil
off with a clean cloth.
• If the firearm is not to be fired for a significant amount of time, it

is best to do a very thorough cleaning before storage. There are
products on the market designed to protect your firearm for many
years (decades if needed), but these are not recommended for
storage over only a few years (or less). It is best to properly clean,
then oil your firearm (maybe over-oil the firearm). Every 6-8
months, the firearm should be taken out and oiled again (maybe
cleaned too if there is dust build up). With plenty of oil and a good
initial cleaning, the firearm should stay in perfect condition.
Storage in a dry area would help too, but the oil should displace
and protect against moisture on your firearm. After not using the
firearm for an extended period of time, it is best to clean and re-
oil it before use.
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11. Proper modification of the firearm.
• While many recommend not modifying your firearm (this has the
greatest chance of keeping your warranty and your firearm
reliable), it can be done in a proper way. It is generally best to let
the factory do all your modifications, but this is not always
possible. A certified gunsmith with your firearm's1 manufacturer's
certification would be the next best choice. If you do not have
many gunsmiths in your area or none of them are certified by the
manufacturer of your firearm, it is probably best not to have your
firearm modified. Never do any modification yourself. Changes to
your firearm which are done improperly could permanently
damage the firearm, and can cause problems such as a kB! when
fired.
12. Learn the safety and firing characteristics of the

firearm.
• Learning how to use a firearm safely is paramount. Learn how to
unload the magazine (if available), unload and check the chamber,
engage the safety (if available), clear jams, examine the barrel,
and field strip (if available) the firearm.
• Firing characteristics are also a key component of knowing the
firearm you are using. If you are unaware about certain aspects
of the gun such as the amount of kick from a firearm, ask someone
who is knowledgeable with that specific firearm. Be sure you are
able to consistently operate the firearm safely.
13. Never shoot hard or flat surfaces (including

water).
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• While some objects may seem tantalizing to shoot, many metallic
or other hard and/or flat objects can be very dangerous to shoot.
These objects, including water, can cause the bullet to bounce or
ricochet in unexpected and dangerous directions. They are even
able to bounce back toward or near the shooter.
• Smaller, low velocity bullets (such as the .22 LR) are very well
known for their ability to ricochet. Due to their light weight and
low velocity, things like wood, rocks, or even dirt can cause the
bullet to ricochet. Refer to Rule 4.
• One piece of good news about ricochets is the fact that (in general)
bullets do not bounce (as a ball would), because of the extreme
velocities (of even low velocity bullets) and because the soft lead
bullets tend to follow relatively parallel paths to the plane of the
object that has been hit. Thus, where the shooter is standing, is
usually the safest place to be when a ricochet occurs. There are
exceptions to this, such as solid core bullets (no lead core) which
change the dynamics of the bullet, rubber can cause a bullet to
bounce straight back, and hard objects which are angled can cause
the bullet to wrap around back toward the shooter.
14. Never allow your loaded firearm out of your

control.
• If you have a loaded firearm, never leave it unattended. This is
while at the range and your home. If you can't be certain of its
status or who may have access to it, it is best to unload the
firearm, lock the firearm with a slide lock (for a pistol) or lock the
firearm in a hard case or a safe. For optimal safety, keep the
ammunition in a separate area, locked up as well.
• Be sure to follow all state and local laws regarding firearm storage.
Some states do not require firearms to be locked away, but keep
in mind that there are children or others who may obtain access
to your firearms or ammunition.
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15. Never mix alcohol or drugs with firearms.
• Even the slightest bit of alcohol or drugs (even prescription
drugs) can impair or alter your judgment of even common or
simple things. This combination can be a lethal dose to yourself
or others around you when involving firearms. Never, under
any circumstances, use a firearm while not completely sober.
Lesson Six:
Childproofing Firearms
Watch PE 6 Video # 4: Gun Safety and Child Proofing
▪ As a responsible gun holder, we must recognize the need and

be aware of the methods of childproofing our gun, whether or
not we have children. Whenever children are around,
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additional safety steps should be taken when storing firearms
and ammunition in home or place of work.
▪ Republic Act No. 7610 (Approved June 17, 1992) otherwise
known as "Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act” provides for the
protection of children under circumstances which endanger
their life, safety or normal development or other conditions
prejudicial to their development.
STEPS IN CHILDPROOFING A FIREARM

▪ Always store your firearm unloaded.
▪ Use a firearm’s safety device and store the firearm in a locked
container
▪ Store the ammunition separately in a locked container.
▪ Control your children. Strictly enforce the “No Touch” policy.
IMPORTANT REMINDER IN GUNPROOFING YOUR CHILD:

a. Do not store your firearm where it is visible.
b. Gunproof your child by proper training and closely supervise
access to firearm to reduce your child’s natural unsatisfied
curiosity about firearm.
c. If a child finds a gun, he/she should be taught to:
1. STOP and DO NOT TOUCH THE GUN.
2. IMMEDIATELY LEAVE THE AREA.
3. TELL A RESPONSIBLE ADULT WHAT HE FOUND.
Note: An adult who finds a gun should be cautious even if he is
familiar with gun safety because the gun might be an evidence in a
crime and is essential in the identification of suspect and the
eventual solution of the case. Firearm that had been used in the
commission of a crime contains latent prints and sometimes blood
specimen. In this case, the police should be notified.
OTHER IMPORTANT REMINDERS ON GUN SAFETY
▪ Never pass a firearm to another person or accept a firearm
from another person until the cylinder or action bolt is open
and you have personally checked that the firearm is
completely unloaded.
▪ Before handling any firearm, understand its operation.
▪ Never rely on mechanical device for safety.
▪ Think before shooting. Once you pull the trigger you cannot
take back the shot you have just fired.
▪ Never joke around or engage in horseplay (fool around) while
handling or using firearms.
▪ Be alert at all times. Never shoot if you are tired, sick or
impaired in any way.
▪ Don’t mix alcohol or drugs with shooting.
▪ Don’t sleep with a loaded firearm in your side.
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▪ Safeguard your sight, hearing and health. Always wear eye
and ear protection when shooting in a firing range. Limit your
exposure to metal particles and gases produced during firing a
gun. And minimize your contact with aromatic organic
solvents (such as those commonly used gun cleaning
products).
▪ Never shoot a gun in celebration of the New Year’s eve,
birthday and fiestas. This is not only illegal but it is also
unsafe. A bullet fired into the air will return to the ground with
the same trajectory speed with that which was fired directly
towards a target which could cause injury or death.
▪ Never handle a gun without asking the owner’s permission.
Lesson Seven:
R.A. 7610
Republic Act No. 7610 (Approved June 17, 1992) otherwise
known as "Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act” provides for the protection of
children under circumstances which endanger their life, safety or
normal development or other conditions prejudicial to their
development.
Self Assessment Quiz 1

1. Define in your own words what is marksmanship and combat
pistol shooting.
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2. Differentiate the kinds of firearms according to what you think
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3. Identify the parts of a pistol according to field stripping.
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4. Write the four basic gun safety rules and explain each on your
own understanding.
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5. Write the 15 rules in handling firearms safely and explain the

importance of each.
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6. How is R.A. 7610 related to gun safety?

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References
1911 Safety and Instructions Manual. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.kimberamerica.com/media/wysiwyg/manual-
download/1911-Full-Size-Manual_11-2015.pdf.
Ainsworth, K. A Guide To Field-Stripping the 1911 Pistol. Retrieved

on June 21 from
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https://www.shootingillustrated.com/articles/2017/10/27/a-
guide-to-field-stripping-the-1911-pistol/.
Browning, C. Complete Beginner’s Guide to 1911 Disassembly and

Cleaning. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://gunnewsdaily.com/1911-disassembly-cleaning-guide/.
Firearms Safety. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/4h/Nature_Trails/NT1_Ch3.pdf.
How to Handle Firearms Safely. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.wikihow.com/Handle-a-Firearm-
Safely#/Image:Handle-a-Firearm-Safely-Step-1.jpg.
Lewis, RS. How Does A Gun Works. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-gun-work.
Marksman defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marksman#:~:text=A%20marksm
an%20is%20a%20person,longer%2Dthan%2Dusual%20ranges.
Marksman defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marksman
Marksmanship defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/marksmans
hip.
McHale, T. What Are The Types of Guns?. Retrieved on June 21

from https://www.usconcealedcarry.com/blog/what-are-the-
types-of-guns/.
Republic Act 7610. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://pcw.gov.ph/law/republic-act-7610.
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP

• conclude rightfully proper fundamentals of marksmanship;
• commit repeatedly to memory all elements needed in
marksmanship; and
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• demonstrate exactly basic principles of marksmanship - Stance -
Grip - Sight alignment - Trigger control - Breathing control.
Motivation:
Being a beginner in a new skill is hard. We often feel overwhelmed at
how much we still have to learn. Especially if we haven’t properly
broken down our skill into subskills, it can seem we’re attempting to
summit Everest without any gear. Just like in marksmanship. You
cannot just hold a gun without any knowledge about handling guns.
Knowing the fundamentals of marksmanship will teach you the basic
foundation on how to handle guns wisely and responsibly. In this
chapter, you will learn the right positioning of your hands and body
when handling guns, how to breath calmly and how to control your
fingers properly when handling guns.
Watch PE 6 video # 5: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

