the process through which the

artwork is created

TECHNIQUES
It is what the artwork
is made of

MATERIALS
 CONTEMPORARY ARTS

arts made and produced by artist living

today

today’s artist work in and respond to a

global environment that is cultural
diverse, technologically advancing and
multifaceted.

is not restricted to individual experience

but it is reflective of the world we live in
Elements of Arts
line

shape and form

color

space

value

texture
LINE

in art is defined as a point moving in

space, and it’s one of the seven elements
of art (line, color, shape, form, texture,
value, space).

It is one of the most crucial elements, as

everything begins with just a simple dot
in space, that transforms into lines and
then drawings. Lines are everywhere!
TYPES OF LINES IN ART

 Vertical lines are straight up and down lines that are

moving in space without any slant and are perpendicular
to horizontal lines. They suggest height and strength
because they extend towards the sky and seem
unshakeable.

 Horizontal lines are straight lines parallel to the

horizon that move from left to right. They suggest
width, distance, calmness, and stability.

 DIAGONAL LINES are straight lines that slant in any

direction except horizontal or vertical. When in use, they
suggest movement or lack of stability.

 ZIGZAG LINES are a series of diagonal lines joined at

ends. They can convey action and excitement, as well as
restlessness and anxiety.

 Curved lines are lines that bend and change direction

gradually. They can be simply wavy or spiral. Such lines
convey the feelings of comfort and ease, as well as
sensual quality as they remind us of the human body.
 Shape
 A shape is created when a line is enclosed

 All shapes will fall into one of two categories. Shapes are either
geometric or organic.
 Shape can also be defined as a two-dimensional area that is
defined by a change in value or some other form of contrast.
All shapes are two-dimensional, meaning that they have
only length and width.
 Types of Shapes
 All shapes will fall into one of two categories. Shapes are either
geometric or organic.

 Geometric (or Regular) Shapes

 Geometric shapes or regular shapes are easy to recognize.

Usually, math can be used to find information about these
shapes. Geometric shapes generally have a specific name
associated with them.
 Many man-made objects are made in the form of geometric
shapes. Cell phones, buildings, and wheels are all examples of
man-made forms that resemble geometric shapes.
Organic (or Freeform) Shapes
Organic or freeform shapes are shapes that seem to
follow no rules. Organic shapes generally do not have a
name associated with them and are typically not man-
made. Organic shapes can resemble things that we find
in nature.

Below, you'll find several examples of organic shapes...

Form, another element of art, differs from shape in that forms
have length, width, and height.

Types of Form in Art:

Geometric Form vs. Organic Form

Geometric forms refer to precise, regular, angular, geometric

shapes that are mathematically consistent, including spheres,
cubes, pyramids, cones, and cylinders.

Organic forms (or biomorphic forms) represent organic, irregular

shapes that often occur in the natural world, which are usually
asymmetrical, free-form, or curved.
 Color
is the element of art that refers to
reflected light.

Color has an effect over how we feel

about objects, how we behave, and
how our bodies react to circumstances.

If color theory is simplified, it can be

broken down into 3 parts- The color
wheel, color value, and color schemes.
The Color Wheel

 The color wheel was developed by Sir Isaac Newton by taking the
color spectrum and bending it into a circle.

 The color wheel is made up of three different types of colors -

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.

 The primary colors are red, yellow, and blue. They are called
primary for a couple of reasons.

 First, no two colors can be mixed to create a primary color. In

other words, primary colors can only be created through the use
of natural pigments.

 Secondly, all other colors found on the color wheel can be

created by mixing primary colors together.
Secondary colors are created by mixing equal parts of any
two primary colors.
Tertiary colors are created by mixing equal parts of a
secondary color and a primary color together.

Notice that the proper way to refer to tertiary colors is by listing

the primary color first and the secondary color,
Color Values
The second part of color theory deals with color values. Value is the
darkness or lightness of a color. When dealing with pure color (hue),
value can be affected by adding white or black to a color.

Adding white to a color produces a tint...

Adding black to a color produces a shade...

When grays are added to the color, the intensity of the color is
affected. Intensity is related to value.
 Color Schemes
Color schemes are ways colors are put together in an intelligent
way

Monochromatic - literally means one (mono) color (chroma). So a

monochromatic color scheme is made up of one color and it’s
shades and tints.

Analogous colors - are colors that are next to each other on the
color wheel. When used as a color scheme, analogous colors can be
dramatic. Ex. red, red-purple, purple, blue-purple
 Complementary colors - are colors found directly across from each
other on the color wheel. Complementary color scheme provide
strong contrast. Ex. Blue and orange, red and green, yellow-green
and red-purple.

Color triads - consist of three colors found on the color wheel that
are equally spaced apart from each other. Ex. Red, blue and yellow
or orange, green and purple.
Split complementary - color schemes are made up of a color and
it’s complements closest analogous colors. Ex Blue, yellow-orange
and red-orange. Red-orange, red-purple, green.

Warm colors - colors that are usually associated with warm

things. Ex. Red, yellow, orange.

