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‫موقع كووورة سجل نفسك كعضو!

‬ ‫مساعدة‬ ‫مواضيع نشطة‬ ‫األعضاء‬ ‫صفحة البداية‬

‫إذهب الى منتدى‪:‬‬


‫‪ --‬إختار منتدى من القائمة‬ ‫طباعة‬ ‫موضوع جديد‬
‫أرشيف‪ :‬اللغات واللهجات‬

‫*****‪---‬اللغة الهنديه‪2*****---‬‬
‫‪2009/02/23 - 19:36‬‬ ‫‪tunisia7‬‬

‫استخدام األفعال‬
‫تصرف االفعال في اللغة الهندية حسب‬

‫الجنس ‪ :‬مذكر ‪ -‬مؤنث‬


‫العدد ‪ :‬مفرد ‪ -‬جمع‬
‫الزمن ‪ :‬حاضر ‪ -‬ماضي ‪ -‬مستقبل‬
‫الفعل ‪ :‬تام ‪ -‬ماضي تام ‪ -‬مستمر‬
‫درجة االحترام ‪ :‬عادي ‪ -‬انثى ‪ -‬محترم او الكبير‬

‫‪Hindi verbs are inflected with respect to‬‬

‫‪)gender of the subject (masculine, feminine‬‬


‫‪)number of the subject (singular, plural‬‬
‫‪)tense (present, past, future‬‬
‫‪)action (perfect, imperfect, continuous‬‬
‫‪)degree of respect (intimate, familiar, respect‬‬

‫‪.Verbs are referred to in their infinitive noun form which ends in na‬‬
‫كما يعود الفعل الى مصدرة االساسي اذا رفعنا حرفي ( ن ‪ -‬ا ) من الفعل‬

‫باالنجليزية‬ ‫بالعربية‬ ‫مصدر الفعل‬ ‫الفعل‬

‫‪to speak‬‬ ‫يقول‬ ‫‪bol‬‬ ‫‪bolna‬‬


‫‪to write‬‬ ‫يكتب‬ ‫‪likh‬‬ ‫‪likhna‬‬
‫‪to take‬‬ ‫يأخذ‬ ‫‪le‬‬ ‫‪lena‬‬

‫‪to come‬‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ana‬‬


Present Tense
‫الفعل الحاضر‬

:)Present tense of hona (to be


‫استخدام الضمائر في االفعال الحاضرة‬

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬


I am ‫أنا‬ main hun
)you are (intimate ‫أنت‬ tu hai
this, he, she, it is ‫هذا‬ yah hai
that, he, she, it is ‫ذاك‬ vah hai
we are ‫نحن‬ ham hain
)you are (familiar ‫أنت‬ tum ho
)you are (respect ‫أنت‬ ap hain
these, they are ‫هذه‬ ye hain
those, they are ‫هؤالء‬ ve hain

Present Imperfect
‫حاضر غير تام‬

The present imperfect is used for habitual actions. It is formed by adding ta,
.te, or ti to the stem of the verb followed by the present tense of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
.constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti
‫مع االفعال الحاضرة و الغير تامة يتم استخدام‬
‫ ) مع الفعل‬ta - te - ti(

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

I speak ‫أنا اتكلم‬ main bolta hun


)you speak (intimate ‫انت تتكلم‬ tu bolta hai
this, he, it speaks ‫ هو يتكلم‬/ ‫هي‬ yah bolta hai
that, he, it speaks ‫ذاك يتكلم‬ vah bolta hai
we speak ‫نحن نتكلم‬ ham bolte hain
)you speak (familiar ‫انت تتكلمين‬ tum bolte ho
)you speak (respect )‫انت تتكلم (ك‬ ap bolte hain
these, they speak ‫هم يتكلمون‬ ye bolte hain

those, they speak ‫هؤالء يتكلمون‬ ve bolte hain

Present Continuous
‫الحاضر المستمر‬

The present continuous is used for ongoing actions -- like the "-ing" form in
:English. It is formed like this
stem + raha/rahe/rahi + present tense of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
.constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi
‫مع الفعل الحاضر المستمر يتم استخدام‬
‫ ) في اللغة االنجليزية‬ing( ‫ ) وهي تمثل‬raha - tahe - rahi(

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

‫انا ال زلت اتكلم‬ main bol raha


I am speaking
hun
you are speaking ‫انت ال زلت تتكلم‬ tu bol raha hai
)(intimate
this, he, it is speaking ‫هذا ال زال يتكلم‬ yah bol raha hai
that, he, it is speaking ‫ذاك ال زال يتكلم‬ vah bol raha hai