Explained
Lesson One:
Stance
STANCE (Position). A good stance maximizes control while shooting.
It provides balance and stability which are maximized when
there is the least strain on muscle.
• The legs should be straight but not tense with the knees just
slightly flexed and relaxed. The hip should be in a natural position.
• Hand and shoulder should be relaxed and no unnatural tilt of the
head.
• Arms to be extended with wrist and elbow lock but free of strain.
Body weight should be on toes and distributed forward.
2 TYPES OF STANCE
a. Isosceles Stance. The shooter faces the target squarely, the feet
are set shoulder width (or slightly wider) apart. The toes face the
target and are aligned. The knees are flexed at an angle that varies
somewhat and the shooter leans forward from the waist towards
the target. The shooter’s arms are extended and form an isosceles
triangle, hence the name.
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b. Weaver Stance has become very popular and replaced the
Isosceles as the standard taught to most new shooters. The
shooter blades his body, placing the foot on the firing side back
and turning the support side towards the target. The shooter’s
strong, or firing side, arm is extended and the support arm’s elbow
is bent. This allows the shooter to employ a very stable “push-
pull” grip. The shooter pushes with his firing arm and pulls with
the support arm to stabilize the weapon.
Lesson Two:
Grip
• A proper grip provides the shooter with maximum control of the

firearm. The proper grip is done by spreading the index finger and
the thumb of the shooting hand a part to form a “V” shape with
the thumb held slightly lower than the index finger. The web or
“V” shape of the shooting hand is pushed directly at the highest
point of the firearm back stop.
• To maintain natural sight alignment, the firearm must be held
firmly.
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The lower three fingers are wrapped around the firearm, it should
not be too tight to maintain a relaxed trigger finger.
Two hand shooting allows better control of the firearm. The none
shooting hand is wrapped around with palm touching the grip.
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Two hand shooting allows better control of the firearm. The none
shooting hand is wrapped around with palm touching the grip.
Pressure exerted by the none shooting hand might be equal or
slightlygreater than the shooting hand.
The thumb and the trigger finger should exert very little pressure.
As the tightening of the muscle controlling the thumb will cause
tightening of the muscles controlling the trigger finger. The trigger
finger is never placed inside the trigger guard or in the trigger
unless the shooter is ready to fire.
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Remember that slide started to recoil even before the bullet
propelled out of the barrel. Any movement and/or alteration of grip
pressure during and after breaking the shot will affect the accuracy
of bullet hit to the target.
Lesson Three:
Breath Control
Breathing properly while shooting is essential. Inhale, exhale and

fire; inhale, exhale and fire. In this manner, the breathing muscle is
relaxed.
• The correct method of breathing is an essential part of the

shooter’s system of control. Most pistol shooters know less
about the proper method of breath control than of any of the
other fundamentals.
• The object of proper breath control is to enable the pistol
shooter to hold his/her breath with a comfortable felling long
enough to fire one shot; or five shots in ten seconds rapid fire
without loss of the ability to hold still or concentrate on sight
alignment.
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• When breathing calmly a person produces an average of 12 to
13 respiratory cycles a minute. Consequently, one respiratory
cycle lasts 4 to 5 seconds.
• Experienced shooters usually take a deep breath before firing

and then, exhaling slowly, hold their breath gradually, relax and
concentrate their entire attention upon sight alignment and the
smooth application of pressure on the trigger.
• A person can prolong by several seconds his respiratory pause,
that is, hold his breath comfortably for 15 to 20 seconds,
without any special labor and without experiencing unpleasant
sensations. This time is more than adequate to produce a shot
or shots.
Lesson Four:
Sight Alignment
• It is the relationship in the rear sight and the front sight as seen
by the shooter.
• The front sight is centered in the rear sight notch and the top
of the plane is leveled with top of the rear sight.
• Sight picture is the relationship of the rear sight and the front
sight to the target as seen by the shooter.
• The most common aiming point is the six o’clock hold or the
center hold.
Proper Sight Alignment
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Proper Sight Picture
Focusing on the Front Sight
Correct Focusing
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Lesson Five:
Trigger Control
It is of very great importance in producing an accurate shot. When

the shooter exerts pressure on the trigger, he must do so in a
manner that does not alter the sight alignment or position of the
pistol. Consequently, the shooter must be able to exert smooth,
even pressure to the trigger. Furthermore, the trigger must be
pressed in conjunction with maximum concentration peak, visual
perception of sight alignment and minimum arc of movement.
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• Trigger control is the fine pressure on the trigger, so that the
shot can be fired with the least disturbance to sight
alignment.
• The part of the trigger finger which falls naturally in the
trigger will vary in every shooters.
• The important factors are the uniformity of trigger placement
and the ability to apply pressure straight to the rear.
• The trigger finger must be in an arc position to avoid contact
with side of the firearm.
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Ideal trigger finger placement may be modified to a degree
by the requirement that the grip provides a natural
alignment of the front and rear sights. The shooter
frequently must make a compromise to overcome the
undesirable effects of not being able to utilize each factor to
full advantage.
FACTORS OF TRIGGER CONTROL

The pressure put on the trigger must come from independent
movement of the trigger finger only. The gripping fingers and the
thumb do not move or tighten. Keep the gap pressure constant.
Align the sight, settle into your normal aiming area and exert
positive, uninterrupted, increasing pressure, straight to the rear,
until the hammer falls.
• There are two mistakes commonly made while squeezing the
trigger.
1. Jerking is attempting to make the pistol fire in a certain
movement by rapidly applying pressure on the trigger.
2. Flinching is muscular tension in anticipation of recoil shown by

head movement, closing the eyes, shoulder movement or a
combination.
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• Marksmanship is just any other ability. It can be learned, it
can be improved. Every shooter must become thoroughly
familiar with the basic elements of marksmanship.
• The shooter must integrate these elements until they become
single comfortable and almost instinctive process.
• Familiarization is gained from practice and it never ends.
• Practice means dry firing at home, ensuring that the gun is
unloaded and aimed in a good backstop.
• The other half of practice is actual firing on the range, there is
no substitute for practice, more practice and still more
practice in developing good marksmanship.

1. Write and explain the 2 kinds of stances in your own words.
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2. How is the grip supposed to be performed in gun shooting?
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3. Why do you need to control your breath while shooting?
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References
Basic Pistol Marksmanship Training. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.slideshare.net/bubut97/fundamentals-of-pistol-
marksmanship.
Four Fundamentals of Marksmanship. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.armystudyguide.com/content/army_board_study_
guide_topics/m16a2/four-fundamentals-of-mark.shtml.
The Four Fundamentals of Marksmanship. Retrieved on June 21

from https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-four-
fundamentals-of-marksmanship.html.
CHAPTER 3 FIREARMS AND PISTOLS

• perform rightfully proper firearm execution;
• modify exactly a holster and magazine;
• handle properly malfunctioned firearm;
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• repeatedly commit to memory all elements needed in
marksmanship;
• execute instinctively the firearm drills; and
• demonstrate properly quick-draw pistol.
Motivation:
After learning the fundamentals of marksmanship, you should be
ready on applying it properly. But you should take it step by step.
When you wanted to learn how to play the mobile games, you did not
just download the app and play. You started to learn how to use the
weapons and gems, right? Just like in riding a bike, you cannot just
get a bike and drive it. You need to learn how to balance it out first.
Then learn how to pedal. In marksmanship, you already learned the
basics. Now, apply it properly. Remember, practice makes perfect.
Perfecting these maneuvers while still young will help you in your
future careers.
Food for thought:

“I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear
the man who has practiced one kick 10,000 times.”
-Bruce Lee
Lesson One:
How to Draw a Firearm
Watch PE 6 video # 6: Demonstration on How to Draw A

Firearm
Most gun fights are very unexpected, and thus the quick-
draw is a skill which should be perfected. Here is the correct tactical
technique to present (draw) your pistol. There are five steps and each
have a very deliberate purpose. When practicing your presentation
start by completing each step slowly and deliberately. Once you can
do each step separately and perfectly then, and only then, try to
make the steps three through five more fluid. Once you are able to
do 3 - 5 smoothly and perfectly you will find you are able to do it
much more quickly.
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1. Both hands should perform their maneuvers
simultaneously. Pull your support hand to your body
(touching your upper chest is a great place). Your firing hand
moves up above your pistol grip and back down on it to get a
good firing grip on the gun (while in the holster). A good firing
grip consist of the hand being high on the grip. The web of
your hand between your thumb and index finger should be as
high as possible into the tang of the pistol. Your index
(pointing) finger should be straight and resting on the side of
the holster (see photo). Never put your finger on the trigger
before drawing, as this is how negligent discharges happen.
Release any active-retention system you may have.
• This is one of the most important steps to complete the
presentation quickly. You should practice bursting (all of a
sudden) into this position.
• If you get a poor grip the gun now, it will be hard to adjust as
you draw the weapon, and will cause your shots to be
inaccurate.
• This position is easy to practice many times (and should be
practiced the most) as it is a short and quick motion. Be sure
to emphasize a perfect firing grip on the gun (all fingers
around the grip —stock— and trigger finger on the index
point).
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2. Your wrist should be as straight as possible. It should
not be canted either left, right, forward or backwards. Pull the
pistol straight up remembering to keep your wrist in the
straight position. If more elevation of the pistol is needed to
clear the holster, rotating your arm at the shoulder in an
upwards and backwards motion should clear the pistol of the
holster. (for passive-retention holsters, a straight, firm jerk is
required)
• The pistol should be clear of any obstructions (to the front)
created by the holster, but depending on the holster it may
still be very near the holster (for example, the holster in the
image has an open front so lifting above the holster is not
required, just lift it to the opening).
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3. Remembering to keep your wrist straight or in line with
your forearm, rotate your arm at the shoulder down
and forward. This gets the pistol pointed down range at your
target. If your pistol has an external safety, you should
disengage it simultaneously as you are rotating you arm
forward.
• From this position you are able to shoot a very close target (if
necessary). Do not consider shooting from this position if the
target is further than five feet (an arm-and-a-half away). For
these reasons, this position is called "close-contact firing
position" or "firing from retention".
• This is not a position that most gun ranges would likely enjoy
you shooting from, so you may have to just dry-practice this
position, or at a less-official range (see Tips).
• The key when practicing moving from position two to position
three is to keep your wrist straight/in line with your forearm
and rotating at the shoulder.
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4. Remembering to keep the gun pointed towards the
threat, move your gun toward your support hand at the
upper chest and stop the gun underneath your
dominant/shooting eye. While you are moving the gun,
your support hand should be preparing to receive the gun. It
should also move and meet the gun underneath the dominant
eye. The support hand should wrap around the front of the
grip and the side, enclosing the entire grip.
• You want to keep the muzzle level (parallel to the ground —
for dry-practice — or pointed at your target) this way as you
look at your target and your gun comes into view you can
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start to line up your sights in the split seconds as the gun
moves.
• Having a friend watch your during your transition from
position three to position five is very handy. The friend can
tell you if you are "bowling" (dipping your muzzle low) or
arching (throwing your muzzle high). Either one of those is
less efficient and does not allow you to light up your sights on
the fly.
5. Complete the motion, keep your shoulders squared to

the threat (face the threat), extend both arm straight
out. Bending of one of the arms is not recommended. Putting
pressure on the gun and bending one arm causes a natural
tendency for your body to twist causing your shots to be off.
It can be overcome over time but is not recommended.
• At the range a very straight firing arm is a good way to keep
your sights at tight as possible, but in a tactical situation it
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usually is not best to keep fully extended because you
increase your visual size.
Practice just extending it about two-thirds of the way, or even

