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Genchem 2 Module 6
Genchem 2 Module 6
Genchem 2 Module 6
General Chemistry 2
Quarter 2- Week 2 (Module 6)
Phase Diagram of Water
and Carbon Dioxide
1
General Chemistry 2 (SHS-STEM) Quarter 2 – Week 2 (Module 6): Phase Diagram of
Water and Carbon Dioxide
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Tomasa R. Camu
Ronaldo C. Reyes
Noel V. Ibis
2
LESSON
PHASE DIAGRAM OF WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE
INTRODUCTION
Good
I’m so excited for you! Let’s learn together!
luck andlet’s have an awesome journey as you
go through the different activities in this module!
3
In this module, you wi ll interpret the phase diagram of water
and carbon dioxide. Read on and perform the activities prepared for
you.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
PRE-TEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. On a phase diagram, when you cross the line from solid to liquid, what process has occurred?
a. Melting c. Condensation
b. Vaporization d. Sublimation
2. For water, how are pressure and boiling point related?
a. The greater the pressure, the lower the boiling point
b. The lower the pressure, the higher the boiling point
c. The greater the pressure, the higher the boiling point
d. All answers are incorrect.
3. What is happening at the triple point on a phase diagram?
a. Solid, liquid and gas exist at equilibrium
4
b. Only gas and liquid exist at equilibrium
c. Only solid and liquid exist equilibrium
d. Only solid and gas exist at equilibrium
4. In what phase does the substance exist at 20°C and 1 atm pressure? Refer to the phase
diagram below.
a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
d. None of the above.
a. Melting or freezing
b. Vaporization or condensation
5
c. Sublimation or deposition
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Elicit
Phase changes are transformations of matter from one physical state to another.
They occur when energy (usually in the form of heat) is added or removed from a substance.
Can you recall the types of phase changes?
Fill-out the diagram with the correct
types of
phase changes that you know.
6
1.
3. 5.
Your prior knowledge is
the key! You can also
use your previous notes
and references at home
4. 6. to complete the
diagram.
2.
Figure 1. Phase Changes Diagram
Let’s do this!
Activity: Concept Matching
7
Draw a line matching the word to
definition.
its
Evaporation • The change of the physical state of mater from gas to liquid. The
opposite of evaporation.
Freezing • The state of matter with a set volume but
set no
shape.
Liquid • The change of the physical state of matter from solid directly to
gas. The opposite of deposition.
Matter
• The change of the physical state of matter from gas directly to
Mass solid. The opposite of sublimation.
• Anythingthat both occupies space and has mass.
Melting
• The amount of space an object occupies.
Phase Change
• Measure of increasing kinetic energy from solid to liquid to gas.
Plasma
• The state of matter with a set volume and a set shape.
Pressure
• The change of the physical state of matter from
liquidato a gas.
Solid The opposite of condensation.
• The amount of matter contained in an object.
Sublimation • Highly ionized (charged) gases that exist at high temperatures.
Temperature • The change of the physical state of matter from solid to liquid. The
opposite of freezing.
Volume
• The change of the physical state of matter from liquid to solid. The
opposite of melting.
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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
Explore
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Figure 2: General Phase Diagram
Step 1. A phase diagram has three areas marked solid, liquid and vapour. A substance
would be a solid if it falls into the area of the solid in the phase diagram. To make this point even
clearer, color the three areas with three different-colored crayons. Make sure to make each area
as distinct as possible to the other areas.
11
Color like a pro! Can
you now see which
area falls to the solid,
liquid and vapour
phase?
Step 2. A phase diagram has three lines (curves). They serve as boundaries between
physical states and they represent the combinations of pressures and temperatures at which two
phases can exist in equilibrium. Draw/ color the lines based on the following key points:
a. The green line divides the solid and liquid phases;
b. The blue line divides the liquid and gas phases;
c. The red line divides the solid and gas phases.
Step 3. A phase diagram has two important points, the triple point and the critical point.
Label and darken these two points on the diagram using a pen.
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• The triple point is the combination of pressure and temperature at which all three
phases of matter are at equilibrium. It is the point on a phase diagram at which the
three states of matter coexist.
• The critical point terminates the liquid/gas phase line. It is the set of temperature
and pressure on a phase diagram where the liquid and gaseous phases of a
substance merge together into a single phase.
Step 4. Aside from the features, you can also determine the normal melting and boiling
points in the phase diagram. The normal melting and boiling points are those when the pressure
is 1 atmosphere. Using a ruler and a pen, locate the normal melting and boiling point.
Units of pressure:
• 1 atm = 101325
Pa (pascal)
• 1 atm = 760 torr (mmHg)
1 atm
13
1. What are the features of a phase diagram?
Use what you have
discovered in the
Explain previous activity to
answer these
questions.
Questions:
a. __________________________________
b.__________________________________
c. __________________________________
2. Where is the solid phase in the phase diagram? The liquid phase? The gas phase?
______________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________
3. How were you able to show the three lines (curves) in the phase diagram? What do these
lines represent?
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
4. How will you differentiate the two important points in the phase diagram?
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
5. How did you locate the normal melting and boiling points in the phase diagram?
______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Mind map:
Construct a mind map of the different features of a phase diagram. Begin with the
features and map some descriptions of these features. What do they represent? How
can you describe these features?
14
Features of a Phase Diagram
Here’s an example of a
mind map. You can
always count on me!
15
Fantastic! You’re really impressing me! Take
note of what you just learned because we
will use them as we go to the next activities.
xoxo
Elaborate
Phase diagrams are plots of pressure (usually in atmospheres) versus temperature (usually in
degrees Celsius or Kelvin). The diagram is divided into three areas: solid, liquid and gaseous
states. The boundary between the liquid and gaseous regions stop at point C, the critical
temperature for the substance. The labels on the graph represent the stable states of a system in
equilibrium.
Melting (or freezing) curve – the curve on a phase diagram which represents the transition
between liquid and solid states. It shows the effect of pressure on the melting point of the
solid. Anywhere on this line, there is equilibrium between the solid and the liquid.
16
Vaporization (or condensation) curve – the curve on a phase diagram which
represents the transition between gaseous and liquid states. It shows the effect of pressure
on the boiling point of the liquid. Anywhere along this line, there will be equilibrium between
the liquid and the vapor.
Beyond the temperature of the critical point, the merged single phase is known as a
supercritical fluid.
17
The temperature and pressure corresponding to this are known as the critical temperature
and critical pressure.
If the pressure on a gas (vapor) is increased at a temperature lower than the critical
temperature, the liquid vapor equilibrium line will eventually be crossed and the vapor will
condense to give a liquid.
18
What can you say about the phase diagram?
What can you say about water? What is
distinct about it?
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The Phase Diagram for Water
For water, the melting point gets lower at higher pressures. This is because solid ice is less
dense than liquid water. This phenomenon is caused by the crystal structure of the solid
phase. In the solid forms of water and some other substances, the molecules crystallize in a
lattice with greater average space between molecules, thus resulting in a solid occupying a
larger volume and consequently with a lower density than the liquid. When it melts, the
liquid water formed occupies a smaller volume
ice ⇋ water
An increase in pressure will move the above equilibrium to the side with the smaller
volume. Liquid water is produced. To make the liquid water freeze again at this higher
pressure, the temperature should be reduced. Higher pressures mean lower melting
(freezing) points.
Figure 12.1: Phase Diagram of
Carbon Dioxide 17
Extend We’re almost there!
In case you want to challenge yourself, here’s
something we can do to extend the concepts and skills in
new situations.
Evaluate
Interpreting Phase
a Diagram
Refer to the following phase diagram of a certain substance to answer the following
questions.
Based from the phase diagrams of water and carbon dioxide, answer the following
questions and justify your answers:
1. You have ice at 263 K (-10.0 °C) and 1.0 atm. What could you do to make the ice sublime?
2. A sample of dry ice (solid CO2) is cooled to 173 K (-100.0 °C), and is set on a table at room
temperature (298 K; 25 °C). At what temperature is the rate of sublimation and deposition the
same (assume that pressure is held constant at 1 atm)?
