TYPES OF CHARGING

PROCESSES
HOW DOES
THESE
MACHINES
WORK?
ELECTRICITY
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
ALSO KNOWN AS
ELECTRICAL ENERGY.

THIS ENERGY
ORIGINATES FROM
THE MOTION OF
CHARGES
ELECTRIC CHARGE
AN ELECTRICAL
PROPERTY OF MATTER
THAT CREATES FORCE
BETWEEN OBJECTS.
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

PROTONS Positive charge

ELECTRONS Negative charge

NEUTRONS No charge
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Proton

Electron

Neutron
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Proton

Electron

Neutron
 HOW DO
OBJECTS GET
CHARGED?
OBJECTS ARE CHARGED BY
GAINING OR LOSING
ELECTRONS.

RUBBING TWO DIFFERENT

MATERIALS CAN CAUSE THE
TRANSFER OR ELECTRONS.
REMEMBER:

ONLY THE ELECTRONS CAN TRANSFER TO OBJECTS

BECAUSE THEY ARE LOCATED OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS.

PROTONS CANNOT MOVE FROM ONE OBJECT TO

ANOTHER BECAUSE THEY ARE TIGHTLY HELD IN THE
NUCLEUS.
 WHEN ELECTRONS ARE
TRANSFERRED OR AN OBJECT
LOSES AND ELECTRON, THE
OBJECT BECOMES POSITIVELY
CHARGED.

Positively charged
WHEN AN OBJECT
GAINS OR AQUIRES
ELECTRONS, THE
OBJECT BECOMES
NEGATIVELY
CHARGED.
WHEN AN OBJECT DOES NOT
GAIN NOR LOSE ELECTRONS, THE
OBJECT HAS A NEUTRAL CHARGE.
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF
CHARGES
“CHARGES CANNOT BE CREATED NOR
DESTROYED, BUT CAN BE TRANSFERRED
FROM ONE MATERIAL TO ANOTHER. THE
TOTAL CHARGE OF THE SYSTEM MUST
REMAIN CONSTANT.
RUBBING TWO OBJECTS
TOGETHER MAKES THEM
ELECTRICALLY CHARGED.
AN OBJECT CAN BE POSITIVELY
CHARGED, NEGATIVELY CHARGED
OR NEUTRALLY CHARGED.
WHEN CHARGED
PARTICLES COME
NEAR EACH
OTHER,
THERE EXISTS A FORCE
 FORCE

ATTRANCTION/REPULSION
 FORCE OF ATTRACTION
A FORCE THAT PULLS OBJECTS TOGETHER.
THIS HAPPEN BETWEEN TWO UNLIKE CHARGES, SO A NEGATIVELY CHARGED
OBJECT IS ATTRACTED TO A POSITIVELY CHARGED OBJECT.
 FORCE OF REPULSION
A FORCE THAT PUSHES OBJECTS APART FROM EACH OTHER.
THIS HAPPENS BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS THAT HAVE LIKE OR THE SAME
CHARGES.
 LAW OF CHARGES

“OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACTS, AND LIKE

CHARGES REPEL”
CHARGING PROCESSES

FRICTION

CONDUCTION

INDUCTION
 CHARGING BY FRICTION
CAN OCCUR BY RUBBING TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
WHEN OBJECTS ARE RUBBED TOGETHER, THE
ELECTRONS FROM ONE SURFACE OF ON THE OBJECT
MOVES TO THE SURFACE OF THE OTHER.
IT GIVES A POSTIVE CHARGE TO ONE SUBSTANCE AND A
NEGATIVE CHARGETO THE OTHER.
WHEN A BALLOON IS RUBBED
AGAINST HAIR, IT TAKES SOME
OF THE HAIR’S ELECTRONS.
THE BALLOON BECOMES
NEGATIVELY CHARGED.
HAIR BECOMES POSITIVELY
CHARGED.
 When you rub a balloon against your
hair, electrons from the atoms that
make up your hair transfer to the
balloon, which makes your hair
positively charged due to electron
loss. The balloon becomes negatively
charged due to electron gain. When
you hold the balloon several
centimeters from your head, your hair
stands up due to the attraction
between the two opposite charges.
 HOW WOULD YOU
KNOW IF AN OBJECT
WILL EITHER LOSE
OR GAIN
ELECTRONS?
TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES

An arrangement of
materials or substances
according to their ability to
gain or lose electrons.
Loses electrons and
becomes positively
charged.

Gains electrons and

becomes negatively
charged.
The farther the materials
are from each other in the
series, the stronger is the
electrical force of
attraction.
 CHARGING BY CONDUCTION

HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED FROM

ONE MATERIAL RO ANOTHER BY DIRECT CONTACT.
INVOLVES THE DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT OF A
CHARGED OBJECT TO A NEUTRAL OBJECT.
 Electrons transfer to the
object making it the same
d
ge charge.
ar
ch
ely
tiv
ga
ne

--------
--------
--------
--------

becomes negatively charged

 CONDUCTORS
MATERIALS THAT ALLOW ELECTRONS TO FLOW FREELY
ARE CALLED CONDUCTORS
METALS- ARE GOOD CONDUCTRS (SILVER, COPPER, AND
ALUMINUM)
 INSULATORS

MATERIALS THAT DO NOT ALLOW ELECTRONS TO EASILY

FLOW THROUGH THEM ARE CALLED INSULATORS.
EXAMPLES: GLASS, PLASTIC, WOOD, AND RUBBER
 CHARGING BY INDUCTION
A CHARGING PROCESS WHERE AN OBJECT CAN BE
CHARGED WITHOUT ACTUAL CONTACT WITH ANY
CHARGED OBJECT.
CREATES A TEMPORARY AND OPPOSITE CHARGE IN THAT
OTHER OBJECT WITH NO CONTACT.
REMEMBER!

“LIKE CHARGES
REPEL, AND UNLIKE
CHARGES ATTRACT”
 THANK YOU!
REFERENCE:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=FTCBMO3KknA