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TEXTILE TESTING
GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY

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TEXTILE TESTING MANUAL

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TEXTILE TESTING LAB MANUAL MSC CDF

Experiment - 1

Determination of Tensile strength of the given fabric

Aim
To measure the tensile strength of the given fabric by using texsile strength tester.
Apparatus
Tensile strength is the most important property of a fabric. In almost every fabric
development and manufacturing, tensile properties are reported. Modulus, breaking strength
and elongation at break are widely used for quality control. A tensile testing machine
working on one of the following principles is used.
a) Constant–rate–of–traverse (CRT)
b) Constant–rate–of–loading (CRL)
c) Constant–rate–of–extension (CRE)
The load range of the machine shall be such that all the observed values would lie between 20
and 80 percent of the full –scale load. There are different types of fabric tensile tests that are
used depending on the fabric and purpose: strip tensile test, grab tensile test and wide width
tensile test.
 In the strip tensile test, a narrow strip of fabric sample is used (ASTM D5035
Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics). The jaws of the tensile testing
machine, which are wider than the fabric sample, clamp the sample on both ends and
a tensile load is applied until fabric breaks. In the grab tensile test, the jaws are

narrower than the fabric width to reduce the effect of Poisson’s ratio (ASTM D5034
Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics).
 Grab tensile test is more widely used for heavy industrial fabrics such as geotextiles.
 Wide width tensile tests are also used mostly for industrial textiles (e.g. ASTM D4595
for geotextiles). Narrow fabrics such as webbings, ribbons, etc., are usually tested at
full width. Fabric modulus is measured using ASTM Test Method D 885.
Specifications of textile machines for tensile testing are described in ASTM D 76.
The terminology of tensile properties of textiles is given in ASTM D4848. Other ASTM test
methods related to tensile testing include:
 ASTM D 1775 Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide Elastic
Fabrics (Constant Rate-of-Load Type Tensile Testing Machine)
 ASTM D 4964 Tension/Elongation of Wide/Narrow Elastic Fabrics by Constant Rate
of Elongation Type Tensile Testing Machine
1 GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY

TEXTILE TESTING LAB MANUAL MSC CDF

Sampling
1. Test at least five warps way and five weft way test specimens.
2. As far as possible, only one test specimen shall be drawn from a piece in the test sample.
Incase the lot size is small, more than one test specimen may be drawn from a piece in the
test sample.
Calculations
1. Calculate the mean breaking load separately for warp way and weft way test
specimens.
2. Calculate the elongation at break separately for warp way and weft way test specimens
and calculate the mean percentage elongation at break as follows:
Formulae
Tensile strength = load at break/ (Original width x original thickness)
 % Elongation = (Elongation at rupture / gauge length ) x 100

Sl.No Breaking load Elongation scale Tensile strength % Elongation

For WARP
1
2
3

4
5
For WEFT
1
2
3
4
5

Result
Tensile stregth and Elongation % of the given fabric is identified and measured.
****************

2 GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY

TEXTILE TESTING LAB MANUAL MSC CDF

Experiment - 2

Determination of Stiffness of the given Fabrics

By cantilever principle test

Aim
To find out the stiffness of given fabric by using shirley stiffness tester.
Method
For the purpose of the test method, the following definitions shall be used.
1. Stiffness: Resistance of the fabric to bending.
2. Flexural Rigidity: This quantity is the measure of the resistance of cloth to bending by
external forces. It is related to the quality of stiffness that is, the cloth having a high
flexural rigidity tends to feel stiff.
3. Bending Length: Bending length equals half the length of a re ctangular strip of fabric that
3. Bending Length: Bending length equals half the length of a rectangular strip of fabric that
will bend under its own weight to an angle of 41.50. It is also equal to the length of a
rectangular strip of material that will bend under its own weight to an angle of 7.10. It is
expressed in centimetres.
Standards – IS 6490: 1971
This method is used for determination of stiffness of fabric made from any textile fibre or a
blend of two or more textile fibres. This method of test is not suitable for fabrics which are
very limp or which curl or twist badly when cut in to small pieces. In general, this method is
more suitable for testing woven fabrics than for testing knitted ones.

Preparation of Test Specimens

1. From the samples cut rectangular warp way and weft way test specimens of 25 mm × 200
mm size with the help of the template.

3 GOPALAKRISHNAN DURAISAMY
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