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MATERI - PENGENALAN PERALATAN PLTS PV - 14 Maret 2023
MATERI - PENGENALAN PERALATAN PLTS PV - 14 Maret 2023
No. Hp : 081322324425
Email : awaludin110611@gmail.com
: awaludinaira
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Outline Materi
Pengenalan Peralatan PLTS
2. Peralatan PLTS PV
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Tujuan Pelatihan
Pemeliharaan Solar Inverter
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Sub Materi - 1
Teknologi PLTS PV
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Sistem PLTS Photovoltaic (PV)
Definisi
Sistem fotovoltaik atau pembangkit listrik tenaga surya (PLTS) mengubah energi elektromagnetik dari
sinar matahari menjadi energi listrik
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Sistem PLTS Photovoltaic (PV)
Prinsip Kerja Photovoltaic
Efek fotovoltaik adalah suatu proses yang menghasilkan tegangan atau arus listrik pada sel PV ketika
terkena sinar matahari.
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Perkembangan Teknologi Solar Cell
Solar PV Technology Status
• Monocrystalline (mono-Si) • Amorphous silicon (a-Si) • CZTS (Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide)
• Polycrystalline (p-Si) • Perosvkite Solar Cell
• Cadmium Telluride/ Cadmium
Sulfide (CdTe/CdS) • Polymer based solar cell
• Organic Solar Cell
• Copper Indium Gallium
• Dye sensitized solar cell
Selenide (CIS/CIGS)
• Quantum dot solar cell
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Perkembangan Teknologi Solar Cell
Solar PV Technology Status
Source : IRENA (2019), Future of Solar Photovoltaic: Deployment, investment, technology, grid integration and socio-economic aspects
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Perkembangan Teknologi Solar Cell
Cell Efficiencies
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Source : NREL, Best Research Cell Efficiencies
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Perkembangan Teknologi Solar Cell
PV Production by Technology
Monocrystalline
mono-Si 21% 0.4% / tahun 19% $0.3-0.4 / Wp
Silicon Wafer
Multicrystalline Si multi-Si 17% 0.6% / tahun 14-15% $0.3 / Wp
Cadmium Tellurium CdTe 16-17% 0.4% / tahun 14-15% $0.45 / Wp
Copper Indium Thin Film
CIGS 14% 1% / tahun 10-11% $0.5 / Wp
Gallium Selenide (lapisan tipis)
Amorphous Si a-Si 6-8% 0.9% / tahun 4-6% N.A.
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Sumber:this
or distribute ISEdocument
Fraunhofer,
withoutNREL, First of
permission Solar
PLN (CdTe),
NUSANTARASolarPOWER,
Frontier PT(CIGS), UniSolar (a-Si)
Jenis Sistem PLTS Photovoltaic
PLTS Hibrida
Sistem
PLTS PLTS On Grid PLTS rooftop (dipasang di atap)
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PV Cell, Modul, String & Array/Larik
Solar Photovoltaic
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Pengaruh Konfigurasi Panel PV
PLTS Photovoltaic
Peralatan PLTS PV
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar PV Module
Fungsi:
• Menghasilkan listrik DC dari sinar matahari
Teknologi:
• Mono / Poly crystalline
• Thin film (A-Si, CdTe, CIGS)
• Hybrid
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Datasheet Solar PV Panel
• Tipe PV Panel
• Detail Design
• Elecctrical
Characteristic
• Annual Power
Attenuation Waranty
• I-V Curve
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Datasheet Solar PV Panel
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Datasheet Solar PV Panel
• Perhitungan Efisiensi Modul
425 W∶ 2,17 𝑚2
= 19,6 %
1000 𝑊/𝑚2
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Kurva Arus-Tegangan (I-V curve)
Solar PV Modul
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Charge Controller PWM/MPPT
Fungsi:
• Mengubah listrik DC menjadi DC
• Maximum Power Point Tracker
• Battery Charger & Proteksi
Teknologi:
• PWM
• MPPT
Solar Charge Controller (SCC) berfungsi untuk mengoptimalkan pengisian baterai. SCC menerima daya
dari panel surya dan mengalirkannya ke baterai. Namun sebelum dialirkan ke baterai, SCC melakukan
sejumlah konfigurasi seperti dengan mengontrol pengisian hingga menjejak titik-titik energi yang lebih besar.
