CHAPTER 5

THE CORRECTION PILLAR

This chapter presents the role of the correction as the 4 th pillar of the PCJS. However, it
only provided the common functions of the correction to criminal offenders who have gone
through the police, prosecution and court pillars discussed.
Learning Outcome
At the end of this chapter, students are expected to have:
1. Recognized the types of correctional pillars and their
respective functions
2. Attained basic knowledge about the forms of rehabilitation
(non-institution & institutional correction) programs of the
correctional pillar.
3. Analysed how the types of correctional pillars cause
reformation of the convicts and
4. Understood the concept of restorative justice as one of the
subfields of the correctional pillar.
Lesson 12. Introduction to Correction
What is Correction?
 It refers to the treatment of offenders through a system
of penal incarceration, rehabilitation, parole and
probation or the administrative system by which these
are effectuated.
What is Penology?
 It came from latin “poena” means punishment and greek
“logia” means study
 it is the study of the punishment of crime and prison management and in this sense it is
equivalent to correction.
Foundation of Penology | Punishment and Rehabilitation
1. Classical Theory (Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham)
 a. torturer and capital punishment should be eliminated
b. punishment should be prescribe and fixed in advance
c. penalties and sentence should be deterrent that retributive
2. Neoclassical Theory
 The main theory of this is that, it emphasized deterrence and retribution which means,
certain individuals such as children and the mentally ill are generally less capable of
exercising their reasons.
3. Positive Theory (GA-FE-LO)
 The punishment must fit the criminal rather than the crime, as the treatment of criminals
must be individualized and the society to be protected from those criminals.
Summary: Theories on Punishment and rehabilitation
1. Classical  Freedom from cruelty
 Expost facto law
 Sentence are determinate
2. Neoclassical  Punishment should fit on the crime committed
 Mitigation or exemption from punishment
3. Positivist  Treatment and reform
 Humane treatment for criminals
 Sentences are indeterminate

Two forms of Correction

1. Institutional Correction
 it refers to a form of correction that is conducted or administered to prisoners or inmates
while serving their sentence inside the prison.
2. Non Institutional Correctional
 It is known as the Community Based Correction. It refers to a form of correction that is
conducted or administered to prisoners or inmates while serving their sentence outside
the prison.
Three Correctional Departments
1. Department of Justice
2. Department of Interior and Local Government
 3. Department of Social Welfare and Development
Categories of Inmate
a. Prisoner
 who is convicted by final judgment by a criminal court
b. Detainee
 who is undergoing trial or awaiting final judgment
Classification of Prisoners
1. Insular Prisoner  3 years, 1 day to life imprisonment

2. Provincial Prisoner  6 months, 1 day to 3 years

3. City Prisoner  1 day to 3 years
4. Municipal Prisoner  1 day to 6 months

Jail as a safekeeping facility

 Safekeeping refers to the temporary custody of a person for his own protection from the
community where he comes from.
Three classification of Detainees
a. those undergoing investigation
b. those awaiting trial
c. those waiting final judgment

Lesson 13. The Correction Pillar its relationship to CJS

A. Bureau of Correction (BuCor)
 Upon receiving a convict, undertakes to perform two mandates:
safekeeping & reformation
 Safekeeping means temporary custody of a person for his
own protection from the community where he comes from.
 Reformation means to ensure the public are no longer
harmful to the community by becoming reformed individual
prepared to live a normal & productive.
 Reformation includes:
a. moral & spiritual program
b. education & training program
c. work & livelihood program
d. sports & recreation program
e. health & welfare program
Seven Operating Correctional Institution
1. San Ramon Penal Farm  August 21, 1870
 Zamboanga

2. Iwahig Penal Farm  1904

 Puerto Prinsesa City, Palawan

3. Correctional Institution for Women  Nov 27, 1929

 Mandaluyong & Davao City through
Act # 3579

4. Davao Penal Farm  January 21, 1932

 Panabo City, Davao Del Norte through
Act # 3732

5. New Bilibid Prison  1935

 Manila
6. Sablayan Penal Farm  Sept 26, 1954
 Occidental Mindoro through
Proclamation # 72
 7. Leyte Regional Prison  January 16, 1973
 Abuyog Del Norte through
proclamation # 1101

Lesson 14. Non Institutional Correction

 Methods for treating offenders includes, probation (minor & adult), suspended sentence,
parole and conditional pardon
1. Probation- is a period supervision over an offender, ordered by the court instead of serving
time in prison.
a. Adult Probation- refers to suspension in the execution of the sentence imposed in the
judgment as provided in the PD 968 approved on July 24, 1976 as amended RA 10707 on Nov
26, 2015. It is privilege granted by the court to a person convicted of a criminal offense to remain
in the community instead of going to jail.

2. Parole
 It refers to the conditional release of a person convicted of a crime prior to the expiration
of the person’s term of imprisonment, subject to both supervision of the correctional
authorities during the remainder of the term. Parole in the country is provided by Act No
4103 also known as Indeterminate Sentence Law.
3. Conditional Pardon
 It refers to the exemption of an individual, within certain limits or conditions, from the
punishment witch the law inflicts for the offences he had committed resulting in the
partial extinction of his criminal liability.
 CHAPTER 6
THE COMMUNITY PILLAR
This chapter provides topics all about the community as the 5 th pillar of the PCJS.
Specifically, it provides function of family, school and church or religion are considered primary
institution in the community towards crime prevention and reformation of criminals.
Learning Outcome
At the end of this chapter, students are expected to have:
1. Recognized the several roles of the community as the last
pillar of the PCJS
2. Identified the institution under the community pillar with
the respective roles on crime prevention, control and
rehabilitation of convicts
3. Demonstrated the ideal function of family, religion or
chu8rch, and school towards crime prevention, control and
rehabilitation of convicts.
Lesson 15. Introduction to Community
What is Community?
 It refers to the local government, together with the
society, of individuals both public and private which a
child lives.
Kinds of Family
A. Nuclear Family
 it is also known as Elementary Family or Conjugal
Family, consisting of 2 parents and their children

B. Extended Family
 Consisting like father, mother, children, aunties, uncles, grandparents and cousins, all
living in the same households.
C. Single Parent Family
 a family who lives with a child, without a husband or a wife or a live in partner