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MST 2 Consti
MST 2 Consti
MST 2 Consti
1. Initiation of Amendment:
a) Only Parliament can initiate a Constitution amendment.
b) The process begins with a bill introduced in either House of Parliament.
2. Introduction and Approval:
a) The bill can be introduced by a minister or a private member.
b) No prior permission from the President is needed.
c) It must be approved by a special majority in each House:
i. A majority of the total members of the House.
ii. A two-thirds majority of members present and voting.
3. Separate Approval:
a) Each House must pass the bill separately.
b) No provision for a joint sitting if there's a disagreement.
4. Ratification by States (if applicable):
a) If amending federal provisions, it needs ratification by half of the states.
b) Ratification requires a simple majority in state legislatures.
5. Assent by the President:
a) After approval by Parliament and states (if needed), the bill goes to the President.
b) The President must give assent; no withholding or sending it back.
6. Becoming an Act:
a) Once the President assents, the bill becomes a constitutional amendment act.
b) The Constitution is amended accordingly.
Types of Amendments
Article 368 of the Indian Constitution outlines three ways to amend its provisions: