Measurements and instrumentation Question Bank

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Question Bank
2 Marks and 16 Marks
UNIT-1
1. List out the dynamic characteristics oI any measurement system.
2. What are the types oI error measurement system?
3. What are the static characteristics important?
4. What is standard? What are the diIIerent types oI standard?
5. What is the Iunction oI manipulation element in a measurement system?
6. What are the primary standards? Where are they used?
7. What is primary sensing element?
8. What is calibration?
9. DeIine the terms precision and sensitivity?
10. DeIine static error.
11. Distinguish re-productibility and repeatability.
12. Show the block diagram indicating Iunctional elements oI measurement system.
13. Distinguish between zero driIt and span driIt.
14. DeIine a dynamic response oI an instrument.
15. What are the diIIerent calibration methodologies?
16. DeIine limiting errors and instrumental errors.
17. Mention any Iour static characteristics oI measuring instruments.
18. Distinguish between direct and indirect methods oI measurements.
19. What is the signiIicance oI calibration?
20. What is meant by accuracy and precision oI an instrument?
21. List the diIIerent types oI possible errors in measurements.
22. What is the diIIerence between analog and digital instrument?
23. What are absolute instruments?
24. What is a secondary instrument?
25. How are secondary instruments classiIied?
16 Marks
1. Draw the block diagram showing the basic Iunctional elements oI an instrument and explain the Iunctions oI each.
2. DeIine limiting errors. Derive the expression Ior relative limiting errors.
3. Explain in detail calibration techniques and draw the calibration curve in general.
4. Give the methods oI using any three standard inputs being used Ior analyzing the dynamic response oI system with neat
sketches.
5. Explain on the static and dynamic characteristics oI a measurement system.
6. Describe in detail the diIIerent types oI dynamic errors in a measurement system.
7. By using a micro meter screw the Iollowing readings were taken oI a certain physical length

UNIT -II
2 Marks
1. What is creeping and how it is prevented?
2. What is the working principle oI wattmeter employed in measuring instruments?
3. How are the analog instruments classiIied on the basis oI method used Ior comparing the unknown quantity?
4. Give the advantages oI moving iron meters.
5. What are diIIerent methods oI measurement oI Irequency in the power Irequency range?
6. Explain why it is necessary to make the potential coil circuit purely resistive in wattmeters.
7. What are the advantages oI digital instruments over analog instruments?
8. How are resistors are checked using digital multimeters?
9. What is auto ranging?
10. DeIine resolution oI DVM.
11. What are volt-ampere hour and watt-hour?
12. What is the purpose oI instrument transIormers?
13. What are the various principles oI analog type electrical instruments?
14. Give the importance oI iron loss measurements.
15. What is the reason Ior using MI on both A.C and D.C?
16. What is the precaution to be Iollowed while using current transIormer?
17. What is transIer instrument?
18. Why the PMMC instrument is not used Ior a.c measurements?
19. What is the principle oI ramp type digital voltmeter?
20. Which torque is absent in energy meter? Why?
21. Explain the purpose oI Schmitt trigger in digital Irequency meter.
22. What are the essential parts oI a ramp type digital voltmeter?
23. DeIine nominal rate oI instrument transIormer.
24. Explain the Iollowing term as applied to digital displays 3 digit and 4- digit display.
25. Explain the principle oI digital phase meter.

16 Marks
1. Derive the torque equation oI electrodynamometer type instrument.
2. Explain with neat circuit diagram the working oI successive approximation type DVM.
3. Draw the circuit diagram oI digital phase meter and explain its working.
4. Give the construction and principle oI operation oI single phase induction type energy meter.
5. Describe the construction and Iunctioning oI mechanical type Irequency meter.
6. Explain the Iunctioning oI Ferro-dynamic type electrical resonance Irequency meter.
7. Describe the construction and working oI PMMC instrument. Derive the equation Ior deIlection iI the instruments are spring
controlled.
8. Derive the torque equation Ior an electro dynamometer type oI wattmeter.
9. Write brieIly with neat Iigures on (i) Principle oI operation oI a current transIormer (ii) B-H curve analysis oI a magnetic
circuit.
10. Explain the working oI moving iron instruments.
11. Explain the Iunction oI 3 phase energy meter and wattmeter.
12. How the range oI d.c. Ammeter and d.c voltmeter can be extended? Derive the expressions to calculate shunt resistance and
multiplier resistance.
13. Draw and explain the circuit diagram oI digital Irequency meter.
14. Explain the working oI a digital multimeter with a schematic block diagram.
15. Explain the construction, working principle oI a three-phase wattmeter. What is the importance oI deIlecting torque in these
analog instruments?

UNIT-3

2 Marks
1. State the advantages oI using the bridge circuits Ior the measurement.
2. What is the sensitivity oI Wheat stone bridge?
3. What are the sources oI errors in Wheat stone bridge?
4. Give the application and limitations oI Wheat stone bridge.
5. Which measurement can be carried out by Maxwell bridge?
6. List the advantages oI using standard capacitor in Maxwell bridge.
7. Give the advantage and limitations oI Maxwell bridge.
8. What is Hay`s bridge?
9. Compare Hay`s bridge with Maxwell bridge.
10. What is Wien`s bridge?
11. Give the classiIication oI external interIerence signals.
12. What is capacitance interIerence?
13. What is electrostatic shielding?
14. What is inductive interIerence?
15. State the method oI reducing inductive interIerence.
16. What is electromagnetic interIerence?
17. State the sources oI EM waves, which can cause interIerence.
18. State the method oI reducing ground loop interIerence.
19. What is the standardization oI potentiometer?
20. Write the application oI d.c. Potentiometers.
21. Write the application oI a.c. potentiometers.