Cool colors - colors that are usually associated with cool things.
Ex. Blue, purple, green
SPACE
 is the element of art through which both positive and
negative areas are defined or a sense of depth is achieved in
a work of art
 arts transforming space

 site specific forms - art form that is performed and

positioned in a specific space such as public places.
Texture
 refers to the way an object feels to the touch or looks
as it may feel if it were touched.
 Artist today often go
beyond the traditional
elements and
principles in their work
by using new concepts
and approaches
APPROPRIATION
 Is when an artist creates a new work of art by taking preexisting
images from other sources and modifies and/or incorporates
those images with new ones
 the use of these prints, images and icons to produce another art
form is a feature of contemporary art that combines the past
with the present
 by appropriation, the contemporary art revives interest to existing
form of art
PERFORMANCE
 refers to artwork created by or presented to an audience
 performance as an element can also include the processes used by
the artist to create the work.
 this takes place when the processes used to create the artwork
is more important than the finished work itself.

Interpreting various human activities such as ordinary activities like

chores, routines and rituals, to socially relevant themes such as
poverty, commercialism and war.
HYBRIDITY
 Is used in artist’s work through the blending of new or unusual
materials with traditional mediums
 the incorporation of these materials, such as recycled or industrial
materials, plays an important role in the meaning of the artwork

Hybridity in contemporary arts is the mixing of unlikely

materials to produce an artwork
TECHNOLOGY
 refers to the usage of technological advancements in the creation
of art works

 -is a reality in the present-day world, and contemporary artist have

used technology in the creation and dissemination of works of art.
When MTV first went into airwaves in 1981, video became part of
the human interaction. The video phenomenon was further pushed
by debut of YouTube that allowed everyone with Internet
connection to post and share videos.
 Contemporary artists have used video and Internet as way of
propagating art.
PRINCIPLES
OF
ART
 If the elements of art
are your tools,
the principles of art are
how you put them to
work
HARMONY
This is achieved when the elements of an artwork
come together in a unified way
certain element are repeated yet still look and feel
similar, not monotomy and not chaos
harmony is that perfectly honed combination of both
this is the most essential factor in a composition
BALANCE
 stability produced by even distribution of weight on each side of
the thing

 CLASSIFICATION OF BALANCE

 FORMAL BALANCE
 exist if the weights at equal distance from the center are
equal. It is also called as symmetrical balance
 BILATERAL SYMMETRY
 is present when the left and right sides appear the same

 radial symmetry - exist when the same measure occurs

form the central point to the end of every radius.
 this symmetry applies to round objects or those with
radii like stars and startfishes
Informal Balance- present when the left and the right
sides of the thing, though not identical in appearance,
still display an even distribution of weight. It is also
known as asymmetrical or occult balance.
Rhythm
 Rhythm is the continuous use of a motif or repetitive pattern
of a succession of similar or identical items.
 It can be achieved by alternation (use of two patterns
alternately), radiation (repetition of motif from the center or
toward it), progression (use of motifs of varying sizes that is,
from the smallest to the largest, or vice versa), parallelism (use
of a pattern with an equal distance from each other).
alternation (use of two patterns alternately)
radiation (repetition of motif from the center or toward it)

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progression (use of motifs of varying sizes that is,
from the smallest to the largest, or vice versa)
parallelism (use of a pattern with an equal distance from each
other)
Proportion
Comparative relationship of the different parts in
relation to the whole. Proper and pleasing relationship
of one object with the others in a design.
Emphasis
Achieved by means of size or proportion, shape,
color, line position, and variety. More often than not,
the artist emphasizes the one with the bigger size or
proportion, the one with a different shape or color,
the one with striking lines, the one positioned at the
center and the one that is unique.
Classification
of
Art Forms
VISUAL ARTS
 are the arts that meet eye and evoke an emotion through an
expression of skill and imagination
 also called SPATIAL ARTS because artworks produced under this
genre occupy space
 it includes painting , sculpture and architecture

 GRAPHIC ARTS- those virtual arts that have length and width
 they are also called two - dimensional arts
 they are described as flat arts because they are
seen on flat surfaces
B. Plastic Arts- are those visual arts that have length,
width, and volume; thus, they are called three-
dimensional arts.

EXAMPLES: sculpture, architecture, landscape, city

planning design, set design, theater design, industrial
design, crafts and allied arts
Audio-Visual Arts
 Audiovisual art can be enjoyed by the senses of hearing and
sight.
 It is also called as performing arts. It is the exploration of
kinetic abstract art and music or sound set in relation to each
other.
 It includes visual music, abstract film, audiovisual
performances and installations
Examples: music (vocal, instrumental, and mixed), dance
(ethnologic, social and theatrical), and drama (tragedy, comedy,
tragicomedy, farce, melodrama, etc.
Literary Arts
The Literary Arts relate to the written word and include writing,
editing, critiquing, teaching, reviewing, and other activities related
to written communication.
These activities take place in a variety of settings, such as
classrooms, writers' workshops/centers, book and magazine
publishing companies, and libraries.
The "book arts" are related to a book's physical presentation and
can involve its paper, binding, printing, or design.
EXAMPLES: prose (short stories, novels, essays, and plays) and
poetry (narrative poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems)