PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 2
OPENING
PRAYERS
 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, the students will be

able to:

• Illustrates the importance of Quantitative

Research across field;
• Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses .
 WARM UP

MESSAGE CODING

There are five (5) hidden words that you

need to unlock with the use of code
pool below. Each number represents a
letter. Put the letters together to find
each missing word.
1.) 16+1+5+26+4+1+6 =____________________________
2.) 15+3+26+16+3+6 =_____________________________
3.) 1+10+16+6+1+25+6+1+16+1+14+6=______________
4.) 22+3+21+1+6+10+17+1+10+16=__________________
5.) 6+1+7+1+5+6+26+4+1+6+7=_____________________

Code Pool

1= E 5=A 9= L 13= B 17= M 21= V 25= P

2= I 6= R 10= N 14= U 18= F 22=G 26= C
3= O 7= S 11= W 15= D 19=Z 23= Q
4= H 8= J 12= K 16= T 20= X 24= Y
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
ACROSS FIELD
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELD

• Research is a “BROAD FIELD”

encompassing disciplines with
countless responsibilities in
numerous industries.
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELD

• In the public and non-profit sectors,

government agencies, courts, heath
organizations, museums,
universities, and activist groups all
generate research.
The following are topics in
different fields that may be
used in research writing.
RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS

• Accounting
• Business and Management
• Environmental and Earth Science
• Health Science
• Education
• Social Sciences
• Humanities
Accounting • Accounting systems
• Forensic accounting
• Collusion in auditing
• Tax minimization
• Accounting practices
for online business
• Financial markets
12
BUSINESS AND • Green marketing
MANAGEMENT
• Online shops
• Working
environment
• Marketing strategies
• Budgeting strategies
• Leadership styles
13
 ENVIRONMENTAL • Marine pollution
AND EARTH SCIENCE • Genetics
• Conservation
• Recycling
• Sustainability
• Soil contamination
• Environmental ethics
14
HEALTH SCIENCE
• Homeopathy
• Tolerance
• Vaccination
• Stress
• Mental health
• Global health security
15
EDUCATION • Grit
• Inclusive education
• Teaching strategies
• 21st century learning
• Homeschooling
• Motivation

16
 • Discrimination
SOCIAL SCIENCES
• Equality in the
electorate
• Stereotyping
• Patriotic sentiments
• Migration
• Juvenile delinquency
17
HUMANITIES
• Taboo
• Symbolisms in art
• Folklore
• Film aesthetics
• Indigenous cultures
• Religious influences

18
 RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS

• Medicine
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Psychology
• Political Science
• Economics
• Culinary Arts
• Business
 RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS NON- EXPERIMENTAL

• Medicine
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Psychology
• Political Science
• Economics
• Culinary Arts
• Business
 RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS EXPERIMENTAL

• Medicine
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Psychology
• Political Science
• Economics
• Culinary Arts
• Business
CLASSIFICATION
OF
VARIABLES
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

• Numeric Variables

• Categorical Variables

• Experimental Variables
 VARIABLES

• Is any factor or property that a

researcher measures, controls, and /
or manipulates.

• It is also the changing quantity or

measure of any factor, trait, or
condition that can exist in differing
amounts or types.
 VARIABLES

• It is also a logical set of

attributes, characteristics,
numbers, or quantities that
can be measured or counted.

• It is also called a data item.

NUMERIC VARIABLES

• Continuous Variables
•Discrete Variables
 NUMERIC VARIABLES

• These are variables with values that

describe a measurable numerical quantity
and answer the questions “how many” or
“how much”. These values are considered
as quantitative data.
 CONTINUOUS VARIABLES

• These variables can assume any

value between a certain set of real
numbers.
• The values depend on the scale
used.
 CONTINUOUS VARIABLES

• Continuous variables are

also called interval
variables.
• Some examples are time,
age, temperature, height,
and weight.
 DISCRETE VARIABLES

• These variables can only assume any whole

value within the limits of the given
variables.

• Some examples are the number of

registered cars, number of business
locations, number of children in the family,
population of students, and total number of
faculty members.
CATEGORICAL VARIABLES

• Ordinal Variables
•Nominal Variables
• Dichotomous Variables
• Polychotomous Variables
 CATEGORICAL VARIABLES

• These are variable with values

that describe a quality or
characteristics of a data unit like
“what type” or “which category.
 ORDINAL VARIABLES

• These variable can take a value which

can be logically ordered or ranked.

• Some examples are academic grades

such as A,B,C ; clothing size such as X, L,
M, S ; and measures of attitudes like
strongly agree, agree, disagree, or
strongly disagree.
 NOMINAL VARIABLES

• These are variables whose values

cannot be organized in logical
sequence.

• Some examples are business types ,

eye colors, kinds of religion, various
languages, and types of learners.
 DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLES

• These variables represent only

two categories.

• Some examples are gender

(male and female), answer (yes
or no), and veracity (true or
false)
 POLYCHOTOMOUS VARIABLES

• These are variables that have many

categories.
• Some examples are educational
attainment (elementary, high
school, college, graduate, and
postgraduate), level of performance
(excellent, very good, satisfactory, or
poor.
EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

• Independent Variables
•Dependent Variables
• Extraneous Variables
 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

• These are usually

manipulated in an
experiment. Thus,
they are also called
manipulated or
explanatory variable.
 DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• These variables are

usually affected by the
manipulation of the
independent variables.
They are also called
response or predicted
variables.
 EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES

• These variables are also called

mediating or intervening
variables. These variables are
already existing during the
conduct of an experiment
and could influence the
results of the study. They are
known as covariate variables.
Variables according to the number being studied

• Univariate Study - Only one variable is being

studied.
• Bivariate Study – Two variables are being studied.
• Polyvariate Study – More than two variables are
being studied.
OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES
Constant
Attribute
Covariate
Latent
Manifest
Exogenous
Endogenous
Other types of variables are as follows (Babbie, 2013: Russell 2013)

• Constant- Do not undergo any changes during

an experiment.
• Attribute– Characteristic of people: intelligence,
creativity, anxiety, learning, and styles, among
others.
• Covariate– Included in the research study to
create interactions with the independent and
dependent variables.
Other types of variables are as follows (Babbie, 2013: Russell 2013)

• Latent- Cannot be directly observed like

personality traits.
• Manifest– Can be directly observed to give proofs
to latent variables.
• Exogenous– Found outside an identified model
• Endogenous- Found inside as a part of Identified
model.
 ACTIVITY 2

The learners will answer the lesson 3 unit1in quipper activity

provided and share their insight based on the said activity.