‫نحن ال زلنا نتكلم‬ ham bol rahe


we are speaking
hain
you are speaking ‫انت ال زلت تتكلمين‬ tum bol rahe ho
)(familiar
you are speaking ‫انت ال زلت تتكلم‬
ap bol rahe hain
)(respect )‫(ك‬

these, they are speaking ‫ هم ال زالوا يتكلمون‬ye bol rahe hain


‫هؤالء ال زالوا‬
those, they are speaking ve bol rahe hain
‫يتكلمون‬

Past Tense
‫ماضي‬

:)Past tense of hona (to be

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

I was ‫انا كنت‬ main tha / thi


)you were (intimate ‫انت كنت‬ tu tha / thi

this, he, she, it was ‫ هو كان‬/ ‫هي‬ yah tha / thi


that, he, she, it was ‫ذاك كان‬ vah tha / thi
we were ‫كنا‬ ham the / thin
)you were (familiar ‫انت كنت‬ tum the / thin
)you were (respect )‫انت كنت (ك‬ ap the / thin
these, they were ‫هم كانوا‬ ye the / thin
those, they were ‫هؤالء كانوا‬ ve the / thin

)The slash seperates masculine and feminine forms(

Past Imperfect
‫ماضي غير تام‬

The past imprefect is used for habitual actions in the past. It is formed like
the present imperfect but with the past tense of hona instead of the present
.tense
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti, replacing tha with thi, and
.the with thin
‫و هنا نستخدم كما استخدمنا مع الحاضر الغير تام اال ان افعل يكون بالماضي بدل المضارع و‬
‫يستخدم هذه الحروف كداللة على زمن الحدوث‬
‫ ) مع الفعل‬tha - the - thi - thin(

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

I used to speak ‫انا كنت اتكلم‬ main bolta tha


)you used to speak (intimate ‫انت كنت تتكلم‬ tu bolta tha
this, he, it used to speak ‫ هي كانت تتكلم‬/ ‫هو‬ yah bolta tha
that, he, it used to speak ‫ذاك كان يتكلم‬ vah bolta tha
we used to speak ‫نحن كنا نتكلم‬ ham bolte the
)you used to speak (familiar ‫انت كنت تتكلمين‬ tum bolte the
)you used to speak (respect )‫انت كنت تتكلم (ك‬ ap bolte the
these, they used to speak ‫هم كانوا يتكلمون‬ ye bolte the
those, they used to speak ve bolte the
Past Continuous
‫الماضي المستمر‬

The past continuous is used for ongoing actions in the past -- like the "-ing"
:form in English. It is formed like this
stem + raha/rahe/rahi + past tense of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi, replacing tha with thi, and
.the with thin
‫و هنا ايضا نستخدم كما استخدمنا مع الفعل الحاضر المستمر و تضاف ايضا الحروف الداله على‬
‫الزمن الماضيوهي‬
‫ ) مع الفعل‬tha - the - thi - thin (

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

I was speaking ‫كنت اتكلم و ال ازال‬ main bol raha tha


)you were speaking (intimate ‫كان يتكلم و ال يزال‬ tu bol raha tha
this, he, it was speaking ‫هو كان يتكلم وال يزال‬/‫هي‬ yah bol raha tha
that, he, it was speaking ‫ذاك كان يتكلم و ال يزال‬ vah bol raha tha
we were speaking ‫كنا نتكلم وال نزال‬ ham bol rahe the
)you were speaking (familiar ‫كنت تتكلمين وال تزالين‬ tum bol rahe the
)you were speaking (respect )‫كنت تتكلم وال تزال (ك‬ ap bol rahe the
these, they were speaking ‫هم يتكلمون وال يزالون‬ ye bol rahe the
those, they were speaking ‫هؤالء يتكلمون و ال يزالون‬ ve bol rahe the

Future Tense

Future Imperfect
‫المستقبل الغير تام‬

The future imprefect is used to refer to the future as well as to make


assumptions about the presents (just like in English). It is formed by adding
.unga/i, ega/i, enge/i, or oge/i to the stem
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
.constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i
‫كما في اللغة االنجليزية فان المستقبل الغير تام يدل على استخدام الفعل على امل ما سيحدث في‬
‫المستقبل القريب و يستخدم لذلك بعض الحروف التي تساعد في التعبير عن تغير زمن حدوث‬
‫الفعل وهي‬
‫) وتستخدم في نهاية الفعل لتحل محل الحروف االخيرة والدالة على‬unga/i - enge/i - oge/i(
) ‫جنس الفاعل ( مذكر او مؤنث او جماعة‬

