CSCC04 Distribution Safety Rules & Safe Isolation & Switching Procedure

DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES,
SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING

PROCEDURES
CSCC04
TEXTBOOK
CONTRACTOR’S SHORT COURSE
2
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION &
SWITCHING PROCEDURE
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING PROCEDURE

SPECIFIC SAFETY SHORT COURSE
CSCC04
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON DESCRIPTION PAGE
COURSE OVERVIEW 5
PACING SCHEDULE 7
1 SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORK 9
SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE TO 43
2
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
3 METERING 57
AUTHORITY WORKING ON DISTRIBUTION 79
4
NETWORKS
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 95
5
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY PROCEDURES
FULFILLING ALL REQUIREMENTS OF 135
6
SAFETY DOCUMENTS
7 TYPES OF SAFETY DOCUMENTS 145
8 SIGNS AND BARRIERS 155
9 LOCKOUT/TAG-OUT PROCEDURES 171
GROUNDING & PROCEDURES FOR THE 191
10
GROUNDING PROCESS
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK 213
11
MANAGEMENT
APPENDICES 239 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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4
SWITCHING PROCEDURE
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING ROCEDURE

Textbook
CSCC04
COURSE OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
This course discusses work on or near live or non-living electrical equipment or
networks, actions to be taken, and precautions to secure site workers,
equipment, and networks to be worked on.
Work on such equipment and networks is required Isolation (operational works)

is required to secure work on it, and therefore safety documentation is
presented as a means for processing equipment and networks to work on them
safely under safety conditions, instructions and requirements.
TARGET COMPETENCY
 Specific Safety.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this course, the participants will be able to:
 Give a brief description of the concept of safety in electrical work.
 Apply safety precautions when approaching exposed conductors and
insulators.
 State the approach boundaries to energized electrical conductors or
circuit parts.
 State the general requirements and installation for electrical energy
meters.
 Familiarize with general requirements and installation for electrical LEARNING OUTCOMES
energy meters.
 Familiarize with precautions for C.T and P.T
 Set out the requirements for authorization of Employees who will operate
or work on the SEC Distribution system.
 Know the procedures to apply for the authorization process.
 Recognize the different types of safety documents. In addition, to provide
procedures for the preparation, issuance, clearance, and, cancellation of
safety documents between SEC distribution working teams and Non-
SEC organizations.
NOTE:
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 Recognize the different, safety signs and barriers and how to deal with
every type of them.
 Identify each type of lock and hold tag according to SEC specifications.
 Identify the function, and types of grounding.
 Recognize, Evaluate and Control the different types of hazards.
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING PROCEDURE
NOTE:
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SWITCHING PROCEDURES
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING ROCEDURE

Textbook
CSCC04
PACING SCHEDULE
LESSON DESCRIPTION HRS.

1 SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORK 2
2 SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE TO ELECTRICAL 2
EQUIPMENT
3 METERING 2
4 AUTHORITY WORKING ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 3
5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION 5
SAFETY PROCEDURES
6 FULFILLING ALL REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY 1
DOCUMENTS
7 TYPES OF SAFETY DOCUMENTS 5
8 SIGNS AND BARRIERS 3
9 LOCKOUT/TAG-OUT PROCEDURES 3
10 GROUNDING & PROCEDURES FOR THE 2
GROUNDING PROCESS
11 HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 2
TOTAL 30
PACING SCHEDULE
NOTE:
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8
LESSON 1
SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL
WORK
9
10
LESSON (1)
SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORK
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses safety in electrical work.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Give a brief description of the concept of safety in electrical work
 Describe electrical accidents their concept and their effects.
 Describe the Electric arc, its concept, and its effects.
 State what must be taken into consideration and applied during the
execution of the work, after completion of the work, and when returning
to the office.
 State the safety rules working on overhead lines networks and
Distribution networks
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
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12
INTRODUCTION
The application of instructions and procedures accurately is the duty of the
technicians for the safety and success of the work according to the:
 The job should be assigned to well-trained lifted technicians, especially

those working on energized equipment.
 Complete the work accurately within the specified time and avoid
obstacles and problems leading to delays in restoring electricity.
 Wear personal safety attire and use the proper protective equipment
according to SEC standards and instructions were given to you.
 Strictly follow the instructions and procedures for the assigned job.
Use the proper safety documents (permits, clearances, hold tags, and padlocks)
and make sure that the assigned job is done according to SEC standards and
instructions given to you.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 1.1 The Proper Test Equipment
 Collect your tools and test equipment, arrange your toolbox and clean
the work site before leaving.
 After completing the assigned job fill in forms/reports and update the
logbook according to SEC standards and instructions were given to you.
NOTE:
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
GENERAL
When an employee is working within the restricted approach boundary, the
worker shall wear personal protective equipment (PPE). When an employee is
working within the arc flash boundary, he or she shall wear protective clothing
and other personal protective equipment. All parts of the body inside the arc
flash boundary shall be protected Fig. 1.2.
LESSON 1: SAFETY IN ELECTRICAL WORK
FIG.1.2 Personal Safety Clothing
Movement and Visibility When arc-rated clothing is worn to protect an

employee, it shall cover all ignitable clothing and shall allow for movement and
visibility.
SAFETY SHOES
Safety Shoes are leather-made footwear that meets company standard
requirements for the protection of the workers in areas where there are dangers
of foot injuries due to falling or rolling objects, or objects piercing the sole, and
where such employee's feet are exposed to electrical hazards and some other
special type of hazards as shown in Fig. 1.3.
NOTE:
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FIG.1.3 Safety Shoes
HEAD, FACE, NECK, AND CHIN (HEAD AREA) PROTECTION

Employees shall wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a
danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with energized
electrical conductors or circuit parts or from flying objects resulting from
electrical explosions. Employees shall wear nonconductive protective
equipment for the face, neck, and chin whenever there is a danger of injury from
exposure to electric arcs or flashes or from flying objects resulting from electrical
SPECIFIC SAFETY
explosions. If employees use hairnets or beard nets, or both, these items must
be arc rated.
FIG.1.4 Safety Helmet TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG.1.5 Head Area Protection
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EYE PROTECTION
Employees shall wear protective equipment for the eyes whenever there is a
danger of injury from electric arcs, flashes, or from flying objects resulting from
electrical explosions.
FIG.1.6 Eye Protection
HEARING PROTECTION
Employees shall wear hearing protection whenever working within the arc flash
boundary.
FIG.1.7 Eye Protection
BODY PROTECTION
Employees shall wear arc-rated clothing wherever there is possible exposure
to an electric arc flash above the threshold incident energy level for a second
degree burn [5 J/cm2 (1.2 cal./cm2)].
NOTE:
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SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG.1.8 Body Protection
HAND AND ARM PROTECTION

Hand and Arm Protection Hand and arm protection shall be provided in
accordance with other precautions for personnel activities.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG.1.9 Leather Gloves
NOTE:
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FIG.1.10 Rubber Gloves
FIG.1.11 Leather & Rubber Gloves
ALERTNESS
When Hazardous Employees shall be instructed to be alert at all times when
they are working within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more and in work situations
where electrical hazards might exist.
When Impaired Employees shall not be permitted to work within the limited
approach boundary of energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating
at 50 volts or more, or where other electrical hazards exist, while their alertness
is recognizably impaired due to illness, fatigue, or other reasons.
Changes in Scope Employees shall be instructed to be alert for changes in the

job or task that may lead the person outside of the electrically safe work
NOTE:
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condition or expose the person to additional hazards that were not part of the
original plan.
BLIND REACHING
Employees shall be instructed not to reach blindly into areas that might contain
exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts where an electrical
hazard exists.
ILLUMINATION
General Employees shall not enter spaces containing electrical hazards unless
illumination is provided that enables the employees to perform the work safely.
Obstructed View of Work Area Where lack of illumination or an obstruction
precludes observation of the work to be performed, employees shall not perform
any task within the limited approach boundary of energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical
hazard exists.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
CONDUCTIVE ARTICLES BEING WORN
Conductive articles of jewelry and clothing (such as watchbands, bracelets,
rings, key chains, necklaces, metalized aprons, cloth with conductive thread,
metal headgear, or metal frame glasses) shall not be worn where they present
an electrical contact hazard with exposed energized electrical conductors or
circuit parts.
CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT BEING

