Relevance of RTS Concepts in Uninterrupted Power

supply (UPS) Industry

PAPER TITLE
**Relevance of RTS Concepts in Uninterrupted Power supply (UPS) Industry

Bits ID: 01580

Name: Rishikesh Shinde
Title: Relevance of RTS Concepts in Uninterrupted Power supply (UPS) Industry
Organization mentor: Kiran, Dahimiwal
Course Name: Real Time System
Course Number: ESZG553
Date: 04 April 2024

ARTICLE INFO
Keywords:
Power failure
Real Time Embedded Systems (RTES)
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)

Page 1
ABSTRACT*

Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems are vital for ensuring continuous power
delivery to critical infrastructure, data centers, and sensitive electronic equipment.
This study focuses on integrating real-time systems into the UPS industry to enhance
reliability, efficiency, and monitoring capabilities. It explores the importance of real-
time monitoring, investigates underlying technologies like sensor networks and
communication protocols, and examines case studies demonstrating benefits such as
fault detection and energy optimization. The paper also addresses challenges like
interoperability and cybersecurity, offering strategies for UPS stakeholders. Ultimately,
it emphasizes the transformative role of real-time systems in UPS, enabling proactive
management of power supply challenges and ensuring business continuity in a dynamic
environment.

I. INTRODUCTION

BASIC IDEA OF REAL TIME SYSTEMS

Real-time systems are like super-responsive computer systems. They’re designed to

react lightning-fast to events or inputs. Imagine them as the sprinters of the tech
world!

Hard Real-Time Systems:

Strict Timing: These systems have zero tolerance for delays. If a task isn’t
done on time, it’s like missing a crucial flight—catastrophic!
Examples: Think airbag deployment in cars or life support systems.
Soft Real-Time Systems:
Less Strict Timing: Missing a deadline won’t cause disasters. It’s more like
missing a train—it’s inconvenient but not life-threatening.
Common Scenarios: Streaming videos, online gaming, or stock market data
processing.
How They Work:
Specialized Components: Real-time operating systems (RTOS), smart scheduling
algorithms, and real-time communication rules.
Hardware Heroes: Timers and sensors play their part too.
Why They Matter:
As more devices connect to the internet, real-time response becomes crucial.
Safety-critical stuff (like self-driving cars or medical devices) relies on precise
timing to keep us safe.

BASIC IDEA OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

1. What Is a UPS? [1]

 A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is like a superhero for your electronic
devices.
Its mission: to provide power without interruption.
When the regular power source fails (like during a blackout), the UPS steps in
to save the day.
2. How It Works : The Core Components
[3]
Fig 1.1
 Fig 1.2

Battery Backup: The UPS has a rechargeable battery. It’s like having a backup
generator in your home.
Surge Protection: The UPS shields your devices from voltage spikes and other
power disturbances.
Inverter: When the power goes out, the UPS converts battery DC power into AC
power for your devices.
Static Bypass Switch: This switch ensures a smooth transition between power
sources.
3. Types of UPS Systems [2]
Single-conversion systems:
Single-conversion Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) utilize a single process
to maintain power continuity during mains power failures. Initially, they convert
incoming alternating current (AC) from the mains to direct current (DC) to
charge internal batteries. When mains power fails, the stored DC power is
inverted back to AC to supply the load. While simpler and cost-effective,
single-conversion UPS systems may introduce a brief switchover time during
power transitions, which may not be suitable for highly sensitive equipment
requiring seamless power supply.
Standby UPS
Standby Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) remain inactive during normal
operation, activating only when mains power fails, thus offering basic
protection against power disruptions. They detect power failures and swiftly
switch to battery power to ensure continuity of power supply to the load.
These UPS systems have a short transfer time between mains power failure
 detection and battery power activation, potentially resulting in a brief
interruption in power supply. Standby UPS units are cost-effective solutions
suitable for non-critical applications where occasional power interruptions can
be tolerated.
Line-interactive UPS
Line-interactive Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) actively regulate voltage
levels from the mains supply, using an autotransformer or tap-changer
mechanism to maintain stability. In the event of significant voltage fluctuations
or power outages, they seamlessly switch to battery power to ensure
uninterrupted supply to connected devices. Unlike standby UPS systems, line-
interactive UPS units continuously monitor and adjust voltage, offering improved
efficiency by reducing battery usage during minor power irregularities. This
balance between voltage regulation and battery backup makes them well-suited
for environments where moderate power fluctuations are common, such as
small businesses and home offices, providing enhanced protection without
excessive battery drain.
Double-conversion systems
Double-conversion Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) ensure continuous,
high-quality power to critical loads by converting incoming AC power to DC and
then back to AC, regardless of mains supply conditions. Through this constant
conversion process, they provide seamless protection against power
disruptions, voltage fluctuations, and harmonic distortions, offering the highest
level of power quality and reliability. Ideal for mission-critical applications like
data centers and hospitals, double-conversion UPS systems prioritize
uninterrupted power supply, making them essential for maintaining the
reliability and uptime of sensitive equipment and systems.
4. Why UPS Matters
Keeps servers, medical devices, and data centers running smoothly.
Vital for safety-critical applications (like self-driving cars or hospitals).
When the lights flicker, your UPS silently saves the day! ⚡🔋
II. FUNCTION OF REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (RTES) IN UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY
(UPS)

An Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS) provides emergency power and line regulation as

well to connected equipment by supplying power using battery source when utility power
is not available and, depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected
equipment by supplying power from a separate.

As business area of IT field increased, IDC center has more and more servers on a large
scale and essential UPS still needs more bulky capacity to supply power for server.
Therefore, the importance of reliability increases. In contrast, technology development
speed of UPS is slow and there are problems of maintenance, administration, etc.
Due to criticality of the application Real time system is used.
In UPS domain UPS manly consists of following blocks as shown in
Fig 2.1

As UPS is having AC input and upon power interruption it switches to Battery operated
mode
These UPS May have Linear or Non-linear load considering any condition the fault
diagnostic system must not falter
In Basic UPS Function The parameters monitored are the line voltage, the line frequency
and the harmonic distortion. The system has also the capability to safely turn off the
UPS, in case of a malfunction

Basic structure of Fault Diagnostic system is as shown in

Fig 2.2

Is shown in Fig 2.2 Output current of inverter is given to DSP for reference monitoring.
In order to obtain accurate sampling timing for one period, the zero crossing signal of
output voltage is also inputted to DSP processor

The Waveform of current is at high frequency due to switching as well as added faults
cause deviations in expected outputs
In Hence Radix-II FFT is used in calculations

In short double buffered system is used for FFT Diagnosis

There are few more necessary simultaneous operations executing in Real time
environment
Which may be varying from Product to Product
eg,

Datacenter ambient temperature monitoring

Automatic temperature control inside the system
Live data sent to system administrator
System data logging for service engineers application
etc.

III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

Mentioned below is the simple application of Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

where we will be monitoring

Line Voltage
Line Frequency
Harmonic Distortion
Safety Turn OFF

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
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Author’s last name, First name. “Chapter Title.” In Title of the Book, edited by Editor
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Author’s last name, First name. “Web Page Title.” Website Name. Month Day, Year.
Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

Author’s last name, First name. “Journal Article Title.” Journal Name Volume number,
no. Issue number (Month Year): Page range. URL or DOI.

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