KARL MARX

GROUP 4
Learning Objectives
LEARN ABOUT KARL MARX'S
PROFILE.
EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS KARL
MARX THEORIES.
UNDERSTAND WRITTEN
WORKS OF KARL MARX.
DIFFERENTIATE MARXISM
FROM COMMUNISM.
PROFILE OF KARL MARX
Born: May 05,1818 Trier, Germany
Nationality: German, Prussian
Education: University of Bonn, University of Berlin, University of Jena
(phD, 1841)
Children: Eleanor Aveling, Henry Edward Guy Marx, Laura Marx, Jenny
Marx Languuet, Eedgar Marx, Jenny Eveline Frances Marx.
Spouse: Jenny Von Westphalen (M- 1843-1881)
Parents: Heinrich Marx (Father)
Henriette Pressburg (Mother)
Influence By: Georg wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Engels, Immanuel
Kant, Aristotle, and more.
Famous Work: The Communist Manifesto, Das Kapital
Died: March 14,1883
Karl Marx's
Theories
Exploitation and Surplus Value
In his book "Das Kapital," Marx divides society into
two classes: capitalists (business owners) and the
proletariat (workers). Capitalists exploit workers
because they pay them less than the value they
actually produce. This difference between what
workers produce and what they get paid is called
surplus value and it's the source of capitalist profits
 Labor Theory of Value
This theory stated that the value of a produced
economic good can be measured objectively
by the average number of labor hours required
to produce it. In other words, if a table takes
twice as long to make as a chair, then the table
should be considered twice as valuable.
 Historical Materialism
A principle that was associated with Marx and
Engel. Historical Materialism seeks to
understand how society developed and changed
over time. It also points out how factors of
production influence the development of
societies and how this leads to social conflict.
What is Karl Marx's Main Theory?

Karl Marx's main theory revolves around

the notion and critique of capitalism. He
believed that the system would lead
oppressed workers to overthrow the
owners.
Karl
Marx's
Written
Works
 Critique of Hegel's The German Ideology (1845-
01. 05.
Philosophy of Right (1843) 1846, published posthumously)

Manifesto of the Communist

02. On the Jewish Question (1843) 06. Party (1848, with Friedrich
Engels)

Economic and Philosophic Wage-Labor and Capital

03. 07.
Manuscripts of 1844 (1844) (1849)

Theses on Feuerbach (1845)

04. 08. The Poverty of Philosophy
(1847)
 Das Kapital, Volume I: Capital: Das Kapital, Volume III (1894,
09. 13.
A Critique of Political Economy posthumously)
(1867)

Notes on Adolph Wagner (1883,

The Civil War in France 14
10. posthumously)
(1871)

11. Critique of the Gotha 15. Early Writings (various dates)

Programme (1875)

Das Kapital, Volume II (1885,

12.
posthumously)
Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
written in 1843

Marx critically examines Hegel's philosophy, asserting that

historical materialism, rather than idealism, should be the basis for
understanding societal development.

On the Jewish Question

written in 1843

Marx delves into the issue of Jewish emancipation, arguing for

secularism and critiquing both religious and political forms of
oppression.
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
written in 1844

In this early work, Marx explores the concept of alienation under

capitalism, emphasizing the dehumanizing effects of labor and the
need for social change.

Theses on Feuerbach
written in 1845

Marx presents eleven concise theses criticizing the idealist

philosophy of Feuerbach and advocating for a more materialist
approach to understanding society.
 The German Ideology
(1845-1846, published posthumously)

this work critiques various German philosophers and lays the

groundwork for Marx's materialist conception of history, emphasizing
the role of material conditions in shaping human society.

Wage-Labor and Capital

written in 1849

Marx discusses the relationship between labor and capital,

arguing that capitalism inherently exploits workers by paying them
less than the value they produce.
 The Poverty of Philosophy
written in 1847

Marx responds to Proudhon's ideas on socialism and economics,

criticizing his reliance on bourgeois economic theories and
advocating for a more revolutionary approach to social change.

The Civil War in France

written in 1871

Marx reflects on the Paris Commune, praising it as a revolutionary

experiment in proletarian democracy and critiquing the violent
suppression of the Commune by the ruling class.
 Critique of the Gotha Programme
written in 1875

Marx critiques the program of the German Social Democratic

Party, arguing for a more radical approach to socialism and
critiquing the party's reformist tendencies.

Notes on Adolph Wagner

1883, posthumously

Marx's critical notes on the works of economist Adolph Wagner,

providing insights into his views on contemporary economic
debates.
 Das Kapital
Karl Marx and published in three volumes between 1867 and 1894

The full title is "Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie" (Capital:
Critique of Political Economy)

It provides a critical analysis of capitalism, uncovering its inherent

contradictions and exploitative nature.

Volume I: Capital: Critique of Political Economy (1867), Volume II:

The Process of Circulation of Capital (1885), and Volume III: The
Process of Capitalist Production as a Whole (1894).
 THE VOLUMES OF DAS KAPITAL
Volume I : Capital: Volume II: The Process of Volume III: The Process of
Critique of Political Circulation of Capital Capitalist Production as a
Economy (1867) (1885) Whole (1894)
Marx's magnum opus, Marx's analysis of Marx's analysis of
where he analyzes the capitalism, focusing capitalism, exploring
capitalist mode of on the circulation of the dynamics of
production, exploring capital and the role of capitalist production as
concepts such as surplus credit and finance in a whole, including the
value, commodity capitalist economies. role of competition and
fetishism, and the monopoly.
accumulation of capital.
 Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and published in 1848

The historical development of society as a struggle between classes

Marx and Engels predict that capitalism will eventually lead to its own
downfall due to inherent contradictions, such as overproduction and
economic crises.

Overall, the Communist Manifesto serves as a foundational text of

communist thought, advocating for the overthrow of capitalism and the
establishment of a classless society based on common ownership of
the means of production.
CONTEMPORARY
INFLUENCE
 WHAT IS
MARXISM?
According to the Economic Times, Marxism is a
social, economic, and political theory named after
the 19th-century German philosopher and
economist Karl Marx and was formulated by him
together with Fredrich Engels in their work, ‘The
Communist Manifesto', which examines how the
ruling class affects the working class and how this
leads to an unequal distribution of advantages and
riches in society.
WHAT IS
CAPITALISM?
Capitalism is an economic system in which
private actors own and control property in
accordance with their interests and demand
and supply freely set prices in markets in a
way that can serve the best interests of
society, and its essential feature is the motive
to make a profit.
 the
Bourgeoisie
The two
divisions in the
Capitalist Society
the
Proletariats
 MARXISM
VS.
COMMUNISM
Marxism is the framework by which
such a state is developed, while
communism is the realization of a
stateless society where all are
equal.
In simple words, Communism is
the practical implementation of
the Marxism theory.
 Conclusion
In summary, Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill recognized
the industrial progress of their era but also highlighted the
hardships faced by the working class. While some sought
reforms to address economic instability, Marx's
perspective centered on the inherent flaws of capitalism
and the inevitability of its downfall, emphasizing the
importance of understanding historical laws of change.
 THANK
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