half. It will take some getting used to as the gun is much closer to
your face than you are used to, but the smaller profile is much
better for close quarters tactics.
• Just before the gun is to its final position you should quickly
focus directly, and only, on your front sight. Sight alignment
should come shortly after (for more information on sight
alignment, sight picture, and flash sighting please read
the Tactically Prepare Yourself With a Pistol article.
•
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6. Create "isometric pressure" once in the firing
position. This is a stabilizing pressure that helps immensely
for follow up shots, primarily, but helps retention and other
things as well. Isometric pressure is made by pulling back
with your support hand while pushing forward with your firing
hand.
• This is a strenuous position, but highly beneficial. Practicing
this every time you are at the range will help your shooting,
and will give yourself procedural memory that will be used in
any extreme situation. This pressure which is being created
should be somewhat tiring the first few times you try it.
Especially when your firing arm is not fully extended.
• The firing hand grip can be loosened (for increased accuracy)
while more pressure is built-up by the support arm.
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7. Performing a tactical reload before you re-holster (only
after the fight seems to be done) is an excellent tactical
choice and habit to get into.
• Not only are you sure you have encountered a lull in the fight
(as nothing is immediately a threat), but if something were to
happen while you are re-holstering, or after you have
holstered, you have a full magazine (+1 in the chamber) to
retaliate against an aftershock which may occur.
8. Re-holster in the exact opposite order of above. Pull

back to close contact position 3, place your hand on your
stomach.
• At this point it may behoove you to pause. In a combat
situation, the fight which you think is done may spring up
again. Take one last quick look around.
• Then safety on, rotate your wrist and raise your elbow, push
gun straight down into holster and secure. Unless you are a
law enforcement officer, there should be no rush to re-holster
your weapon, so these last two steps you can take slowly and
make sure your pistol slides in your holster smoothly.
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• Be sure to maintain a full firing-grip on your pistol until you
have completely secured the pistol in the holster (again, this
allows for a quick response to any surprises which may arise).
9. Practice (perfectly, start slow!) drawing about 500 to

1000 times (no joke — that is about how long it takes for the
process to become procedural muscle memory) and soon you
will find you can draw extremely fast.
• Dry-practice (with an unloaded gun — see Warnings below) is
the best way to get the motions ingrained into your muscle
memory without any additional cost. Practicing for about 20
minutes everyday for a week will surprise you how fast you
can become.
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10. Try drawing and shooting a target at the range
once you have the presentation perfected. Remember
steps three through five should be smooth and level, try
focusing on your front sight sooner until you are able to
be flash sighted before your gun is in its final position. This is
how you become a quick shot from the holster.
Tips
• The more you practice the better you will get.
• A range is not always the best place to shoot. At a range, you
are limited to a small confined space, you and your target are
never moving. Private property with lots of acreage is likely a
better location (be sure to check local and state laws and
obtain permission from land owner).
• Finding an outdoor range is safer than private property.
Ranges even those outside are required to build the area up
to make sure almost all stray bullets are contained. Though
nothing is perfect, using an outdoor range will give you
freedom of movement while making your practice safer. It's
also less likely to have you find out someone innocent was
shot from a stray bullet on the evening news.
• Be sure to grip the gun in a folded thumbs position, meaning
the thumb of the shooting hand is lying on top of the thumb
of the support hand. Avoid tea-cupping, or holding the bottom
of the grip with your support hand.
Warnings
• All practicing should be done at the shooting range obeying all
safety rules, or in a legal and private location with an
unloaded gun (or you can replace the rounds with snap-caps).
• Any firearm should only be shot in a safe and legal location.
Be aware of state and local laws on use and transportation of
a firearm and follow them carefully. Laws change drastically
between states and can change between counties or even
cities.
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• Never put your finger on the trigger before drawing, as this is
how negligent discharges happen.
• Safety first! Firearms are very dangerous. Only use a pistol or
other firearm if you are an experienced shooter or have a very
experienced shooter directly supervising you.
How to Reload A Handgun

1. Treat every firearm as if it is always loaded. Keep your
finger off the trigger unless you are ready to shoot. Do not point
a gun at anything you are not willing to shoot or destroy. Keep
the firearm pointed toward the target or a safe backstop at all
times.
2. If a semi-automatic pistol has been shot empty, the slide

will usually lock back after the last shot. You will be able
to see the empty chamber through the ejection port. If the slide
is not locked back a round may still be in the chamber.
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3. With the thumb
of the firing
hand, press the
magazine
release, which is
usually a button
or small lever
on the grip just
behind the
trigger on the
left hand side of
the gun.
4. The magazine
may drop out
of the grip, or
may require
you to pull it
free, depending
on the model of
the firearm.
5. Grab a loaded
magazine by the
narrow front
edge. (The side the
bullets face.) Place
your index finger at
the top of the front
edge. This will help
you guide the
magazine.
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6. Insert the magazine into the gun by first placing the back
of the magazine against the back of the magazine
well. (The hole at the bottom of the grip.) Then push it in firmly
upward until you hear a click.
7. Pull downward on the magazine to ensure that it is fully

seated. Failure to seat the magazine is a primary cause of
malfunctions in semi-auto pistols.
8. Place your non-firing hand over the top of the slide,

grasp, pull back sharply until it stops, and release. The
slide will snap forward, cambering a round from the loaded
magazine. Do not hold on to the slide as it moves forward, or
attempt to ease it down.
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9. The firearm is now loaded and ready to fire.
Watch PE 6 video # 7: Malfunctions of Firearms
Lesson Two:
Malfunctions of Firearms
Malfunctions (also, erroneously, known as "jams") are a way of

life in semi-automatic handguns. Though most modern guns are
relatively reliable, it is always a good idea to be prepared, because
malfunctions seem to happen at the most inopportune times. This
article also covers reloading, which is not a malfunction, but is yet
another reason why your gun may not fire when you want it to.
There are two types of reload situations. One, you've fired all your
rounds, and the magazine is empty with the slide or bolt locked
back. This is called an Emergency or Normal Reload. The second, is
a "tactical reload", where rounds have been fired, but the weapon
still has only about a round or two in it. You can use this
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opportunity to drop your nearly empty or empty magazine and load
a new one.
Emergency Reload
1. Identify the need. An emergency reload is needed when
you have spent all the rounds from your magazine and
your slide is locked back.
2. Grab a fresh magazine (likely from a magazine

pouch). This happens after the slide has locked back on
an empty magazine.
3. Move the fresh magazine toward the gun, as you do this...
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4. Eject the empty magaine. Be sure not to lose your old
magazine, and bring your new magazine into place below
the magazine well. (they should essentially pass each other
during the drill).
5. Insert the magazine. Place the rear of the magazine

against the rear of the magazine well of the gun, align the
two, and with some force (though there should be little
resistance)...
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6. Seat the magazine using the heel of your palm. Give
it a light tap, you should feel it click into place.
7. Roll your hand over the top of the slide and pull it
back toward your chest. Be sure not to put your fingers
in the slide opening, or anywhere else they might get
caught.
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8. Release the slide, so it can go forward with full
force. This will seat the next round in the chamber,
preparing it for discharge.
Tactical Reload
1. Determine if it is safe to perform a tactical reload. Only
execute this if you encounter a lull in the gunfight and are
able to place yourself behind cover. You know you have spent
some rounds from the current magazine and want to prepare
for whatever may come next.
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2. Reach to your magazine pouch (or other magazine holder and
a pocket maybe; make sure you have a full magazine).
3. Move back to the gun and eject the partially depleted

magazine into your hand.
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4. Put the magazine
in your pocket
(separate from
fresh magazines).
5. Grab the fresh

magazine you
touched earlier
and insert it
into the gun in
the same
fashion as
the emergency
reload, but this
reload doesn't
require
manipulation
of the slide.
6. Practice at the range. You should be able to feel and react

immediately when the gun does not fire. When you pull the
trigger, if you feel a "click", execute a malfunction type-1
clearing. If there is no click, look at the malfunction and act
accordingly (remember it may be an empty magazine too).
After shooting for some time you should be able to feel when
the magazine is depleted, allowing you to execute emergency
reloads very quickly. Over time you will begin to notice that
the weapon will feel and sound different after firing the last
round.
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Misfeed Malfunction
1. Identify the malfunction. Often a type-1 malfunction is a
misfeed, in which a round was not loaded into the chamber
(e.g. you didn't rack the slide after you loaded a magazine, or
the magazine wasn't seated enough to load a round).
2. Make sure the malfunction is not a "squib load". This is a

relatively dangerous malfunction where there is not enough
force to propel the projectile out of the barrel. In semi-
automatic pistols, a squib is often easily noticeable, as the
slide will not cycle and a new round will not be chambered. If
a squib load happens, remove the magazine and clear the
obstruction immediately.
3. Make sure the malfunction is not a "hang fire", in which

the burning of the cartridge's propellant is
delayed. Only attempt to immediately clear the malfunction
during a live-fire, real confrontation. This is due to the risk of
the round eventually firing. If you experience a hang fire,
keep the firearm pointed down range for at least 10 seconds
before attempting to clear.
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4. Correct the Malfunction. The quickest way to do this is
through immediate action. With a semi-automatic pistol, pull
the slide back, ejecting the last round. Observe the ejection
and the round. If the lead is still on the bullet, you know that
the round didn't fire. If the lead is gone, it may indicate a
weapon malfunction. Observe the chamber. Check for double
feeds, or things that don't belong. Release the slide, seating
the next round. Deactivate the safety and attempt to fire the
weapon. If it still fails to fire, remove the magazine and eject
the current round, and turn the weapon over to a gun expert
for repair.
5. Practice:
• Load a full magazine into the gun with an empty chamber.
• Point at the target, pull the trigger, feel the "click".
• With the heel of your palm hit the bottom of your magazine
(with some fervor; this is the "tap").
• Then twist your gun 90-degrees to the right (so the ejection
port is down) and...
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• Rack the gun by pulling the slide straight back and letting
go; do not ride the slide forward, let it slam (this the
"flip" and "rack" part of the drill). This will drop a possibly
dud round out of the chamber and load a new round into
the chamber.
Solution for Misfeed Malfunction

1. Tap the bottom of the magazine firmly.
2. Rack the slide and flip the gun to the right.
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Stovepipe Malfunction
1. Identify the malfunction. When you pull the trigger, there
is no "click" (or "boom"). Sticking out the chamber is visible
brass. This brass is what gives the type-2 malfunction the
name "the stovepipe". It is also known as a failure to eject.
2. Fix the malfunction. The solution is the same as a type-1

malfunction: tap, rack/flip or chop inside.
3. Practice:
• Pull back the slide to expose an empty chamber, lock empty
brass so it is sticking out of the chamber.
• Load a full magazine into the gun.
• Point at the target, pull the trigger, take note that there is
no "click".
• Visually see the brass sticking out of the chamber.
• With the heel of your palm hit the bottom of your magazine
(with some fervor — this is the "tap").
• Then twist your gun 90-degrees to the right (so the ejection
port is down) and...
• Rack the gun by pulling the slide straight back and letting
go; do not ride the slide forward, let it slam (this is the
"flip" and "rack" part of the drill). This will drop the brass
out of the chamber and load a new round into the chamber.
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Solution for Stovepipe Malfunction
1. Point the gun up to
see the "high brass".
2. Tap the bottom of the magazine firmly.
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3. Rack the slide and flip the gun to the right.
Double Feed Malfunction
1. Identify the malfunction. The

fired casing does not get pulled
out of the chamber and a new
round has now being loaded into
the breech. This is known as a
double-feed and a failure to
extract.
2. Fix the malfunction:

• Grab the slide and Lock it
back (optional).
• Press the magazine release
and (while your magazine
may fall out on its own
normally, a type-3 will
prevent it from doing so now)
strip the magazine from the
gun.
• You have an option here.
Either you drop the magazine,
or practice retention where
you hold onto the magazine to continue to use it.
• Grab the slide again and rack it hard three times.
• Reach for a fresh magazine (or use the one in retention), put it
in the gun (same as the tactical reload) #*Rack the slide one
more time to load a round into the chamber.
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Solution for Double Feed Malfunction
1. Point the gun up and

see all the brass in
the chamber.
2. Lock the slide back.
3. Strip the magazine from

the gun (throw it to the
ground or use retention
and hold it in your
hand).
4. Rack the slide three

times.
5. Load fresh magazine or
the one you held.
6. Rack the slide to

chamber a round.
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Watch PE 6 video # 8: Gun Conditions
Lesson Three:
Gun Conditions
Firearm conditions are primarily a way to declare the readiness

of the weapon. For instance, if you’re on the firing line and the range
safety officer calls out “cease fire, cease fire, unload, show, clear —
weapons at Condition 4” — it’s helpful to actually know what that
means.
In this case, Condition 4 is pretty much the universal “safe”. There
is no round in the chamber (because you visually inspected) and the
magazine is out of the firearm. With these two stipulations, the
firearm can quickly be inspected by a range safety officer or other
suitable person to be determined if it is clear and safe for handling.
Whenever you’re passing a firearm off to someone else, it’s always a
great idea to put that firearm in Condition 4. That person should
always then inspect the firearm to ensure it is clear. This really cuts
down on any chance of a negligent discharge.
The legendary guru of the combat 1911, Jeff Cooper, came up
with the “Condition” system to define the state of readiness of the
1911-pattern pistol. They are:
Condition 0 – A round is in the chamber, hammer is cocked, and the
safety is off.
Condition 1 – Also known as “cocked and locked,” means a round is
in the chamber, the hammer is cocked, and the manual thumb safety
on the side of the frame is applied.
Condition 2 – A round is in the chamber and the hammer is down.
Condition 3 – The chamber is empty and hammer is down with a
charged magazine in the gun.
Condition 4 – The chamber is empty, hammer is down and no
magazine is in the gun.
The mode of readiness preferred by the experts is Condition
One. Generally speaking, Condition One offers the best balance of
readiness and safety. Its biggest drawback is that it looks scary to
people who don’t understand the operation and safety features of the
pistol.
Condition Two is problematic for several reasons, and is the
source of more negligent discharges than the other conditions. When
you rack the slide to chamber a round in the 1911, the hammer is
cocked and the manual safety is off. There is no way to avoid this
with the 1911 design. In order to lower the hammer, the trigger must
be pulled and the hammer lowered slowly with the thumb onto the
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firing pin, the end of which is only a few millimeters away from the
primer of a live round. Should the thumb slip, the hammer would
drop and fire the gun. Not only would a round be launched in
circumstances which would be at best embarrassing and possibly
tragic, but also the thumb would be behind the slide as it cycled,
resulting in serious injury to the hand. A second problem with this
condition is that the true 1911A1 does not have a firing pin block and
an impact on the hammer which is resting on the firing pin could
conceivably cause the gun to go off, although actual instances of this
are virtually nonexistent. Finally, in order to fire the gun, the hammer
must be manually cocked, again with the thumb. In an emergency
situation, this adds another opportunity for something to go wrong
and slows the acquisition of the sight picture.
Condition Three adds a degree of “insurance” against an
accidental discharge since there is no round in the chamber. To bring
the gun into action from the holster, the pistol must be drawn and
the slide racked as the pistol is brought to bear on the target. This
draw is usually called “the Israeli draw” since it was taught by Israeli
security and defense forces. Some of the real expert trainers can do
an Israeli draw faster than most of us can do a simple draw, but for
most of us, the Israeli draw adds a degree of complexity, an extra
step, and an opening for mistakes in the process of getting the front
sight onto the target.
Watch PE 6 video # 9: Pistol Drills
Lesson Four:
Pistol Drill
- Combination of different offensive and defensive maneuvers and
techniques that are used in combat or similar situation
PRACTICING WITH YOUR GUN TO BECOME A BETTER SHOT
Whether you own a GUN for self defense, home defense or for the
sport of it, you always want to be constantly practicing to improve
your skills and become a better shot. Your ability to hit your target
may just save your life. If you find yourself defending your life with
a gun, aiming should be a higher priority than shooting and practice
is the key. There are three forms of practice that should be part of
your ongoing relationship with your gun.
1. Instruction – If you start this new endeavor learning to handle and

shoot a gun correctly, you are less likely to form bad habits that are
tough to break later and that just may cost you your life in an
emergency. Plus, the better you are the more confident you will be
and the more fun the sport of shooting will be. Finding and attending
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a good basic shooting class is highly encouraged. Although you will
learn from experience more than you can on your own with a book or
video, keep in mind that there are some wonderful instructional books
and videos that can be a wonderful complement and follow-up to your
personal lesson. If you are a more experienced shooter, learning
more advanced skills and fine tuning those you already have is
recommended. There are so many classes available on a variety of
gun skills.
2. Dry-Fire Practice – Dry-fire is a generic term for practicing at home
with an UNLOADED gun. It does not necessarily mean only pulling
the trigger. It can refer to practicing reloads, drawing, or most any
other skill you need to master with your gun. You may think that not
much can be accomplished by practicing with an empty gun, but the
fact is, improvement will be significant. Dry-fire is an essential
component of learning to shoot well. There are two reasons for this:
1) developing proficiency with any motor skill requires a significant
amount of repetitions, and 2) bad habits such as flinching, eye
blinking, lack of follow through are difficult to detect during live-fire.
All top shooters in the world incorporate a significant amount of dry-
fire into their training regimens, some for hours each day. DRY-FIRE
CAN BE DANGEROUS. Many accidental shootings are caused by
people, even experienced shooters, dry-firing in a dangerous
manner. NOTHING can distract you from following all the dry fire
safety rules!
3. Live Fire – Practicing with your gun at the Range – The range can
mean a local indoor shooting range, an outdoor shooting facility or
for those in more rural areas a simple area in the desert or outdoors.
(Local and state laws regulate where it is legal to shoot a firearm.
Check the laws in your state before you shoot anywhere other than
at an official facility.) Nothing can build skill and confidence like
shooting your gun with a real target, real ammunition, real recoil and
real noise.
RECOMMENDED AS A MINIMUM: Practice live rounds at the range at

least once a month with your defensive handgun, for a minimum of
50 rounds each time.

Explain at least 3 gun conditions that are safe to use and give your
reasons why.
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References
Lightfoot, C. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://thewellarmedwoman.com/training-handling/the-
importance-of-practicing-with-your-gun/.
How To Draw and Holster Your Firearm. Retrieved on June 21 from

http://www.shastadefense.com/HowToDrawAndHolsterFirearm.
pdf.

How to Reload A Pistol . Retrieved on June 21 from

https://www.wikihow.com/Reload-a-Pistol.
How to Reload a Pistol and Clear Malfunctions. Retrieved on June 21

from https://www.wikihow.com/Reload-a-Pistol-and-Clear-
Malfunctions.
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Carlton, S. Basic Shooting Skills Principles of Marksmanship.
Retrieved on June 21 from
http://www.biathlonontario.ca/public_docs/documents/Principle
s_of_Marksmanship2.pdf.
CHAPTER 4 KINDS OF TARGET

• know carefully the differences in targets;
• remember correctly the point system in gun shooting; and
• demonstrate properly how to draw a firearm, malfunctions of
firearms, gun condition and pistol drills better.
Motivation:
Knowing who your enemy is will be of great advantage to you. When
you have practiced well enough in how to draw a firearm and when
you have mastered how to deal with the malfunctions of gun, then
you should know your targets. In practicing how to shoot in a range,
you will be faced with different kinds of target. This will help stimulate
your mind in dealing with different targets of the body. The target
board represents the body. The plate represents the head. The
popper represents the lower extremities. Knowing these, you should
be able to improve on targeting.
To achieve a varied, challenging and exciting sport there are no

fixed target arrangements, distances or shooting programs, making
every match unique. Paper and steel targets can be mixed in the
same stage, and may be static, moving or partially covered by targets
called no-shoots that give minus points if hit.
Paper targets have the three scoring zones A, C, and D with

points per hit varying slightly depending on power factor. A center hit
for both minor or major is five points, but hits in lesser scoring areas
are rewarded more for major than minor with the A-C-D zones being
scored 5–4–2 for major and 5–3–1 for minor (see table below). A
competitor who has declared minor must therefore either shoot more
"A" hits or shoot faster than one who has declared major in order to
make up the scoring disadvantage.
Some typical examples of moving target setups are swingers,
bobbers, clamshells, movers, and drop turners.
Scoring of the targets is done by the Range Officer. For the
competitor to get the relevant scoring value or penalty points, the
bullet hole must at least touch the line of the scoring area. (Breaking
the relevant scoring line is thus not necessary.)
Steel targets score 5 points and must fall to be scored. (For rifle some
steel targets may score 10 points).
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Scoring Minor Major
area points points
A 5 5
C 3 4
D 1 2
For paper targets, the octagonal IPSC Target in typical

cardboard color is used throughout all the disciplines, and a ⅔ scaled-
down IPSC Mini Target is used to simulate a full size target placed at
a greater distance. Additionally, the Universal Target can be used for
rifle or shotgun, while the A3 and A4 paper targets are approved for
shotgun matches only.
For steel targets, there are two standardized knock down

targets, the IPSC Popper (85 cm tall) and the ⅔ scaled-down IPSC
Mini Popper (56 cm tall). Metal plates are often circles between 20–
30 cm in diameter or squares between 15×15 cm to 30×30 cm for
handgun, and circles between 15–30 cm in diameter or squares
between 15×15 cm to 30×45 cm for rifle and shotgun.
1. Target Silhouette
(refer to pages 47-48 of IPSC Handgun Competition Rules
for actual measurements)
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2. Popper
(refer to page 50 of IPSC Handgun Competition Rules for
actual measurements)
3. Plate
(refer to page 51 of IPSC Handgun Competition Rules for
actual measurements)
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In the IPSC pdf file, find how to compute scores using different
targets.
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Reference
“International Practical Shooting Confederation Competition Rules
2006 Edition.” 2005. Ontario, Canada.
Page 77 of 112
CHAPTER 5
NOVICE TARGET/ DRY FIRE/ VIRTUAL DRILLS