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬


I will speak ‫ساتكلم‬ main bolunga
)you will speak (intimate ‫ستتكلم‬ tu bolega
this, he, it will speak ‫ هي ستتكلم‬/ ‫هو‬ yah bolega
that, he, it will speak ‫ذاك سيتكلم‬ vah bolega
we will speak ‫سنتكلم‬ ham bolenge
)you will speak (familiar ‫ستتكلمين‬ tum bologe
)you will speak (respect )‫ستتكلم (ك‬ ap bolenge
these, they will speak ‫هم سيتكلمون‬ ye bolenge
those, they will speak ‫هؤالء سيتكلمون‬ ve bolenge

Future Continuous
‫المستقبل المستمر‬

The future continuous is used to refer to ongoing actions in the future. It is


.formed as the present imperfect but with the future of raha instead of hona
Below are shown the forms in the masculine. The feminine forms can be
.constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i in both verbs
‫و هنا نستخدم حروف فعل المستقبل الغير تام مع حروف الحاضر المستمر‬
........... raha/e/i + unga/i

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

I will be speaking ‫سوف اتكلم‬ main bolta rahunga


)you will be speaking (intimate ‫سوف تتكلم‬ tu bolta rahega
this, he, it will be speaking ‫ هو سوف يتكلم‬/ ‫هي‬ yah bolta rahega
that, he, it will be speaking ‫ذاك سوف يتكلم‬ vah bolta rahega
we will be speaking ‫نحن سوف نتلكم‬ ham bolte rahenge
)you will be speaking (familiar ‫انت سوف تتكلمين‬ tum bolte rahoge
)you will be speaking (respect )‫انت سوف تتكلم (ك‬ ap bolte rahenge
these, they will be speaking ‫هم سوف يتكلمون‬ ye bolte rahenge
those, they will be speaking ‫هؤالء سوف يتكلمون‬ ve bolte rahenge
Imperative
‫فعل االمر‬

.There are three different imperatives in Hindi: tu, tum, and ap imperative
The tu imperative is the stem itself
The tum imperative is the stem + o
The ap imperative is the stem + ie or iye
‫و هنا نرى استخدامات فعل االمر ولها ثالثة طرق حسب المبينة بالجدول‬

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

)bring water (intimate ‫احضر ماء‬ pani la


)bring water (familiar ‫احضري ماء‬ pani lao

)bring water (respect )‫احضر ماء (ك‬ pani laie

.The imperatives are made negative by adding mat, na, or nahin


.Use mat with the tu imperative
.Use mat or na with the tum imperative
.Use na or nahin with the ap imperative
‫هنا نستخدم فعل أمر النفي و تستخدم معه ايا من هذه الحروف‬
‫ ) ثم الفعل‬mat - na - nahin (

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

)don't go there (intimate ‫ال تذهب هناك‬ vahan mat ja

)don't go there (familiar ‫ال تذهبي هناك‬ vahan na jao


)don't go there (respect )‫ال تذهب هناك (ك‬ vahan nahin jaie

To Have

.There is no Hindi verb for "to have". Possession is expressed in other ways

Movable Objects
‫صفة المتحرك‬

Possession of movable objects is expressed using ke pas after the (English)


.subject

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

has a car ("near .... a car .... ‫عند مريم سيارة = بجانب مريم‬ ke pas gari ....
)"it is ‫توجد سيارة‬ hai
I have a book ("near me a ‫عندي كتاب = بجانبي كتاب‬ mera pas
)"book it is kitab hai

Immovable Objects

Possession of immovable objects and of relatives is expressed using the


.possessive particles ka, ki, ke

‫باالنجليزي‬ ‫بالعربي‬ ‫بالهندي‬

)"he has a house ("of him a house it is ‫عنده مكان‬ uska makan hai

has two sons ("of .... two sons there .... ‫ عنده‬... ke do bete .....
)"are ‫ولدان‬ hain

.‫تصفح ردود المواضيع في األرشيف متوفر لألعضاء المسجلين فقط‬

2*****---‫اللغة الهنديه‬---*****
:‫إذهب الى منتدى‬
‫ إختار منتدى من القائمة‬-- ‫طباعة‬ ‫موضوع جديد‬
‫ اللغات واللهجات‬:‫أرشيف‬

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