CHEMISTRY 2.

An assessment for AS91166

Demonstrate understanding of chemical reactivity

Credits: Four

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer ALL questions

© New Zealand Institute of Chemistry 2017

This assessment is licensed only for use in the School that has purchased it.
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You should aim to spend about 45 minutes on this assessment
Question One

Zinc metal, Zn(s), is reacted with 1.00 mol L–1 sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq). Bubbles of hydrogen gas,
H2(g), are observed. The equation for the reaction is shown below:
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)  ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

(a) Describe how the rate of this reaction could be measured.

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(b) Explain how the rate of reaction changes when zinc is added to 0.500 mol L–1 sulfuric acid
instead of the 1.00 mol L–1 acid.
Refer to collision theory in your answer.
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(c) The rate of the reaction between the zinc and sulfuric acid can be increased by adding a small
amount of copper metal, Cu(s).
State the role of the copper metal and explain how it increases the rate of the reaction.
Refer to collision theory and activation energy in your answer.
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(d) The initial experiment with zinc metal and 1.00 mol L–1 H2SO4 is repeated, using the same
mass and type of zinc and the same volume of acid. However, this time the reaction mixture is
heated.
Compare and contrast these two reactions by
 describing similarities and differences in the observations
 explaining the differences using collision theory.
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Question Two
(a) The equilibrium constant expression for a reaction is:
Write the equation for the reaction.
Kc = [CH3OH(l)]
[CO(g)][H2(g)]2

(b) Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl(g), is a yellow gas that forms an equilibrium with nitric oxide,
NO(g), and chlorine gas, Cl2(g), according to the following equation:
2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)
The value of the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this equilibrium, at 25 C, is 1.60 × 10–5.
(i) Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction.

Kc =

(ii) Circle the species that will be present in the highest concentration at 25 C.
NOCl NO Cl2
Give a reason for your answer.
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(iii) Calculate the concentration of nitrosyl chloride, NOCl(g), when the reaction has reached
equilibrium, at 25 C, given the concentration of NO(g) is 0.0115 mol L–1 and Cl2 is
0.0340 mol L–1.
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(c) (i) An aqueous solution containing the complex ions [Co(H2O)6]2+ is pink in colour while
the ions [CoCl4]2– cause the colour to be blue.
When concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a solution containing [Co(H2O)6]2+, a
purple colour is observed (the pink solution changes to a bluish colour) as the following
equilibrium is established:
[Co(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 4Cl–(aq) [CoCl4]2–(aq) + 6H2O(ℓ)
Give a reason for the change in colour on the addition of hydrochloric acid to the pink
solution and explain the effect on the colour of the solution when more of the acid is
added.
Use equilibrium principles in your answer.
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(ii) When the temperature of the equilibrium system is increased, the equilibrium constant
value, Kc, also increases.
Circle whether the forward reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
exothermic endothermic
Justify your choice, including the effect on the colour of the solution when the temperature
is increased.
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Question Three

(a) Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, is a weak acid.

(i) Write an equation to show ethanoic acid acting as a weak acid.

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(ii) Describe the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base using one conjugate
acid-base pair from the equation written in (i) above.
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(iii) A solution of ethanoic acid has a pH of 3.50.

Calculate the concentration of hydronium ions, H3O+, in this solution.

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(iv) Calculate the pH of a 0.125 mol L–1 solution of potassium hydroxide, KOH(aq).
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(b) Three solutions, labelled A, B and C, have the same concentration and are known to be
NH3(aq), NaOH(aq) and CH3COONa(aq). The properties of these solutions are shown in the
table below.
Solution A B C

pH 8.97 11.2 13.2

Electrical conductivity good poor good

(i) Use the information in the table above to identify each of the three solutions
Solution A is ___________________

Solution B is ___________________

Solution C is ___________________

(ii) Justify your choice for each solution. In your answer, you should
• refer to both pH and the electrical conductivity of the solutions
• link your answers to species present in solution.
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