At the end of the chapter, the student should be able to:
• perform instinctively the drill performance with speed and
accuracy; and
• repeat easily all firearms drill.
Motivation:
Many apps have been developed nowadays. Most are quite impressed
that these apps help them in many ways. Just like in marksmanship,
there are apps that can help you experience the real deal of firing
guns. These App games gives you an idea on how you will experience
the game of gun shooting in a real life setting or real firing in a range.
This chapter covers the virtual drills in Pistol Shooting at the

target Weapon Simulator App. Download the app in the Play Store
and practice drill simulations. This will help you on improve your
elements of marksmanship.
With the ongoing pandemic, it is not possible to train on a face-
to-face basis for these drills. But, that does not mean that target drills
cannot be achieved. With this app, you can at least experience almost
near what a real face-to-face drill can bring. Doing these drills
together with doing it in proper stances can improve your ability in
handling a gun.
Page 78 of 112
References
How To Draw and Holster Your Firearm. Retrieved on June 21 from

http://www.shastadefense.com/HowToDrawAndHolsterFirearm.
pdf.


http://www.biathlonontario.ca/public_docs/documents/Principle
s_of_Marksmanship2.pdf.
Page 79 of 112
CHAPTER 6 SELF-DEFENSE LAW

• recognize truthfully the awareness on self defense law;
• know properly the consequences of self defense; and
• perform instinctively the drill performance with speed and
accuracy better.
Motivation:
Ignorance of the law excuses no one. This is a very famous maxim.
It is very much connected to marksmanship. So, you must be aware
on what’s happening on your surroundings. In the case of
marksmanship, you should be knowledgeable not only in self-
defense in using a gun but in knowing the law which covers it. You
should know what the restrictions are when handling guns.
Furthermore, it is knowing the law. Respecting the law and obeying
the law.
View PE 6 video # 10: Sitcom Interviews with Lawyers on

Self- defense Law
The Self-Defense Law of the Philippines

(excerpt from the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines)
JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES AND CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH

EXEMPT FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Art. 11. Justifying circumstances. — The following do not incur
any criminal liability:
1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided that
the following circumstances concur;
First. Unlawful aggression.
Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to
prevent or repel it.
Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the
person defending himself.
2. Any one who acts in defense of the person or rights of his
spouse, ascendants, descendants, or legitimate, natural or
adopted brothers or sisters, or his relatives by affinity in the
same degrees and those consanguinity within the fourth civil
degree, provided that the first and second requisites prescribed
in the next preceding circumstance are present, and the further
requisite, in case the revocation was given by the person
attacked, that the one making defense had no part therein.
3. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of a stranger,
provided that the first and second requisites mentioned in the
Page 80 of 112
first circumstance of this Art. are present and that the person
defending be not induced by revenge, resentment, or other evil
motive.
4. Any person who, in order to avoid an evil or injury, does not act
which causes damage to another, provided that the following
requisites are present;
First. That the evil sought to be avoided actually exists;
Second. That the injury feared be greater than that done to
avoid it;
Third. That there be no other practical and less harmful
means of preventing it.
5. Any person who acts in the fulfillment of a duty or in the lawful
exercise of a right or office.
6. Any person who acts in obedience to an order issued by a
superior for some lawful purpose.

Give an example of each of the following circumstances:
Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided
that the following circumstances concur;
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Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed
to prevent or repel it.
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Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the
person defending himself.
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References
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/29/republic-act-
no-10591/.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/06/06/republic-act-
no-8294/.
Foronda, M. (2007). “Correctional Administration.” Phil: Wiseman’s
Books Trading
AMENDING R.A. NO. 10591 (COMPREHENSIVE FIREARMS AND
AMMUNITION REGULATION ACT) .Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=17&q=S
BN-1611
Page 82 of 112
CHAPTER 7
INTERMEDIATE TARGET PRACTICE/ DRY FIRE/
VIRTUAL DRILLS
Chapter Learning Outcome:

At the end of the chapter,you should be able to:
• perform instinctively and swiftly the drill performance with much
better speed and accuracy; and
• repeat easily firearms drills sharply.
View PE 6 video # 11: Intermediate Target Simulation &

Scenarios
This chapter covers the virtual drills in Practical Shooting

Simulator App. Download the app in the Play Store and practice drill
simulations. This will help you on improve your aiming skills.
Page 83 of 112
CHAPTER 8
LTOPF
Chapter Learning Outcome:

• understand responsibly the importance of handling firearms; and
• familiarize legally the procedure on LTOPF.
Motivation:
Gun ownership comes with a responsibility. The government wants
you to be responsible on handling firearms. So, there are specific
requirements when owning these. Therefore, licenses are much
needed when owning firearms so as to protect you and others around
you.
View PE 6 Video # 12: LTOPF Application
LTOPF
- License To Own and Possess Firearm
- Refers to a written authority granted by the Chief, PNP
- through the Chief, FEO to a qualified individual for him/her to
own and possess a firearm in accordance with this IRR.
(Review supplemental readings on RA 10591)

(Review supplemental readings on IRR on RA 10591)
(Review supplemental readings on RA 8294)
Additional Information when applying for LTOPF

IMPORTANT:
1. Please make sure that ALL ORIGINAL & PHOTOCOPIES OF
DOCUMENTS submitted are VERY CLEAR.
2. Use BLACK INK for filling up all forms, including BLACK INK FOR
THUMBMARKS (not light)
3. All requirements needing thumbmarks and signatures should have
clear thumbmarks and signatures.
IF NOT, THEY WILL NOT BE PROPERLY SCANNED & YOUR
LTOAPF APPLICATION WILL NOT BE APPROVED.
SUPPLEMENTAL OPTIONS ON LTOPF REQUIREMENTS
1. Create an Online LTOPF Account; Please log-in at www.feo-
system.com.ph then click vServices.
2. Two (2) copies Application Form – Form provided by Trust Trade or
maybe downloaded from our website
3. Original Copy of NBI Clearance
4. Original PNP National Police Clearance for Metro Manila or DI
Clearance or Municipal/City Police Clearance for Provinces
Page 84 of 112
5. Neuro Psychiatric Clearance from PNP Health Service (result linked
from HS to FEO System)
6. Drug Test Result from PNP Crime Laboratory (result linked from CL
to FEO System)
7. Original Copy of NSO Birth Certificate or Photocopy of
Passport or Birth Certificate from the Local Civil Registry
8. Original Gun Safety and Responsible Gun Ownership Seminar
Certificate (FED-Accredited Center)
9. Photocopy of Proof of Billing or Original Barangay Clearance for
LTOPF Purposes
10. Photocopy of two (2) Valid Government ID
11. 4 pcs 2x2 ID Picture (for LTOPF form, NP, DT and GSRGO)
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
Proof of Income (ANY ONE ONLY, NOT ALL):
Businessman
1. Photocopy of Income Tax Return or Business Permit or SEC
Registration Certificate or DTI
Private Employee/ OFW

1. Photocopy Income Tax Return (ITR) or Original Copy of Certificate
of Employment and Company ID
2. Photocopy of Latest or Previous Contract and Seaman’s Book
Active Government Employee/ Gov’t Official/ Elected

Official
1. Photocopy of Appointment Order or Oath of Office and Government
ID
Retired Private/ Government Employee/ Elected Official

1. Photocopy of Retirement Order or Appropriate Document
Military Reservist
1. J9 Clearance
PNP/ AFP & other Law Enforcement Agency (LEA)

1. Photocopy of Appointment Order and Certificate of Duty Status and
Non-Pending Case Certificate
Senior Citizen
1. Photocopy of Senior Citizen ID
Others
1. Bank Certificate of Deposit
2. Land Title or Certification from Barangay Chairman & COP for proof
of livelihood (for farmers)
Page 85 of 112
3. Other documents that may prove source of income
4. Personal Appearance in One Stop Shop or FEO or RSAU or Caravan
TYPES OF LICENSES ISSUED TO INDIVIDUALS

1. Type 1 License – Maximum of two (2) firearms
2. Type 2 License – Maximum of five (5) firearms
3. Type 3 License – Maximum of ten (10) firearms
4. Type 4 License – Maximum of fifteen (15) firearms
5. Type 5 License – More than fifteen (15) firearms
Downgrade/Upgrade:
1. Certification from the FEO that the Licensee is clear of any
Derogatory Record
2. Previous License to Own and Possess Firearms
3. Updated Registration of Firearms
4. Inspection Report (for upgrading to Type 3 to 5 License)
Sport Shooter’s License:

1. Copy of License to Own and Possess Firearms
2. Certification from the President of a recognized Gun Club or Sports
Shooting Association
3. Written Authority of Consent from Parents/Guardian (for minors)
Gun Collector’s License:

2. Certification of updated Firearm Registration
Antique Firearms Collector’s License:

2. Certification from the National Museum that the FA is Antique
Page 86 of 112
Here is the official copy from the PNP Office
Page 87 of 112
Self Assessment Quiz # 6
After reading chapter 8 and watching video # 12 LTOPF Application,
react on “What is the importance of LTOPF? Explain the procedure in
your own words in acquiring one.”
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References
“International Practical Shooting Confederation Competition Rules

2006 Edition.” 2005. Ontario, Canada.
LTOPF Requirements. Retrieved on June 21 from

https://pro9.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/programs-and-
policies/announcements/1241-license-to-own-and-possess-
firearm-ltopf-requirements.
List of LTOPF Requirements. Retrieved on June 21 from

http://trusttrade.com.ph/list-of-ltopf-requirements/.
Page 88 of 112
CHAPTER 9
PTCFOR

• understand responsibly the importance of handling firearms; and
• familiarize legally the procedure on PTCFOR.
View PE 6 Video # 13: PTCFOR Application
PTCFOR
- Permit To Carry Firearms Outside of Residence
- A written authority issued to a licensed citizen by the PNP which
entitles such person to carry his/ her registered or lawfully
issued firearm outside of the residence for the duration and
purpose specified in the authority
( Review supplemental readings on PTCFOR)

( Review supplemental readings on S. 1911)
Additional Information
A Permit to Carry Firearms Outside of Residence or Place of
Business (PTCFOR) shall be issued by the Chief of the Philippine
National Police (PNP) or his/her duly authorized representative to
any qualified person whose life is under actual threat or his/her life
is in imminent danger due to the nature of his/her profession,
occupation or business. If you are a Filipino citizen, are at least 21
years old, hold your valid license to own and possess firearms
(LTOPF), have gainful work, occupation, or business or have filed an
Income Tax Return (ITR) for the preceding year as proof of income,
profession, business or occupation, you can apply for the Permit to
Carry Firearms.
Please follow the below guiding to do it:
Procedure:
1. Prepare the requirements:
• Your Notarized filled-out application form
• Clearances issued by the Regional Trial Court (RTC) and
Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) that has jurisdiction
over the place where you reside and/or the Sandiganbayan as
the case may be, showing that you have not been convicted
by final judgement of a crime involving moral turpitude or
that you have not been convicted or are currently an accused
in any pending criminal case before any court of law for a
crime that is punishable with a penalty of more than two
years.
• Neuro-psychiatric clearance issued by the PNP Health Service
and its accredited psychologist or psychiatrist.
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• Your certification that you have passed the drug test
conducted by PNP Crime Laboratory or any accredited and
authorized drug testing laboratory or clinic.
• Your certification that you have passed a gun safety and
responsible gun ownership seminar which is administered by
the PNP or a registered and authorized gun club.
• Your National Police Clearance
• PSA Birth Certificate
• Proof of Latest Billing
• At least two valid IDs (one Government issued ID)
• Income Tax Return (ITR), Certificate of Employment, Business
permit or any appropriate document as proof of income
The additional document:
• Copy of Appointment Order, Oath of Office for a Government
Employee
• J9 Clearance for a Military Reservists
• Certificate of Employment for an Overseas Filipino Worker
(OFW)
• Retirement Order or appropriate document for a Retired
Government Employee
2. Apply for Permit to Carry Firearms
Visit a suitable PNP office and present the required documents.
Follow all of officer’s guiding to apply for your Permit to Carry
Firearms. Pay the applicable fee and waiting for obtaining your
PTCFOR. Please remember the restrictions in having a PTCFOR as
follows:
• Display of firearms is prohibited
• The firearm must be secured inside a vehicle or a motor cycle
compartment
• PTCFOR is non-transferable
• The firearm shall not be brought inside places of worship,
public drinking and amusement places and all other
commercial or public establishment
• The PTCFOR-LEA (Law Enforcement Agencies) must be carried
together with the valid Memorandum Receipt/Acknowledge
Receipt of Equipment or Mission Order/letter order as the case
may be.
• Expired, revoked, cancelled, or nullified License to Own and
Possess Firearm and firearm registration will automatically
invalidate the corresponding PTCFOR-LEA
Required Documents
• Your Notarized filled-out application form.
• Clearances issued by the Regional Trial Court (RTC) and
Municipal/Metropolitan Trial Court (MTC) that has jurisdiction
over the place where you resides and/or the Sandiganbayan
as the case may be, showing that you have not been
convicted by final judgement of a crime involving moral
Page 90 of 112
turpitude or that you have not been convicted or are currently
an accused in any pending criminal case before any court of
law for a crime that is punishable with a penalty of more than
two years
• Neuro-psychiatric clearance issued by the PNP Health Service
and its accredited psychologist or psychiatrist
• Your certification that you have passed the drug test
conducted by PNP Crime Laboratory or any accredited and
authorized drug testing laboratory or clinic.
• Your certification that you have passed a gun safety and
responsible gun ownership seminar which is administered by
the PNP or a registered and authorized gun club
• Your National Police Clearance
• PSA Birth Certificate
• Proof of Latest Billing
• At least two valid IDs (one Government issued ID)
• Income Tax Return (ITR), Certificate of Employment, Business
permit or any appropriate document as proof of income
The additional document:
• Copy of Appointment Order, Oath of Office for a Government
Employee
• J9 Clearance for a Military Reservists
• Certificate of Employment for an Overseas Filipino Worker
(OFW)
• Retirement Order or appropriate document for a Retired
Government Employee
Eligibility
• Filipino citizen
• At least 21 years old
• Hold your valid license to own and possess firearms (LTOPF)
• Have gainful work, occupation, or business or have filed an
Income Tax Return (ITR) for the preceding year as proof of
income, profession, business or occupation
Page 91 of 112
Here is an official copy of the PTCFOR from the PNP:
Page 92 of 112
Self Assessment Quiz # 7
After reading chapter 9 and watching Video # 13: PTCFOR
Application, react on “What is the importance of PTCFOR? Explain the
procedure in your own words in acquiring one.”
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References
Philippines Apply for Permit to Carry Firearms. Retrieved on
June 21 from
https://www.wikiprocedure.com/index.php/Philippines_-
_Apply_for_Permit_to_Carry_Firearms.
PTCFOR Requirements . Retrieved on June 21 from

http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Infographics/PTCFOR_020
719.pdf.
Page 93 of 112
CHAPTER 10
REVIEW ON ALL FIREARM DRY FIRE/ VIRTUAL
DRILLS

• perform instinctively and swiftly the enhanced drill performance
with best speed and accuracy with best results; and
• repeat easily firearms drills perfectly and with best results.
Watch PE 6 Video # 14: Enhanced Target Simulation &

Scenarios
This chapter covers reviews on all drills from gun condition to

virtual drills. This will include both apps used in the past chapters.
Furthermore, you must break your old records and set a higher
or greater score on all drills required.
Try the PS Lite Timer Application if you have time.
Page 94 of 112
STUDY GUIDE
It can be difficult to settle into the routine of higher education

