Wind Powered

General Physics 2
Generator for
Charging

Boni Joshua Benson

Kenneth Duhaylungsod
Earl John Cortez
Phejie Collamar

Project Title: Wind Powered Electrical Generator for Charging

Project Objective:
The objective of this project is to design and construct a wind-powered electrical
generator that can be used to generate an electromagnetic power and power a charging circuit
board. The goal is to demonstrate the principles of electromagnetic induction and create a
functional, self-powered electrical generator using the provided materials.

Materials Needed:

1. Plain Wood (Base) 6. Stick Glue

2. Unused Fan 7. Lead
3. Charger Adaptor 8. Cutting Pliers
4. Soldering Iron 9. Staples
5. Glue Gun

Design:

1. Prepare the Base:

Use the plywood to create a stable base for the project. Ensure that the base is large
enough to accommodate all the components.
2. Assemble the Rotor:
Attach the fan to the base, ensuring that it can spin freely. Secure the stand to the base,
allowing the fan to rotate smoothly. Cut the wire to sold it to the contacts of the charger.
3. Preparing the Circuit Board:
Disassemble the cover of the charger adaptor and make sure that the circuit board is in
good condition and undamaged.
4. Assemble the Electrical Circuit:
Connect the electrical wire from the fan to the contacts of the circuit board using soldering
iron for completing the electrical circuit.
5. Test and Refine:
 Find a high speed fan and place the generator in front of it. Plug a USB-Cable, Plug the
Charging Pin to the Phone and observe. Adjust the positioning of the fan as needed to ensure
smooth operation and maximum power generation.
6. Enhance and Improve:
Explore ways to improve the generator’s efficiency, such as using a more powerful motor
to spin the rotor or incorporating a gear system to increase the rotational speed. Investigate
the possibility of incorporating additional features, such as voltmeter to monitor the generated
voltage.
7. Safety Precautions:
Emphasize safety precautions, especially when working with water and electrical
components. Ensure proper supervision, especially for younger students, to prevent accidents.
8. Documentation and Reflection:
Document the design and construction process, including materials used, assembly steps,
and testing results. Reflect on the challenges faced during the project and any improvements
that could be made for future iterations.

According to Supardi, A., & Dzikri, N. M. (2019), One type of generator used in renewable
power generation systems is a permanent wind generator. This generator provides a constant
excitation produced by a fan blades, but does not provide a mechanism to regulate the
excitation current. It can also directly generate a voltage when the rotor has been rotated,
but it is quite difficult to control the output voltage when the load is changed.

Theories:

A wind-powered generator applies several key physics theory:

1. Electromagnetic Induction (Faraday’s Law):

This fundamental principle states that a changing magnetic field in a
conductor induces an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the conductor.
In your project, spinning the fan creates a changing magnetic field within the
coil inside the fan. This changing field pushes and pulls on the electrons in the
wire, causing them to flow and create a current. Electromagnetic (EM)
techniques are the methods widely utilized for locating conductive and
metallic objects in the subsurface. The foundation concept of EM induction is
that any time-varying EM field will cause current to flow in any conductive
(or semiconductive) object that it encounters. (Daniels, J. J., Vendl, M.,
Ehsani, M. R., & Allred, B. J. (2008).

2. Kinetic Energy
The use of kinetic energy, stored in the rotational masses of Variable Speed
Wind Turbines (VSWT), for inertial support is well established. The idea is to
employ the fast control response of the VSWT to inject additional power for
the short duration following the disturbance. However, the variable speed
operation of the VSWT poses a great challenge in successfully designing an
appropriate control approach, applicable for wide operating ranges, capable of
minimizing the effects of energy regain by the Wind Turbine (WT) after the
support period. To address this issue, this paper proposes a modified inertia-
emulation scheme, based on Step Over-Production (SOP) approach. Further, to
enable optimum energy transfer and to handle the problem of variable Stored
 Kinetic Energy (SKE), the shaping parameters of the proposed scheme are
optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results
show that the proposed approach can limit the fall of frequency while reducing
post disturbances across the entire operating range of the WT.

References:

Daniels, J. J., Vendl, M., Ehsani, M. R., & Allred, B. J. (2008). Electromagnetic induction
methods. Handbook of agricultural geophysics, 109-128.
Cortina, G., Calaf, M., & Cal, R. B. (2016). Distribution of mean kinetic energy around an
isolated wind turbine and a characteristic wind turbine of a very large wind farm.
Physical Review Fluids, 1(7), 074402.