GPA 422 Human

Security
Instructor: Maheen Ahmad
Week 6, February 27 2023
maheenahmad@s3h.nust.edu.pk

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Where were we?
FREEDOM
FROM
WANT

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Back to the basics

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How has UNDP HDR 1994 report introduced economic
security?

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 I want to use my
Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist experience to
support the
BSc in Civil Engineering
development,
adoption, and
implementation of
8 years multidisciplinary mega projects in the
experience
field of Disaster
Studied from HEC recognized
university Resilience
APPLICATION
TO PLANNING I want to
&
DEVELOPMENT help
BOARD rebuild
Pakistan!
Min. 4 years experience with
project appraisals

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 Maybe after
graduating from
▪ The primary difference between private and M’am Maheen’s
public sector employment in Pakistan is in class, I should try my
regards to pension schemes.
luck with a private
▪ Public sector employees receive higher job???
pension benefits in comparison to private
sector employees.
▪ Furthermore, they have more stable jobs
and can only be dismissed in very rare cases.
▪So, public sector jobs remain attractive for
two reasons: job security and pension.

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 x 1, 374,911

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Activity: public sector & me besties
4ever

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 ▪
[Regularization] Case study:

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“…for the appointment of 19 employees, the government should have at least Rs. 1.6
billion in a bank with a 10% annual growth rate to pay the salaries and meet the
operating expenses and perks of these employees”
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▪The pay structure of a public sector employee can have a significant impact on labour market
competitiveness
▪High wage premiums in public sector can help attract and retain skill employees, improve service
delivery and in theory, reduce corruption
▪However, high wage premiums can also pose financial challenges, and run the risk of creating
inequities and negative perceptions among the public. It can also incentivize more workers to
queue for public jobs instead of joining private sector (which may hinder economic growth and
crowd out the private sector).
▪If too low, government faces recruitment problems, and may demotivate workforce, affecting
productivity. Government will face a retention problem.

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Activity: Its raining cats and jobs!

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▪Governments, all over the world, are often major employers.
▪Should they directly provide new jobs? Consider the speed and scale.
▪They cannot dish out jobs, and give handouts. Political culture.
▪Think PIA, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Steel Mills.
▪Political influence controlling placements, nepotism, corruption, overstaffing, underperformance become risks.
Even image tainting. Employee disfaction.
▪Where government jobs do need to be created, they should be created for reasons of need and efficiency, not for
expediency.
▪Also, it is the government’s job to create work. Meaningful, productive, labourforce. This can be done through
policy innovation.

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[Reinstatement] Case study

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Activity: Impartial. To be or not to be, that is the
question.

Aslam is an accomplished BS-21 officer, having

a wealth of experience in both administrative and
revenue positions across various public sectors
departments. Previous appointments included
Aslam served in the office of the Chief Minister of
Punjab, Income Tax Department, Pakistan Post
Office Department, etc

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Impartiality
▪ This is a long-standing principle and value, which can be dated to
the 19th century
▪ Proponents are skeptic of the spoils system and of patronage
▪ Instead of political favor or connection, civil servants are to be
appointed on merit. This means as permanent office-holders,
▪ they develop expertise as they advance
▪ they act in a non-partisan way when doing their jobs
▪ there are restrictions in campaigning for political parties

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 The services are the
backbone of the state.
Governments are formed.
Governments are defeated.
Prime Ministers come and go,
but you stay on. Therefore,
there is a very great
responsibility placed on your
shoulders.
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Impartiality around the world?
▪ The United Kingdom Constitutional Reform
and Governance Act 2010:
▪ [recruitment] to be “on merit on the basis of
fair and open competition” and established in
law the Civil Service Commission (that had
long existed on a non-statutory basis) to
oversee that requirement.
▪ mandated the government to produce a civil
service code emphasizing civil servants to
“serve the government, whatever its political
persuasion… in a way which maintains
political impartiality… no matter what your
own political beliefs are”
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Impartiality around the world?

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Readings
▪ Supplementary readings directly onto LMS

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Subject: Disclaimer about Human Security
course.
Dear student,
Remember, you are professional public administrators now (and young professionals
are you are about to graduate). You will not be quizzed on what was written verbatim
on page 42 or page 927 of any textbook. You will be tested on your conceptual clarity
(i.e. understanding of concepts learned in class) and your ability to apply them. You are
free to explore any text and medium that will help you understand better, beyond the
textbook and supplementary readings. Read far and wide to form more reason-based
and logical opinions on the subject matter. Human security is a subject that demands
you to see the world in a different perspective.
Remember, if you ever get confused, you are more than welcome to email me at
maheenahmad@s3h.nust.edu.pk A little help goes a long way.
Regards, Your Instructor
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