for the first time especially when you choose an accelerated
curriculum or balance classes while at home. Luckily, old habits and
new distractions don't have to stand in the way of your college
degree. Incorporate these effective study habits for college students
into your daily routine, and watch yourself blossom into a capable,
disciplined college student. They are easy to follow and implement
and require only a commitment on your part to follow through.
1. Take care of yourself first - Get plenty of rest!
Your brain needs to recharge regularly in order to process and
absorb new information. Sometimes all-nighters are inevitable, but
don't let it become a habit, because sleep-deprivation can prevent
you from learning or thinking critically. Give yourself permission to
make up for lost sleep, too. Students of all ages should get at least
eight hours of sleep every school night. It’s the best way to ensure
that the brain is refreshed and ready to process all of the information
learned during the day. It may be tempting to stay up late to cram,
but it’s more beneficial to get enough rest. A full night’s sleep is
especially important the night before a test—a good night’s sleep
makes you more alert and improves memory for test material,
leading to better test results.
Take care of yourself first - Eat well
Nutrition plays a huge role in your ability to learn. Instead of
depending on sugar and caffeine -- and weathering the crashes that
follow -- drink plenty of water and make sure you get enough fruits
and vegetables. A well-rested, well-nourished, hydrated body is
capable of staying awake and alert without help from chemicals. Don’t
forget to eat! Your body (and your brain) needs fuel to help stay in
top form. Plus, it’s difficult to focus when your stomach is growling.
Have healthy snacks while you study, but make sure they’re prepared
in advance so you don’t spend too much time away from your work.
More time away means more opportunity to be distracted! It is very
important to make sure you have enough energy before studying.
Getting enough sleep, eating healthy brain foods, exercising, and
studying at an appropriate time during the day will give you the
energy you need to focus on your studies! With that said, make sure
you’re also staying hydrated and drinking enough water — and
definitely keep a water bottle on your desk! One last thing: don’t
focus on the time! While you’re studying, you may be wondering
when you should start your next lesson or course, but try not to take
time away from your current studying to constantly check the clock.
2. Get Chores Out Of The Way
Take care of daily chores before starting your study session to
avoid interruption, or being distracted by an unfinished to-do list.
Getting chores out of the way makes it much easier to focus on the
Page 95 of 112
task at hand. Plus, you can look forward to relaxing when your study
time is done rather than dreading the chores that need to be
completed.
Never procrastinate your planned study session.
It's very easy, and common, to put off your study session
because of lack of interest in the subject, because you have other
things you need to get done, or just because the assignment is hard.
Successful students DO NOT procrastinate studying. If you
procrastinate your study session, your studying will become much
less effective and you may not get everything accomplished that you
need to. Procrastination also leads to rushing, and rushing is the
number one cause of errors. Try your absolute hardest not to
procrastinate! If you find that you are having trouble focusing and
are often getting distracted, turn your technology off and don’t keep
it at your desk — or at least right next to you — while you’re studying.
If you need to use a laptop, that is obviously an exception, but try
not to keep a phone or tablet at your study space because it may be
tempting you when you don’t even realize it! Also, eliminate clutter
around you. Try to keep your desk as clear as possible — having
various items and objects in front of you may be what is causing you
to shift your focus from your work to something else.
Eliminate lifestyle distractions
Technology offers unprecedented ways to access new
information. However, it also creates distractions that prevent you
from concentrating on your research. Stick to academic websites,
silence your phone, and turn off your wireless connection as soon as
you have enough information to write.
Make sure you're not distracted while you're studying.
Everyone gets distracted by something. Maybe it's the TV. Or
maybe it's your family. Or maybe it's just too quite. Some people
actually study better with a little background noise. When you're
distracted while studying you (1) lose your train of thought and (2)
are unable to focus -- both of which will lead to very ineffective
studying. Before you start studying, find a place where you won't be
disturbed or distracted. For some people this is a quiet cubical in the
recesses of the library. For others is in a common area where there
is a little background noise.
3. Have A Designated Study Area
Whether it’s the kitchen table or the desk in your bedroom,
create an area to study that is a designated study zone. Try to reserve
your bed for sleeping and avoid studying in it (it can be all too easy
to take a nap!). Most importantly, keep your study space clean and
organized so you can put more time into studying (and less trying to
find a pen that works). Find a Place to Study Regularly. Consistency
is key when it comes to studying, so do your best to make a habit of
it! It’s a good idea to find a spot where you feel comfortable and
inspired to dive into a successful study session.
Page 96 of 112
The environment should be whatever works best for you—
whether that means having complete silence, some light background
music, or a more lively atmosphere. Give it some thought and try out
a few different spots. The sooner you find the space that works for
you, the sooner you’ll be able to study effectively.
4. Plan when you're going to study.
Successful students schedule specific times throughout the
week when they are going to study -- and then they stick with their
schedule. Students who study sporadically and whimsically typically
do not perform as well as students who have a set study schedule.
Even if you're all caught up with your studies, creating a weekly
routine, where you set aside a period of time a few days a week, to
review your courses will ensure you develop habits that will enable
you to succeed in your education long term.
5. Schedule your study time
Instead of squeezing study sessions in between classes, naps,
and other responsibilities, treat studying like any other class or
commitment. Pick a specific location that's quiet, peaceful, and will
give you plenty of room to work. Then set a specific appointment with
yourself each week, and stick to it.
Study at the same time.
Not only is it important that you plan when you're going to
study, it's important you create a consistent, daily study routine.
When you study at the same time each day and each week, you're
studying will become a regular part of your life. You'll be mentally
and emotionally more prepared for each study session and each study
session will become more productive. If you have to change your
schedule from time to time due to unexpected events, that's okay,
but get back on your routine as soon as the event has passed.
Study At The Right Time
Every student has his or her own daily highs and lows. Some
people are night owls while some people prefer the morning. Take
advantage of the time of the day you feel most productive, and don’t
try to force yourself to study when your brainpower isn’t at its peak.
Try to study when you are most alert, so you are able to process and
retain the information that you are studying.
6. Create A Timetable
Creating a timetable helps organize your time, schedules your
breaks, and is especially useful when you have multiple subjects to
study. Write your schedule down so you can remember it and refer
to it often. Set reasonable limits for how much time you spend
studying each day, and break your study session up into manageable
chunks of time.
7. Stick to a schedule
Find a study schedule that works for you and stick to it. Try to
keep it the same every day, and maybe even switch it up halfway
through the semester. Starting your academic routine a couple of
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weeks before school begins will help you see if it works, make
alterations if needed, and get used to it beforehand! Along with this
study tip, notice which tasks are more difficult and which are easier.
Then, you may choose to work on the difficult assignments first and
get them out of the way while you are able to focus best!
8. Use A Timer
Use a timer to help keep track of time and to make sure you
stick to the timetable you created. Setting a timer helps keeps you
focused on the task at hand, committed to working until the timer
goes off, and helps keep you on track to cover all the material you
need to. Above all else, it helps keep your break time effective and
guilt-free (because you’ve earned it!).
9. Make weekly summaries
I know what you’re thinking — this seems like a very time-
consuming task, but it doesn’t have to be dreadful! Keeping a
summary notebook is very beneficial for retaining information for
longer periods of time. Writing a summary of what you’ve learned in
your subject each week will make the pre-test review process easier.
However, remember not to review it last-minute before a quiz or test;
read over the material in your summary book throughout the
semester, perhaps before you start each new lesson, so you can
remember the important information and be prepared for each
assessment and exam. You can dedicate a plain, lined notebook to
your summaries, or you can purchase a summary book that is already
pre-planned and ready to be written in!
10. Take breaks
Try not to overload your study sessions. Avoid cramming a ton
of work into each session, and really strive to focus on what you’re
learning. It may seem easier said than done, especially if you have a
lot of assignments to complete, but think of it this way: spending
more time on each assignment rather than rushing through them will
help you see if you truly understand the material, and most likely you
will. Spacing out your assignments and study sessions will assist you
in getting better grades because that is more efficient than
completing a lot of work, not fully understanding everything, and
getting poor grades. Additionally, you’ll want to take breaks during
your study sessions, so your brain doesn’t feel overpowered by all of
the new information you have just learned! Overall, don’t rush your
work and studying!
11. Create goals
Before each study session, create goals. Think of what you want
to achieve, and what tasks you wish to complete, before jumping
right into studying. You can either write these goals down or keep
them as mental thoughts, and you’ll be able to look back and see
what you’ve accomplished! Doing this a few times may help you
realize how many tasks on average you’re able to complete each day
so you don’t overload and overwhelm yourself with too much work in
Page 98 of 112
the future! With that said, you should also think positive! Seek
positive thoughts before, during, and after your study sessions.
You don’t want to go into studying with a negative mindset
because you may not accomplish as much as you could or work to
your full potential. Frequently remind yourself that you can
accomplish anything you set your mind to, and focus on trying your
hardest. Creating or finding a mantra that you can recall throughout
your study sessions will keep you thinking positive! Finally, don’t
compare yourself to others. Comparing your grades, learning style,
or the amount of time it takes you to complete an assignment or test
to others won’t leave you feeling happy or motivated, so focus
on you and do your best, because everyone learns differently and at
their own pace! Each study time should have a specific goal. Simply
studying without direction is not effective. You need to know exactly
what you need to accomplish during each study session. Before you
start studying, set a study session goal that supports your overall
academic goal (i.e. memorize 30 vocabulary words in order to ace
the vocabulary section on an upcoming Spanish test.)
12. Read actively
While studying, make sure you’re reading “actively.” This
means you are truly focusing on and understanding what you’re
reading as you’re reading it. Reading actively may also involve taking
notes, highlighting important information, writing questions, etc. Just
make sure you’re really processing the information that is going into
your brain rather than quickly scanning the text, and you’ll be on your
way to studying better in no time!
Try Active Studying. Active studying is as simple as asking
questions before, during, and after study time. Not only does this
help to give your study session direction, but it also helps keep you
on track and reflect on how to improve for your next study session!
• Questions to ask yourself before you study:
What am I about to learn?
What do I already know about this subject?
• Questions to ask yourself while you study:
How does this information fit into a bigger picture?
Do I understand what I have just read?
Can I paraphrase it?
Are there any key words or ideas that I need to write down?
Why are these words and ideas important?
• Questions to ask yourself after you study:
What can I take away from this study session?
What do I need to review or learn next time?
13. Keep Track of Deadlines and Important Dates
You might have the best of intentions when buying a new
planner, but to really make the most of it, you should be sure to
review it every day and write down due dates for assignments,
exams, and other important events. Keeping track of what you need
Page 99 of 112
to study for can help you stay ahead of crucial projects and develop
good study habits for college.
You can get ahead of upcoming assignments by checking your
calendar on a weekly (and daily) basis, outlining each deadline in
advance, and blocking off time to study. And don’t forget the best
part of keeping a list of tasks—crossing them off once they are
completed!
14. Take & review thorough notes while in class
Whether you're sitting through a lecture or doing an assigned
reading, always take notes. You'll absorb key terms and ideas more
quickly by writing them down immediately. Don't be afraid to ask
classmates for a refresher if you miss a lecture.
15. Organize your class materials
Instead of keeping one bulky binder or a backpack of loose
paper, organize your notes and handouts into separate folders. This
makes it easier to find what you need for each exam, keep your
homework together, and prevent overwhelming clutter. Color-coding
can also help you keep different topics separate.
16. Don't attempt to cram all your studying into one session.
Ever find yourself up late at night expending more energy
trying to keep your eyelids open than you are studying? If so, it's
time for a change. Successful students typically space their work out
over shorter periods of time and rarely try to cram all of their studying
into just one or two sessions. If you want to become a successful
student then you need to learn to be consistent in your studies and
to have regular, yet shorter, study periods.
17. Don’t Cram for Your Exam
If you follow the previous tip, you likely won’t find yourself in a
difficult situation, but it’s worth repeating: Remember to schedule
your study time wisely to make the most of it. Studies show that
reviewing materials in smaller chunks of time - over a longer time
span - is more effective than trying to cram a ton of material into one
session. Slow and steady wins the race.
Once you have your course syllabus and schedule for the
semester, find periods of time between activities when you can fit in
some studying. This way, you won’t have to stress the night before a
big exam trying to review everything at the last minute.
18. Take practice tests
Take the time to complete practice tests. Taking practice tests
is very efficient and ultimately helps students earn better grades!
Note correct and incorrect answers.
19. Always review notes before starting an assignment.
Obviously, before you can review your notes you must first
have notes to review. Always make sure to take good notes. Before
you start each study session, and before you start a particular
assignment, review your notes thoroughly to make sure you know
how to complete the assignment correctly. Reviewing your notes
Page 100 of 112

before each study session will help you remember important subject
matter learned during the day, and make sure your studying is
targeted and effective.
20. Review Your Notes After Class
Taking notes during the study period is a study habit you might
already be used to, but do you take the time to review those notes
after? If not, consider reviewing your notes later the same day. Going
over your notes after seeing the material will improve your memory
and can help you more effectively learn the material.
21. Review notes and other class materials over the
weekend
Successful students review what they've learned during the
week over the weekend. This way they're well prepared to continue
learning new concepts that build upon previous coursework and
knowledge acquired the previous week.
22. Don't be afraid to ask for help
Don't be afraid to reach out to tutors, professors, and
classmates if you think you're falling behind. Whether you have
trouble understanding a new concept or just need help managing
your time. It’s normal to find home studying challenging at times, but
don’t feel like you have to face it alone. Everyone needs help at some
point—and it’s better to reach out as soon as you think you need it
rather than let yourself fall behind. Reach out to your professor, or
an advisor if you don’t understand the material or need extra
assistance in adjusting.
23. Take every extra opportunity to study
If a professor offers an after-class study session or extra credit
opportunity, try to fit it into your schedule. This doesn't just give you
a stronger safety net in case you make a mistake in the future; it also
shows your initiative as a student.
24. Exercise to release stress
Instead of succumbing to anxiety or pressure until studying
seems impossible, find a productive outlet to express your
frustration. Physical activity releases endorphins that reduce stress
and depression, and it's completely free.
In the following pages, here are a few study guides for you to use.
STUFF I NEED TO STUDY

What do I need to For how long? When will I Date Finished
study? do it?
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Page 101 of 112

Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
STUDY PLAN
Content How well What What Where Dates Date
Covered do I material/s material can I planned Completed
on Test know the do I HAVE /s do I find for study
Content for NEED for these of content
studying studying material
this this sI
content content need?
Chapter
1
Chapter
2
Chapter
3
Chapter
4
Chapter
5
Page 102 of 112

STUDY PLAN
Content How well What What Where Dates Date
Covered do I material/s material/s can I find planned Completed
on Test know the do I HAVE do I NEED these for study
Content for for studying materials of
studying this content I need? content
this
content
Chapter
6
Chapter
7
Chapter
8
Chapter
9
Chapter
10
NOTING WHAT I’VE LEARNED

Main Ideas/ Key Words/ What I’ve Learned
Questions
Chapter 1 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 2 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 3 1.
2.
3.
4.
Page 103 of 112
Chapter 4 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 5 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
NOTING WHAT I’VE LEARNED

Main Ideas/ Key Words/ What I’ve Learned
Questions
Chapter 6 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 7 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 8 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 9 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 10 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Page 104 of 112

STUDY SCHEDULE
Time Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
STUDY SCHEDULE
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
STUDY SCHEDULE
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
Page 105 of 112

