Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Heritage Preservation

 Introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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 Indigenous perspective or Heritage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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 Collaborative Heritage Project_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

 Maintenance of Heritage Buildings & Sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

 Principles of Heritage Conservation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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 Repatriation and Cultural Sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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 GROUP 4

HERITAGE AND INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES

Heritage is the unique identity and history of any indigenous culture. Indigenous
Heritage refers to the belief system, life experience, knowledge, ideas, and valuable
places shared by people that belongs to indigenous culture. This heritage is passed
down from generation to generation over a long period of time. Indigenous people in
the Philippines belongs to different ethnic groups and resides in different part of our
country. There are more than hundreds of indigenous communities in our country and
about 61% resides in Mindanao, 33% in Luzon, and 6% are living in Visayas.
Indigenous peoples/communities holds a rich diversity of living Heritage such as
practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills that are still relevant and
provide significance to life on a daily basis. The usage and dissemination of this
heritage contributes to the ongoing vitality, strength and wellbeing of communities.
(Merlin-A)

For Indigenous Peoples, cultural heritage refers to ideas, experiences, objects, artistic
expressions, practices, knowledge, and places that are valued because they are
culturally meaningful, connected to shared memory, or linked to collective identity.
Indigenous cultural heritage cannot be separated from either Indigenous identity or
Indigenous life. Indigenous cultural heritage can be inherited from ancestors or it can be
created by people today as a legacy for future generations.(Pandes)

Indigenous cultural heritage is an inherent right since its associated practices and forms
of knowledge pre-date contact with Europeans. This inherent right exists outside of the
colonial frameworks that regulate and define state-sanctioned heritage that includes
laws, policies, and programs. Indigenous cultural heritage cannot be adequately
addressed without the full inclusion of Indigenous Peoples, perspectives, values, and
legal traditions. Indigenous Peoples have a right to identify our own cultural heritage,
interpret its meaning, and safeguard its value. We must also have a voice in shared
heritage the places and stories that are important to Canada and Canadians as a whole.
(Porio)
Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical
continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories,
consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing on those
territories, or parts of them.underpins our sense of identity and connects us to our past,
each other and the wider world. Indigenous peoples hold a rich diversity of living
heritage, including practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills that
continue to be relevant and provide meaning in everyday life.In the Philippines,
conserving unique biodiversity relies on the knowledge, innovations, and practices of
indigenous and local communities who live in direct contact with nature.(Pangilinan)

Heritage and indigenous communities are an integral part of our society, representing
the rich cultural diversity that exists around the world. These communities possess
unique traditions, languages, knowledge systems, and ways of life that have been
passed down through generations. However, they face numerous challenges such as
marginalization, loss of land rights, and cultural assimilation. It is crucial to recognize
and respect their heritage in order to preserve their identity and contribute to a more
inclusive society. The population census conducted in the Philippines in 2010 for the
first time included an ethnicity variable but no official figure for Indigenous Peoples has
been released yet. The country’s Indigenous population thus continues to be estimated
at between 10% and 20% of the national population of 100,981,437, based on the 2015
population census. (Fetalvero)

It is difficult to find a direct translation for cultural heritage in Indigenous languages. The
closest translations often relate to the sacred, or to knowing oneself. Indigenous
Peoples understand and describe cultural heritage according to their distinct
perspectives, traditions, and languages. For Indigenous Peoples, cultural heritage refers
to ideas, experiences, objects, artistic expressions, practices, knowledge, and places
that are valued because they are culturally meaningful, connected to shared memory, or
linked to collective identity. Indigenous cultural heritage cannot be separated from either
Indigenous identity or Indigenous life. Indigenous cultural heritage can be inherited from
ancestors or it can be created by people today as a legacy for future generations.
(SANTOS)

Indigenous Peoples/Indigenous Cultural Communities (IP/ICC) are groups of people

with shared language, customs, traditions, and territories. In the Philippines, a country
with abundant resources, rich history, diverse cultures, and ethno-linguistic groups,
about 12-15 million Filipinos are indigenous, accounting for 17-22% of the total
population in 1995. Also Indigenous communities in Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas,
consisting of over forty ethno-linguistic groups, have maintained a close link to their
ancestral past despite colonization. Despite being integrated into a single colony under
Spain, these communities maintained their culture and traditions through communal
views, rituals, songs, dances, and folklore. Each community had its own council of
elders to settle clan or tribal wars. (RELOJ)

The indigenous culture definition refers to native societies of various regions in the
world that existed before colonization occurred. Indigenous culture also describes native
peoples who were encountered during religious or trade expeditions. An indigenous
culture usually has ancestral traditions and deep historical connections to the land in
which generations of their people have lived. Indigenous cultures around the world have
clashed with the expansion of more powerful nations, more often during the Age of
Exploration. The Exploration period ushered in a new era of widespread colonialism in
North, Central, and South America by European nations. Most indigenous cultures do
not expand or claim other territories, differing from a colonial culture. (Sico)

CONTENT

Indigenous Perspective or Heritage:

Indigenous knowledge is traditional in that it informs technical means not as a separate
ethical mode but as the cosmological weave of storied knowledge, natural materials,
and a respect for beings-in-the-world that limits consumption. No doubt ethical
teachings emerged among indigenous peoples because there were those who
overstepped cultural boundaries. The examples given here are not descriptive of all
individuals within any one particular native community, nor of the diverse ways of
knowing, embodying technical skills, and implementing ethical teachings among
indigenous peoples. Yet there are shared indigenous perspectives, or family
resemblances, embodied in science, technology, and ethics as ways of living that arise
from the mutual dialogues of body, society, and place in the larger cosmological whole.
Indigenous people are frequently perceived as “politically weak, economically marginal,
and culturally stigmatized members of the national societies that have overtaken them
and their lands” (Dyck 1992, 1). Indigenous peoples continue to be seen as second-
class citizens due to a variety of factors, including the interruption of land tenure by
colonizing outsiders, the suppression of native languages by a dominant society
attempting to meld diverse cultures into a single, "homogenous," culture, the belief held
by their "conquerors" that Indigenous people are an inferior race, and the group's overall
social and economic marginalization.

Collaborative Heritage Project

Repatriation and Cultural Sensitivity