16 Marks
1. Derive the bridge balance condition Ior the Maxwell bridge and Schering bridge
2. Explain in detail about the laboratory type DC potentio meter.
3. Describe about the multiple earth and earth loops.
4. Explain the diIIerent techniques oI grounding.
5. Describe the circuit oI Kelvin double bridge used Ior measurement oI low resistance.
6. Explain how the inductance is measured in terms oI known capacitance using Maxwell`s bridge.
7. Explain the working oI Schering bridge.
8. Which bridge is used to measure Irequency and explain the measurement procedure?
9. With neat diagram explain in detail about Hay bridge.
10. Explain about the Anderson bridge.

UNIT-4

2 Marks
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages oI FM method oI magnetic tape recording?
2. What are the diIIerent types oI ampliIiers used Ior CRO`s?
3. Give the principle oI LCD type display device.
4. Draw a neat diagram on X-Y recorder.
5. Write two advantages oI LED on electronic displays.
6. What are the advantages oI magnetic tape recorder?
7. What is isolation probe?
8. State the Ieatures oI ink-jet printers.
9. What are the various methods oI recording data?
10. In what way line printers are advantages over dot matrix printer?
11. What are the diIIerent types oI magnetic recording?
12. What are the diIIerent materials used on LED?
13. What are data loggers?
14. What are the Iunctions oI data loggers?
15. What are the basic components oI data loggers?
16. List the advantages oI LCD.
17. What is the sweeper in oscilloscope?
18. List the controllers normally Iound on XY recorder.
19. What is a recorder? How are the classiIied?
20. DeIine the deIlection sensitivity oI CRT.
21. List the main parts oI cathode ray tube.
22. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages oI PDM recording.
23. What is the basic operating principle oI digital tape recording?
24. What are the basic components oI a tape recorder?
25. What are the advantages oI LCD over LED?
16 Marks
1. Explain the FM method oI magnetic tape recording and explain its advantages and disadvantages.
2. Describe the principle oI working and circuit diagram oI a digital oscilloscope.
3. With neat Iigure explain the working principle oI a digital CRO. What are its advantages oI analog CRO.
4. Explain in detail how the data stored in magnetic disk and tape.
5. Describe the construction and working oI LCD`s , mention the diIIerence between light scattering and Iield eIIect types oI
LCD`s also explain the advantages oI LCDs.
6. Discuss in detail about various types oI recorders.
7. Discuss in detail about dot matrix displays.
8. Explain the various methods oI magnetic recording.
9. Describe the pulse duration modulation (PDM) as used in magnetic tape recording and explain its merits and demerits.
10. With neat Iigure explain the construction and working principle oI a digital storage oscilloscope. Compare its advantages over
an analog CRO.


UNIT-5
1.) 2 Marks
1. DeIine transducer.
2. Mention some advantages oI electrical transducers.
3. Mention some basic requirements oI a transducer.
4. What are the classiIications oI transducers?
5. What is primary transducer?
6. What is secondary transducer?
7. What is active transducer? Mention some example.
8. What is passive transducer? Mention some example.
9. What is analog and digital transducers?
10. What is inverse transducer?
11. What are the types oI potentiometers?
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages oI potentiometers?
13. DeIine strain gauges.
14. DeIine gauge Iactor.
15. Mention types oI strain gauge.
16. What is resistance thermometer?
17. What are the advantages and disadvantages oI resistance thermometers?
18. What is thermistor? State the advantage and disadvantages.
19. What is inductive transducer?
20. Mention some advantages and disadvantages oI LVDT.
21. Mention the applications oI LVDT.
22. What is the basic principle oI capacitive transducer?
23. Mention some advantages and disadvantages oI capacitive transducer.
24. What is piezo electric eIIect?
25. What are the materials used Ior piezo electric transducer?
26. What are the types oI DAS? State the applications also.
27. What are the essential Iunctions oI digital DAC?
28. What are the types oI ADC?
29. What are the types oI DAC?
30. What is smart sensor? Mention some applications.



2.) 16 Marks
1. How the transducers are classiIied on the basis oI principle oI operation?
2. Explain the generalized diagram oI a digital data acquisition system?
3. Describe the diIIerent modes oI operation oI piezo electric transducers.
4. Describe in details the successive approximation method oI ADC.
5. Describe the diIIerent principles oI working oI capacitive transducers.
6. Explain the construction and principle oI working oI a LVDT.
7. Explain about the thermistor and thermocouples.
8. Discuss R-2R ladder type DAC.
9. Explain the resistive transducer with respective potentiometer.
10. Explain the principle oI operation oI piezo electric transducer.
11. Discuss in detail about optical encoder, Resistive encoder and shaIt encoder.
12. Explain in detail about ADC and DAC converters.



3.) 16 Marks
1. How the transducers are classiIied on the basis oI principle oI operation?
2. Explain the generalized diagram oI a digital data acquisition system?
3. Describe the diIIerent modes oI operation oI piezo electric transducers.
4. Describe in details the successive approximation method oI ADC.
5. Describe the diIIerent principles oI working oI capacitive transducers.
6. Explain the construction and principle oI working oI a LVDT.
7. Explain about the thermistor and thermocouples.
8. Discuss R-2R ladder type DAC.
9. Explain the resistive transducer with respective potentiometer.
10. Explain the principle oI operation oI piezo electric transducer.
11. Discuss in detail about optical encoder, Resistive encoder and shaIt encoder.
12. Explain in detail about ADC and DAC converters.