I am so proud of your success!
We hope you learned about phase
diagrams of water and carbon dioxide.
REFLECT
____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
____________
VOCABULARY LIST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
POST-TEST
2. What is the curve on the phase diagram which represents the transition between the
liquid and solid state?
a. Melting (or freezing) curve
b. Vaporization (or condensation) curve
c. Sublimation (or deposition) curve
d. Critical point
3. When a line is drawn across pressure at 1atm in a general phase diagram, what can
be located?
a. Supercritical fluid
b. Critical temperature and critical pressure
c. Normal melting and boiling points
d. Triple and critical point
4. In what phase does the substance exist at 36°C and 1 atm pressure? Refer to the
phase diagram below.
a. Solid
b. Liquid
c. Gas
d. None of the above.
5. Below is a phase diagram of carbon dioxide. What processes are observed at
253.2K and 11 atm?
a. Melting or freezing
b. Vaporization or
condensation
c. Sublimation or
deposition
11
253.2
• PRE-TEST • POST-TEST
A 1. B
C 2. A
A 3. C
A 4. B
C 5. B
• EXPLORE
Please refer to the figures below.
• EXPLAIN
Questions:
What are the features of a phase diagram?
The Three Areas
Three Lines (Curves)
Two Important Points
Where is the solid phase in the phase diagram? The liquid phase? The gas
phase?
How were you able to show the three lines (curves) in the phase diagram? What do these
lines represent?
By using three different colored pens. The lines that serve as boundaries
between physical states represent the combinations of pressures and temperatures
at which two phases can exist in equilibrium. In other words, these lines define phase
change points.
How will you differentiate the two important points in the phase diagram?
The triple point is the combination of pressure and temperature at which all
three phases of matter are at equilibrium. It is the point on a phase diagram at which
the three states of matter coexist. The lines that represent the conditions of
solidliquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-vapor equilibrium meet at the triple point. It is a
unique combination of temperature and pressure where all three phases are in
equilibrium together.
The critical point terminates the liquid/gas phase line. It is the set of
temperature and pressure on a phase diagram where the liquid and gaseous phases
of a substance merge together into a single phase.
How did you locate the normal melting and boiling points in the phase diagram?
The normal melting and boiling points can be found from the phase diagram
by drawing a line across pressure at 1 atm.
• ELABORATE
Critical Analysis
Learners’ answers may vary. Refer to Elaborate discussion.
There is only one difference between the phase diagram for water and the
other phase diagrams discussed. The solid-liquid equilibrium line (the melting point
curve) slopes backwards rather than forwards.
The only thing special about this phase diagram is the position of the triple
point, which is well above atmospheric pressure. It is impossible to get any liquid
carbon dioxide at pressures less than 5.2 atmospheres.
• EXTEND
Constructing a Phase Diagram Expected
answers:
1-Solid, 2-Liquid, 3-Gas, Point T-triple point, Point C-critical point
Super-critical fluid
Melt at around 180 K and become a liquid at 250 K.
Both liquid and vapor exist.
Both solid and liquid exist.
• EVALUATE
Interpreting a Phase Diagram Expected
answers: liquid 0.5 atm and ≈28 °C
32 °C
liquid and vapor (gas)
Guides:
Teaching Guide for Senior High School in General Chemistry 2
Published by the Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the
Philippine Normal University, 2016
nline Sources:
Content
Date accessed: July 2, 2020
Chem.libretexts.org
Socratic.org
Chemistry.bd.psu.edu
Courses.lumenlearning.com
Study.com
Tes.com
Images
Date accessed: July 4, 2020
https://wallup.net/science-anime-girls-chemistry/
https://www.google.com/search?q=Phase+changes+diagram
https://www.google.com/search?q=stage+light+effect+with+fog
https://www.google.com/search?q=LPG
https://www.google.com/search?q=el+nino+philippines
https://www.google.com/search?q=Cold https://www.google.com/search?q=Pressure
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https://www.google.com/search?q=mind+map+on+science
https://www.google.com/chemistryicons