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Charge Controller PWM/MPPT
• Kelebihan SCC PWM dan MPPT
PWM MPPT
• Cotroller PWM memiliki harga lebih murah dibanding jenis • Panel surya dan baterai tidak harus punya tegangan yang
MPPT sama, bahkan bisa menggunakan panel surya dengan
• PWM cocok untuk PLTS rumahan yang dibangun dalam skala tegangan lebih tinggi daripada tegangan baterai
kecil dengan suhu panel surya sedang hingga tinggi (45°C • Lebih cepat mengisi baterai meski kapasitas baterai masih
dan 75°C) rendah atau cuaca sedang mendung dengan mengubah
• Contoller PWM dibuat berdasarkan basis teknologi yang kelebihan tegangan menjadi arus
lebih dulu sehingga sudah matang dan teruji • Menghasilkan tegangan yang dapat menyesuaikan
• Tegangan yang dihasilkan panel surya dengan PWM tidak kebutuhan baterai dan beban
berbeda jauh dari tegangan baterai. • Controller MPPT bisa bekerja maksimal meski suhu sel surya
• Bekerja lebih baik pada sistem off-grid dengan kisaran di bawah 45°C atau di atas 75°C.
tegangan panel surya 17 – 19 Volt untuk setiap nominal • MPPT dapat memantau dan menyesuaikan input untuk
teganan bateri 12 V mengatur arus/current, misalnya dengan menurunkan
tegangan dan menaikkan arus
• Efisiensi lebih dari 90% untuk mengecas baterai
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Charge Controller PWM/MPPT
• Kekurangan SCC PWM dan MPPT
PWM MPPT
• Untuk menggunakan PWN, panel surya dan baterai harus • Harga Contoller MPPT lebih mahal daripada PWM
berada pada tegangan yang sama • Bekerja lebih baik pada kapasitas sistem diatas 200W
• Cocok dipakai saat kapasitas baterai 80% • Dapat dipakai untuk sistem on grid walaupun kapasitasnya
• Panel surya dihitung pada Ampere saat panel surya bekerja kecil
sesuai dengan tegangan baterai • MPPT memakai pengkabelan lebih kecil sebab banyak
• Efisiensi hanya sekitar 75%, ketika cuaca mendung menggunakan sistem seri
tegangan keluaran Controller PWM akan mengikuti panel
surya. Jika panel surya 24v menggunakan baterai 12v maka
kelebihan tegangan pengisian akan terbuang
• PWM membutuhkan kabel diameter lebih besar sebab
cenderung memakai sistem pararel
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Inverter
Fungsi:
• Mengubah listrik DC menjadi AC
• Maximum Power Point Tracker
• Sinkronisasi & proteksi
• Grid support
Teknologi:
• String / Central / Micro Inverter
• Transformer / Transformerless
• Central Inverter
Characteristics
• String connection for high voltage
• Several strings connected in parallel
• One central 3-phase inverter with MPPT
• Lowest specific cost (€/kWp)
• Reliable
Drawbacks
• High power carried over DC wiring
• Same MPP for all strings
• Low flexibility and expandability
• Power losses in blocking diodes
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Inverter
• String Inverter
Characteristics
• Combination of central and module-based
concepts
• Modules connected in series
• Up to 5 kWp and Voc~ 1 kV
• Each string can be operated with a MPPT
• No strings in parallel, thus no blocking diodes
Drawbacks
• High DC voltage
• Proper cabling
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Solar Inverter
• Micro Inverter
Characteristics
• Operation at single or several modules
• Two stage power conversion
• Flexible and expandable
Drawbacks
• Operation in harsh environment
• High boost of the DC-DC converter
• Highest specific cost (Rp/kWp)
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Contoh Implementasi Inverter PLTS
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Contoh Implementasi Inverter PLTS
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PERALATAN UTAMA PLTS
Battery / Bidirectional / PCS Inverter
Fungsi:
• Mengubah listrik DC baterai menjadi AC (discharge)
• Mengubah listrik AC menjadi DC (charge)
• Sinkronisasi & proteksi
• Grid support
Teknologi:
• String / Central inverter
• Off grid / on grid / hybrid battery inverter
• Transformer / Transformerless
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CONTOH DOKUMENTASI 1
Battery / Bidirectional / PCS Inverter
Mode Operasi ada dua:
• Mode Grid Connected
• Mode independent (off grid)
Teknologi:
• Chemical (semua jenis baterai)
• Elektromekanis (flywheel energy storage, compressed air, dll)
• Solid State (semua jenis kapasitor)
• GEN I: Secara Technology sudah mature, secara economic of scale sudah tercapai
• GEN II: Secara Technology sudah commercial, secara economic of scale masih bisa naik
• GEN III: secara technology belum proven, economic of scale belum ada
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PERALATAN PENUNJANG PLTS
Solar Module Support
Fungsi:
• Sebagai dudukan solar panel
Teknologi:
• Fixed / Tracker (single & dual axis)
• Roof / Gr`ound / water mounted
• Steel / Aluminium / Composite material
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PERALATAN PENUNJANG PLTS
Solar DC Combiner
Fungsi:
• Sebagai agregasi pengkabelan DC solar panel
• Sebagai proteksi pada sisi DC
• Sebagai peralatan untuk string monitoring
Teknologi:
• Pre build / Custom made
• Metal / Composite
• With / Without string monitoring
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PERALATAN PENUNJANG PLTS
Pyranometer / Weather / Irradiation Sensor
Fungsi:
• Sebagai pengukur parameter-parameter cuaca untuk
digunakan sebagai acuan penghitung performance
Teknologi:
• Pyranometer / photovoltaic sensor
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PERALATAN PENUNJANG PLTS
Solar Data Logger
Fungsi:
• Sebagai pencatat / agregat penyimpan data-data
operasional PLTS
• Sebagai web server untuk remote monitoring
Teknologi:
• Stand alone / embadded
• Proprietary / open standard
• GSM / LAN / RS385 / RS232
Fungsi:
• untuk remote monitoring dan O&M
Teknologi:
• Web Based / Desktop Based
• Proprietary / open standard
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Sub Materi
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confidential. ItIt isis strictly
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NUSANTARA POWER, POWER, PT PT
PLTS 1 MWp Cirata
No. Data PLTS 1MWp Cirata
1. Kapasitas Terpasang 1040 kWp
2. Teknologi Modul Surya Thin film CIS (Solar frontier japan). Efisiensi 13,8%
3. Luas Area PV +- 1 Hektar
4. Inverter • 1 X Central Inverter SMA 500 CPXT
• 25 X String Inverter SMA 20000TL
5. Kapasitas Inverter • 1 x 500 kW (Central Inverter)
• 25 x 20 kW (String Inverter)
6. Keluaran • 380 Vac - Gedung UP Cirata
• 20.000 Vac – Power House PLTA Cirata
7. Produksi 3500 - 4000 kWh / Hari
8. Modul Support Double Pole
9. Spesific Yield 3,5 - 4 kWh / kWp
10. PV Combiner Combiner box + final combiner box (central inverter)
11. Proteksi PV • Surge Arrester
• NH PV fuse (+)
• Blocking diode
12. LV Box /LV panel 1
13. Jumlah Trafo • 1 x 1600 kVA (380 V / 20 kV)
• 1x 630 kVA (270 V / 380 V , trafo step up central
inverter)
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or distribute this document without permission of PLN NUSANTARA POWER, PT 14. Jumlah Cubicle • 1 x Main cubicle 20 kV
Modul Surya Photovoltaic
PLTS 1MWp Cirata
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Inverter
PLTS 1MWp Cirata
• Central Inverter • String Inverter
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Balance of System
PLTS 1MWp Cirata
• Combiner Box & Proteksi PV • Modul Support / Modul Penyangga
• 380 V / 20 kV
Trafo • pabrikan schneider jaringan 20kV PLTS Cirata
• kapasitas 1600 kVA
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Thank You!
Terima Kasih
THANK YOU
TERIMA KASIH
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JAWA-BALI, PT It is strictly forbidden to use, disclose, copy, modify,
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