STUDY SCHEDULE
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
STUDY SCHEDULE
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
STUDY SCHEDULE
8 am
9 am
10 am
11 am
12 pm
1 pm
2 pm
3 pm
4 pm
5 pm
6 pm
7 pm
Page 106 of 112

LIST OF ACTIVITIES I NEED TO FINISH
Date Chapter Name of Activity Due Date Done
• SAQ 1
1 • Assignment # 1
• Assignment # 2
• Assignment # 3
2 • SAQ 2
• SAQ 3
• Assignment # 4
3
• Assignment # 5
• SAQ 4
LIST OF ACTIVITIES I NEED TO FINISH

Date Chapter Name of Activity Due Date Done
• SAQ 5
8 • SAQ 6
• SAQ 7
9
• Assignment # 10
Page 107 of 112

REFERENCES IN LEARNING PACKS
“International Practical Shooting Confederation Competition

Rules 2006 Edition.” 2005. Ontario, Canada.
1911 Safety and Instructions Manual. Retrieved on June 21
from
https://www.kimberamerica.com/media/wysiwyg/manual-
download/1911-Full-Size-Manual_11-2015.pdf.
Ainsworth, K. A Guide To Field-Stripping the 1911 Pistol.
https://www.shootingillustrated.com/articles/2017/10/27/a
-guide-to-field-stripping-the-1911-pistol/.
AMENDING R.A. NO. 10591 (COMPREHENSIVE FIREARMS AND
AMMUNITION REGULATION ACT) .Retrieved on June 21
from
https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=17&
q=SBN-1611
Approved RIRR of RA 10591. Retrieved on June 21 from
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/transparency_seal/2018/A
PPROVED-RIRR-2018-RA-1059103222018164247.pdf.
Browning, C. Complete Beginner’s Guide to 1911 Disassembly
and Cleaning. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://gunnewsdaily.com/1911-disassembly-cleaning-
guide/.
http://www.biathlonontario.ca/public_docs/documents/Prin
ciples_of_Marksmanship2.pdf.
Cheng, C. (2018). “Shoot to Win: Training for the New Pistol,
Rifle, and Shotgun Shooter.” Skyhorse Publishing, USA.
Firearms Definitions. Retrieved on June 21 from
http://www.tncourts.gov/sites/default/files/docs/firearmsh
andout_1.pdf.
Firearms Safety. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/4h/Nature_Trails/NT1_Ch
3.pdf.
Foronda, M. (2007). “Correctional Administration.” Phil:
Wiseman’s Books Trading
How To Draw and Holster Your Firearm. Retrieved on June 21
from
http://www.shastadefense.com/HowToDrawAndHolsterFire
arm.pdf.
How to Reload A Pistol . Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.wikihow.com/Reload-a-Pistol.
Page 108 of 112

How to Reload a Pistol and Clear Malfunctions. Retrieved on
June 21 from https://www.wikihow.com/Reload-a-Pistol-
and-Clear-Malfunctions.
Lewis, RS. How Does A Gun Works. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.quora.com/How-does-a-gun-work.
Lightfoot, C. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://thewellarmedwoman.com/training-handling/the-
importance-of-practicing-with-your-gun/.
List of LTOPF Requirements. Retrieved on June 21 from
http://trusttrade.com.ph/list-of-ltopf-requirements/.
LTOPF Requirements. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://pro9.pnp.gov.ph/index.php/programs-and-
policies/announcements/1241-license-to-own-and-possess-
firearm-ltopf-requirements.
McHale, T. What Are The Types of Guns?. Retrieved on June 21
from https://www.usconcealedcarry.com/blog/what-are-
the-types-of-guns/.
Pistol Weapon Handlings. Retrieved on June 21 from
https://www.trngcmd.marines.mil/Portals/207/Docs/wtbn/
MPMS/DIV%2024%20Pistol%20Weapons%20Handling_Me
dia.pdf?ver=2015-06-15-134604-773.
Philippines Apply for Permit to Carry Firearms. Retrieved on
June 21 from
https://www.wikiprocedure.com/index.php/Philippines_-
_Apply_for_Permit_to_Carry_Firearms.
PTCFOR Requirements . Retrieved on June 21 from
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/images/Infographics/PTCFOR_020
719.pdf.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/29/republic-
act-no-10591/.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1997/06/06/republic-
act-no-8294/.
Sadowski, RA. (2012). “Shooter's Bible Guide to Firearms
Assembly, Disassembly, and Cleaning.” Skyhorse
Publishing, USA.
Page 109 of 112

APPENDICES
1. Define in your own words what is marksmanship and combat

pistol shooting.
( Answer to this question depends on your understanding.)
2. Differentiate the kinds of firearms according to what you think
is the best.
3. Identify the parts of a pistol according to field stripping.
a. Recoil spring plug
b. Slide stop
c. Frame
d. Recoil spring
e. Recoil spring guide
f. Barrel bushing
g. Barrel
h. Slide
4. Write the four basic gun safety rules and explain each on your
own understanding.
(a) CONSIDER EVERY GUN AS LOADED.
(b) NEVER LET THE MUZZLE OF A GUN POINT AT ANYTHING
THAT YOU DO NOT INTEND TO SHOOT.
(c) KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER UNLESS YOU ARE
READY TO FIRE.
(d) BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET AND WHAT LIES BEYOND AND
AROUND IT BEFORE YOU SHOOT.
5. Write the 15 rules in handling firearms safely and explain the
importance of each.
a) Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.
b) Assume that the firearm is always loaded.
c) Keep your finger off the trigger.
d) Be sure of your target and everything is downrange.
e) Always hand a firearm to someone unloaded.
f) Use the proper ammunition.
g) Wear ear and eye protection.
h) If your gun doesn’t fire when the trigger is pulled, be
cautious.
i) Be sure the firearm's barrel, chamber, and action are clear
of obstruction before firing.
j) Maintain your firearm properly.
k) Proper modification of the firearm.
l) Learn the safety and firing characteristics of the firearm.
m) Never shoot hard or flat surfaces (including water).
n) Never allow your loaded firearm out of your control.
o) Never mix alcohol or drugs with firearms.
Page 110 of 112

6. How is R.A. 7610 related to gun safety?
1. Write and explain the 2 kinds of stances in your own words.

a. Isosceles Stance
b. Weaver Stance
2. How is the grip supposed to be performed in gun shooting?
The proper grip is done by spreading the index finger and the
thumb of the shooting hand a part to form a “V” shape with
the thumb held slightly lower than the index finger. The web
or “V” shape of the shooting hand is pushed directly at the
highest point of the firearm back stop.
3. Why do you need to control your breath while shooting?
The object of proper breath control is to enable the pistol
shooter to hold his/her breath with a comfortable feeling long
enough to fire one shot; or five shots in ten seconds rapid fire
without loss of the ability to hold still or concentrate on sight
alignment.
Explain at least 3 gun conditions that are safe to use and give your
reasons why.
Condition 0 – A round is in the chamber, hammer is cocked, and the

safety is off.
Condition 1 – Also known as “cocked and locked,” means a round is
in the chamber, the hammer is cocked, and the manual thumb safety
on the side of the frame is applied.
Condition 2 – A round is in the chamber and the hammer is down.
Condition 3 – The chamber is empty and hammer is down with a
charged magazine in the gun.
Condition 4 – The chamber is empty, hammer is down and no
magazine is in the gun.
In the IPSC pdf file, find how to compute scores using different
targets.
(Look this up at the IPSC Handgun Competition Rules)
Page 111 of 112

Give an example of each of the following circumstances:

Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided
that the following circumstances concur;
Second. Reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or

repel it.
Third. Lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person
defending himself.


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CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

COMPILED BY: REYNALDO D. SAMSON

Practice makes perfect…

Here is my messenger link, just

3 Firearms and Pistols

5 Novice Target Practice/ Dry Fire/ Virtual Drills

Chapter Learning Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

10 Review on All Firearm Dry Fire / Virtual Drills

Chapter Learning Outcomes:

Marksmanship - It is the art of shooting a firearm with ability to hit

Marksman - He is a person skilled in shooting at a mark or target.

While movie heroes can do pretty much anything one-handed, the

Like rifles, shotguns are two-handed firearms designed to be fired

Takedown levers on either side of their corresponding receivers from a

Re-assembling your pistol is simply a matter of reversing the steps.

Field-Stripping a 1911 Equipped with a Bull Barrel

Mount the Gun

In the backward movement, the slide has mounted the

Watch PE 6 video # 2: Pistol Box

2. NEVER LET THE MUZZLE OF A GUN POINT AT ANYTHING THAT

3. KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER UNLESS YOU ARE

How to Handle A Firearm Safely

1. Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.

2. Assume that the firearm is always loaded.

3. Keep your finger off the trigger.

4. Be sure of your target and everything is downrange.

5. Always hand a firearm to someone unloaded.

6. Use the proper ammunition.

8. If your gun doesn’t fire when the trigger is pulled, be

9. Be sure the firearm's barrel, chamber, and action are

10. Maintain your firearm properly.

• Pistols should be, at minimum, "field stripped" (if possible),

• If the firearm is not to be fired for a significant amount of time, it

12. Learn the safety and firing characteristics of the

13. Never shoot hard or flat surfaces (including

14. Never allow your loaded firearm out of your

Watch PE 6 Video # 4: Gun Safety and Child Proofing

▪ As a responsible gun holder, we must recognize the need and

STEPS IN CHILDPROOFING A FIREARM

IMPORTANT REMINDER IN GUNPROOFING YOUR CHILD:

Self Assessment Quiz 1

5. Write the 15 rules in handling firearms safely and explain the

6. How is R.A. 7610 related to gun safety?

1911 Safety and Instructions Manual. Retrieved on June 21 from

Ainsworth, K. A Guide To Field-Stripping the 1911 Pistol. Retrieved

Browning, C. Complete Beginner’s Guide to 1911 Disassembly and

Firearms Safety. Retrieved on June 21 from

How to Handle Firearms Safely. Retrieved on June 21 from

Lewis, RS. How Does A Gun Works. Retrieved on June 21 from

Marksman defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

Marksman defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

Marksmanship defined. Retrieved on June 21 from

McHale, T. What Are The Types of Guns?. Retrieved on June 21

Republic Act 7610. Retrieved on June 21 from

CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKSMANSHIP

Chapter Learning Outcomes:

Watch PE 6 video # 5: Fundamentals of Marksmanship

• A proper grip provides the shooter with maximum control of the

Breathing properly while shooting is essential. Inhale, exhale and

• The correct method of breathing is an essential part of the

• Experienced shooters usually take a deep breath before firing

Proper Sight Alignment

Focusing on the Front Sight