HANDLED
General Conductive materials, tools, and equipment that are in contact with any
part of an employee’s body shall be handled in a manner that prevents
accidental contact with energized electrical conductors or circuit parts. Such
materials and equipment shall include, but are not limited to, long conductive TARGET COMPETENCIES
objects, such as ducts, pipes and tubes, conductive hose and rope, metal-lined
rules and scales, steel tapes, pulling lines, metal scaffold parts, structural
members, bull floats, and chains.
NOTE:
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APPROACH TO ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS AND
CIRCUIT PARTS
Means shall be employed to ensure that conductive materials approach
exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts no closer than that
permitted by.
CONFINED OR ENCLOSED WORK SPACES

When an employee works in a confined or enclosed space (such as a manhole
or vault) that contains exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts
operating at 50 volts or more, or where an electrical hazard exists, the employer
shall provide, and the employee shall use, protective shields, protective
barriers, or insulating materials as necessary to avoid inadvertent contact with
these parts and the effects of the electrical hazards.
DOORS AND HINGED PANELS

Doors, hinged panels, and the like shall be secured to prevent their swinging
into an employee and causing the employee to contact exposed energized
electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an
electrical hazard exists if movement of the door, hinged panel, and the like is
likely to create a hazard.
HOUSEKEEPING DUTIES
Employees shall not perform housekeeping duties inside the limited approach
boundary where there is a possibility of contact with energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts, unless adequate safeguards (such as insulating
equipment or barriers) are provided to prevent contact. Electrically conductive
cleaning materials (including conductive solids such as steel wool, metalized
cloth, and silicon carbide, as well as conductive liquid solutions) shall not be
used inside the limited approach boundary unless procedures to prevent
electrical contact are followed.
OCCASIONAL USE OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

Where flammable materials are present only occasionally, electric equipment
capable of igniting them shall not be permitted to be used, unless measures are
taken to prevent hazardous conditions from developing. Such materials shall
include, but are not limited to, flammable gases, vapors, or liquids; combustible
dust; and ignitable fibers or flytings.
NOTE:
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ANTICIPATING FAILURE
When there is evidence that electric equipment could fail and injure employees,
the electric equipment shall be de-energized, unless the employer can
demonstrate that de-energizing introduces additional hazards or increased risk
or is infeasible because of equipment design or operational limitation. Until the
equipment is de-energized or repaired, employees shall be protected from
hazards associated with the impending failure of the equipment by suitable
barricades and other alerting techniques necessary for safety of the employees.
ROUTINE OPENING AND CLOSING OF CIRCUITS

Load rated switches, circuit breakers, or other devices specifically designed as
disconnecting means shall be used for the opening, reversing, or closing of
circuits under load conditions. Cable connectors not of the load-break type,
fuses, terminal lugs, and cable splice connections shall not be permitted to be
used for such purposes, except in an emergency.
RECLOSING CIRCUITS AFTER PROTECTIVE DEVICE
SPECIFIC SAFETY
OPERATION
After a circuit is de-energized by the automatic operation of a circuit protective
device, the circuit shall not be manually reenergized until it has been determined
that the equipment and circuit can be safely energized. The repetitive manual
reclosing of circuit breakers or reenergizing circuits through replaced fuses shall
be prohibited. When it is determined that the automatic operation of a device
was caused by an overload rather than a fault condition, examination of the
circuit or connected equipment shall not be required before the circuit is
reenergized.
MAINTENANCE AND USE

Electrical protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition. TARGET COMPETENCIES
Insulating equipment shall be inspected for damage before each day’s use and
immediately following any incident that can reasonably be suspected of having
caused damage. Insulating gloves shall be given an air test, along with the
inspection. Electrical protective equipment shall be subjected to periodic
electrical tests. Test voltages and the maximum intervals between tests shall
be in accordance with Table 1.1.
NOTE:
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GOVERNING
RUBBER INSULATING
WHEN TO TEST STANDARD FOR
EQUIPMENT
TEST VOLTAGE
Before first issue;

Blankets ASTM F 479
every 12 months
If insulating value is
Covers ASTM F 478
suspect
Before first issue;

Gloves ASTM F 496
every 6 months
If insulating value is
Line hose ASTM F 478
suspect
Before first issue;

Sleeves ASTM F 496
every 12 months
*ASTM: American society for Test and Materials

Table 1.1 Rubber Insulating Equipment, Maximum Test Intervals
ELECTRIC ARC
Electric Arc is caused by sustained electric current passing from one solid
electrical conductor, or electrode, to another through air. The air in the space
between electrodes becomes an electrical conductor because the current
ionizes it, Fig. 1.12.
FIG.1.12 Electric Arc
Electric arc produces too much heat and can cause fire and explosion which
lead to the exposure of severe burns and injuries from metal fragments and
often leads to death, Fig. 1.13.
NOTE:
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FIG. 1.13 Electric Arc Causes Fire and Explosion
To minimize the risk of various electrical hazards all SEC technicians are
required to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) equipment that is
SPECIFIC SAFETY
appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to
be performed. This includes various types of protective helmets and glasses to
avoid injuries from hazards created by flying objects, molten metal, and
electrical sparks.
It’s important that the protective clothing is heat resistant and durable. For the
body, it’s important to have flexible and comfortable clothing that includes
standardized jackets, pants, shirts, and gloves.
Arcing Hazard
 Workers should always be aware of the arcing hazard when handling
tools and equipment near energized electrical conductors.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may be required in certain
TARGET COMPETENCIES
situations depending on the amount of energy available at the source,
Fig. 1.14.
 The power arc is a discharge of electricity through a combination of
ionized air and vaporized conductor material.
 The conductive material is vaporized by temperatures in an arc which
can be as high as 20,000 degrees Celsius.
 Burns associated with high energy arcs can be fatal even if the victim is
several feet from the arc, and severe burns at distances up to ten feet
are common.
NOTE:
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FIG. 1.14 Personal Protective Equipment
 Clothing may also be ignited at distances of several feet. This may also
be fatal because the clothing cannot be removed or extinguished quickly
enough to prevent serious burns over much of the body's skin.
NECESSARY PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTING WORK

GROUP LEADER
 Explain in detail the job to be done on a step-by-step basis.
 The potential hazards and risk factors expected.
 Tools, test equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing
necessary for each task of the job.
 Make sure that the personal protective equipment is tested, checked and
OK.
 Make sure that the personal protective equipment are tested, checked
and valid every month or every 3 months according to SEC standards.
 Make sure that the tools and test equipment are tested, checked and
valid every month or every 3 months according to SEC standards.
NOTE:
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WORK ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
 Write down your supervisor verbal instructions and take a copy of the
written instructions, take your time to discuss the working plan with him.
make sure that
 Review with your supervisor and your college/colleges the work
procedure, task steps and the updated single line diagram for the
network you required work on.
 You and your college/ colleges should work as a team, everyone should
know exactly his part of the work.
 Review with your supervisor the equipment needs to be connected,
disconnected, isolated or grounded and locate them in the single line
diagram Fig. 1.15.
 Put the necessary tools, test equipment and personal safety equipment
to get the job done in your car. Make sure that these equipment are teste,
checked and valid.
 Get the necessary work permits, clearances with a specified actions
SPECIFIC SAFETY
(word order), time table and equipment numbers.
 Some of the jobs/tasks (specially working on live networks) needs more
than one qualified technician to get the job done.
UPON ARRIVAL TO THE JOB SITE

 Make sure that you are in the correct site/sites, and verify equipment
numbers according to the single line diagram, Fig. 1.16.
 Select the an appropriate to park your car place especially when there is
a nearby road to avoid traffic accidents, it should be at a safe distance
from the work site.
 Take off the metal pieces you are wearing (watches, rings, …), leave
them in your the car don’t put them in your pocket.
 Do not hesitate to inform your supervisor or the dispatching center when TARGET COMPETENCIES
notice that there is obstacle, problems or unsafe conditions. Clarify the
risks or problems that may affect the implementation of the work (such
as hearing strange noises in the equipment or the presence of snakes,
scorpions, mice's ...).
 Confirm with your supervisor or the dispatching center that lines and
equipment at the work site disconnected from the network and not
energized (in case of repairing installed equipment or installing new
equipment.
 Distribute the work clearly with your colleague any separation process
on-line only in full coordination between you.
NOTE:
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FIG. 1.15 Single Line Diagram
NOTE:
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SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 1.16 Distribution Single Line Diagram
STARTING THE WORK

1. Make sure the site fences, barriers and cones prevent unauthorized
people from approaching the workplace, Fig. 1.17.
2. Safety first, does not work under pressure or instruction to speed up and TARGET COMPETENCIES
rush to get the work finished quickly.
3. Start the work tasks as planned and according to instructions, equipment
numbers, and the single-line diagram.
4. Repeat instructions and notifications twice with a colleague at the work
site or with your supervisor or the dispatch center.
5. Be sure to use safety padlocks and hold tags and make sure of the
validity of the equipment grounding, Fig. 1.18.
6. Make sure to discharge the static electricity of the equipment before
starting work on it.
NOTE:
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FIG. 1.17 Barriers and Cones
FIG. 1.18 Safety Padlocks and Hold Tags
7. Use the proper test devices to make sure that the equipment is
disconnected from both sides, grounded and the necessary safety
padlocks are used.
8. Focus on your work, straying or talking with others can lead to fatal
mistakes.
9. Open the equipment and equipment covers using proper tools, do not
hammer or use excessive force.
10. ONLY use screwdrivers for installing and removing screws.
11. After using a tool return it back to its original place in the toolbox. Do not
place it on top of equipment, you may forget it dropped inside the
equipment, which may lead to a short circuit and a catastrophic accident.
12. Check the oil level and use a clean labeled bottle to collect an oil sample,
Fig. 1.19.
NOTE:
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FIG. 1.19 Oil Sampling
13. Be sure to use the proper rubber blankets to cover nearby energized
lines, conductors or equipment and avoid sudden body movements when
taking or giving tools to your colleague, Fig. 1.20.
14. Give full attention to your colleague, do not argue with him. Complete the
SPECIFIC SAFETY
work as planned and according to instruction given to both of you.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 1.20 Using Rubber Blankets
AFTER COMPLETION OF THE WORK

1. Double-check all the equipment that has been dealt with during the
execution of the work, ensure the safety and quality of connections and
repairs, modify if necessary.
NOTE:
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2. Return all the tools back to its original place in the toolbox, a lost tool
may be dropped inside an equipment that may lead to a short circuit and
a catastrophic fire and explosion, Fig. 1.21.
FIG. 1.21 All Tools Are In Their Original Place

3. Check the oil level to make sure it passes all the required tests.
4. Check the mechanism of switches and circuit breakers to make sure they
work properly and safely (disconnect and connect at least 3 times).
5. Check the phase sequence especially if the work includes a new cable
connection or repair.
6. Check all the fuses (in case of RMUs), Fig. 1.22 make sure that their
current rating is according to standards.
FIG. 1.22 SF6 RMU

NOTE:
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7. Make sure that equipment covers are secure and in place.
8. Clean the floor at the workplace of dust and oil spills, and take all
remnants to trash (cable pieces, rags, nails, bolts, nuts,…).
9. Tell your supervisor that you completed the work according to the plan
and instructions, Take permission from your supervisor or the
dispatching center to restore the power (if you are authorized).
10. Disconnect temporary ground (if any), and remove holt tags and
padlocks.
11. Request that all workers stay away from the work site to a safe distance.
12. Request from your colleague to connect power to the equipment from
one end (in the case of disconnection from both ends).
13. Request from your colleague to connect power to the equipment from
the other end (in the case of RMU).
14. Check the voltage on both ends, Fig. 1.23. Make sure that the network
is restored according to a single-line diagram.
FIG. 1.23 Voltage Check SPECIFIC SAFETY

TARGET COMPETENCIES
15. Remove fences, barriers and, barricades, make sure that everyone is out
of the station to close the substation door.
WHEN RETURNING TO THE OFFICE

 Record what has been done in the logbook, put on your remarks (if
any), accurately state the time then close the work order.
 Tell your supervisor about all the remarks you believe will be useful for
future work.
NOTE:
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WORKING ON OVERHEAD LINES NETWORKS
The risk of working on overhead lines is higher than that in the ground network.
Overhead line networks include equipment spread over long distances, that
may lead to another operator working on the same network to
connect/disconnect the electricity. This needs additional safety measures to be
applied.
BEFORE LEAVING THE OFFICE

1. Write down your supervisor’s instructions and take a copy of the written
instructions, take your time to discuss the working plan with him. make
sure that
2. Review with your supervisor and your college/colleges the work
procedure, task steps, and updated single-line diagram for the network
you required work on.
3. You and your college/colleagues should work as a team, everyone

should know exactly his part of the work.
4. Review with your supervisor the equipment that needs to be connected,
disconnected, isolated, or grounded and located in the single-line
diagram.
5. Put the necessary tools, test equipment, and personal safety equipment
to get the job done in your car or bucket truck. Make sure that this
equipment is tested, checked, and valid.
6. Remember, some of the jobs/tasks (especially working on live networks)
need more than one qualified technician to get the job done.
7. Get the necessary work permits, clearances with specified actions (word
order), timetable, and equipment numbers.
NOTE:
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32
STARTING THE WORK ON OVERHEAD LINES
1. First use a proper test to confirm that the lines and equipment you will
work on are not energized, Fig. 1.24.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 1.24 Using Detector Voltage
2. Safety first, does not work under pressure or instruction to speed up and
rush to get the work finished quickly.
3. The line at work site should be disconnected, isolated and grounded from
both side (even for ring and radial networks, a customer backup
generator may be connected to the line, use temporary ground), Fig.
1.25.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 1.25 Connecting Temporary Ground
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
33
4. When there is two lines of different voltages on the pole / tower or two
parallel lines with unsafe clearance distance, (according to SEC
standards) disconnect, isolate and ground both from both side.
5. Ensure discharging of static electricity, keep the temporary ground till all
works are completed.
6. Put hold tags and padlocks on the disconnected switches and circuit
breakers, Fig. 1.26.
FIG. 1.26 Hold Tag & Padlock
NOTE
When the work includes work on ground networks and/or underground
cables, all the previous steps should be applied.
7. Make sure that all installed equipment is OK (conductors, jumpers,

insulators, surge arrestors, transformer bushings, automatic reclosers
and, automatic voltage regulators).
8. Check the Earth Fault Indicator (EFI), if installed to know the direction of
the fault as shown in Fig. 1.27.
FIG. 1.27 Earth Fault Indicator (EFI)

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
34
9. Select the most appropriate place to park the bucket truck especially
when there is a nearby road or trees nearby so as to avoid traffic or
personal accidents, Fig. 1.28.
FIG. 1.28 Bucket Truck
SPECIFIC SAFETY
10. Make sure to keep all other workers and cars relatively distant from the
work site, especially when working on insulators and conductors Fig.
1.29 shows a wrong practice.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 1.29 Wrong Practice
11. Remember to put all the tools needed to complete the work in the bucket
truck, hook the safety belt to avoid falling in case of unbalance and cut
trees branches too close to the line, record that in the logbook, also
record your remarks about the line equipment (jumpers, insulators,
conductors and sags).
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
35
12. Use the necessary personal safety and pole climbing equipment (body
belt, safety strap…) Fig. 1.30.
FIG. 1.30 Pole Climbing Equipment
13. When necessary, use the hot stick to reach equipment far from you even
you are in the bucket truck, Fig. 1.31.
FIG. 1.31 Using Hot Stick
14. Use the appropriate type of ladder (when needed), the safety belt should
hocked to the it.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
36
AFTER COMPLETION OF THE WORK
1. After completing the work return all the tools back to their original place
in the toolbox and, make sure that line parts and equipment are clean
(insulators, jumpers …).
2. Move the bucket truck away from the workplace.
3. Close the switches, put the fuses back, and put the jumpers back
(according to the work done or the task completed), Fig. 1.32.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 1.32 Closing Cutout Fuse with Hot Stick
4. Disconnect the grounds, remove padlocks, and hold tags.

TARGET COMPETENCIES
5. Get the work permit (work completed) signed. Check the workplace to
ensure that everything is OK before leaving.
6. Tell everyone to move to a safe distance away from the line.
7. Call your supervisor, control center, and/or your colleagues at the
workplace that you are about to restore/connect the power (electricity).
8. Close the switches on the other side of the line to restore normal
operation (taking into consideration the case of the ring network).
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
37
DEFINITIONS
AUTHORIZATION
The process of eligibility, which shall be carried out in each Department.
AUTHORIZED
Categories of SEC and Contractors employees who successfully achieve PAC
standard.
SAFETY DOCUMENTS
It is an authorization documents to complete required tasks and actions in a

secure manner, provided from the source to the recipient as a permit to carry
out a work (the document is determined according to the nature of the work
required to be implemented). Which is one of the most important safety
requirements and precautions that must be adhered to work on medium and

low voltage equipment and networks for the distribution and customer services
BL. and the services of subscribers of the Saudi Electricity Company.
WORK PERMIT ISSUER

He is the qualified employee authorized by Permanent Authorization Committee
(PAC) for rehabilitation to issue and close documents safety for works that fall
within the responsibility of his department.
This category is authorized for employees of the Saudi Electricity Company on
medium voltage and the low is to issue all the safety documents mentioned in
while they are authorized For LV contractor personnel only to issue safety
documents.
WORK PERMIT RECEIVER

He is the qualified employee authorized by Permanent Authorization Committee
(PAC) for rehabilitation to receive and close documents safety for works that fall
within the responsibility of his department.
This category is authorized for employees of the Saudi Electricity Company and
contractor employees Medium and Low voltage to receive all safety documents.
COMPETENT WORKER
He is the qualified employee who has obtained a professional license in his field
of work from the training department of the company or any entity accredited by
the company to carry out the work under the supervision of the recipient
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
38
(according to the jobs listed in the approved training and qualification matrix for
distribution activity and customer services).
This category is authorized for Saudi Electricity Company employees and
contractor employees.
DISPATCHER ENGINEER
He is the employee responsible for issuing the switching program number and
operational steps to isolate remotely or directly isolate the qualified source and
coordinate the execution of the steps operations on medium voltage equipment
and networks, specifying the safety document number and verifying the
appropriateness of the type of safety document for the work to be implemented.
This category is authorized for employees of the Saudi Electricity Company
only.
GUIDANCE CENTER
It is a center specialized in coordinating all works on low voltage equipment and
SPECIFIC SAFETY
networks and adopting the model of the switching program for contractors’ work
on low voltage after program validation, specifying the safety document number
and validating the appropriate type safety document for the work to be
performed.
SWITCHING PROGRAM
It is a sequence of operating and isolation steps that is prepared, reviewed and
approved by the control center for medium voltage works according to the
instructions in the manual ( DOM04-Distribution Operation Manual).
LOCKOUT
TARGET COMPETENCIES
A method used to prevent inadvertent closing of switches or disconnects. Using
Safety Locks intended for the purpose is an effective method. It is designed to
deter accidental or unauthorized operation of disconnecting means.
HOLD TAG
These prominent warning labels are affixed in a secure location, indicate that
the equipment/grid is isolated, and cannot be operated until removed.
POWER LINES
Overhead or underground distribution network lines.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
39
LOW VOLTAGE (LV)
It is the voltage level of the distribution equipment and networks in the Saudi
Electricity Company (230/120, 380/220 or 400/230) volts.
CHARGED EQUIPMENT
Equipment connected to a power source or containing residual energy or stored
energy.
ISOLATED EQUIPMENT
Grounded equipment means that all electrical supply sources are grounded.
MAIN GROUND OF THE EQUIPMENT/CIRCUIT
It is the main grounding device in the equipment that is used before safety
documents are issued. It is recorded in the safety documents and the main
ground is considered one of the components of the circuit or equipment.
PROTECTIVE GROUND (TEMPORARY)
An approved mobile grounding tool is delivered after safety documents have

been issued.
INSULATION AND CONDUCTION
The isolation or connection operations that take place on distribution equipment

and networks (switches, disconnecting cutout, circuit breakers, fuses,
distribution boards, meters or any other means of isolation and connection) and
includes the installation or removal of grounding the main equipment or mobile
ground.
BARRIERS AND WARNING SIGNS
They are the appropriate barriers to be used to define and enclose the work site
and areas including charged equipment and networks (containing electrical
energy), and can be considered dangerous area.
EXPOSURE VOLTAGE
A short-duration difference in potential between conductive objects that a
person may contact when personal protective grounds or a grounding system
conduct fault current. Also applicable to transferred potential between
separately grounded systems (stations), or difference in earth surface
potentials.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
40
GROUNDING
The connection of conductive parts of lines, structures, and equipment to earth
or other conductive medium (grounding system) that substitutes for earth, e.g.
station ground mat conductors.
GROUNDED WORKSITE
A work area that is made an equipotential safe working zone by the application
of personal protective grounds.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE GROUNDING (GROUNDS)

Cable connected to de-energized lines and equipment by jumpering and
bonding with appropriate clamps, to limit the voltage difference between
accessible points at a worksite to safe values if the lines or equipment are
accidentally re-energized.
STATIC GROUND
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Any grounding cable or bonding jumper (including clamps) that has an ampacity
less than the maximum available fault current at the worksite. Static grounds
are used for potential equalizing between conductive parts in grounding
configurations that cannot subject them to significant current.
STEP VOLTAGE
The difference in surface potential experienced by a person bridging a distance
of one meter with the feet without contacting any other grounded object.
TOUCH VOLTAGE
The difference in potential between a grounded structure or station and the
surface potential at the point where a person is standing while at the same time
having a hand in contact with the grounded structure or object. TARGET COMPETENCIES
TRANSFERRED TOUCH VOLTAGE
A special case of touch voltage where a voltage is conducted toward or away
from a grounded structure or station to a remote point. A transferred touch
voltage (potential) can be contacted between the hands or hands and feet.
A HAZARD
It is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on
something or someone under certain conditions at work. Sometimes a hazard
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
41
is referred to as being the actual harm or the health effect it caused rather than
the hazard.
RISK
It is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.
It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss.
RISK ASSESSMENT
It is the process where you identify hazards, analyze or evaluate the risk
associated with that hazard, and determine appropriate ways to eliminate or
control the hazard.
INCIDENT
An event that is either unpleasant or unusual.
ACCIDENT
An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically
resulting in damage or injury.
NEAR MISS
A narrowly avoided collision or other accident.
WORKING AT HEIGHTS
Means where there is the potential for a person to fall a minimum distance of
1.8 metres or more either to the ground or to another form of solid platform. The
distance is measured from the platform level to the lower level.
EXCAVATION
All construction work involves some form of excavation, for foundations, drains,
sewers, etc. These can vary greatly in depth and may be only a few centimeters
deep or be very deep and very dangerous.
LIFTING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

Is equipment used to mechanically move loads between two points.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
42
LESSON 2
SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE
TO ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
43
44
LESSON (2)
SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE TO ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses the safe approach distance to electrical equipment.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Apply safety precautions when approaching exposed conductors and
insulators.
 State the approach boundaries to energized electrical conductors or
circuit parts for shock protection for alternating current (AC) systems.
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
45
46
DEFINITIONS
SHOCK HAZARD ANALYSIS

A shock hazard analysis shall determine the voltage to which personnel will be
exposed, the boundary requirements, and the personal protective equipment
necessary in order to minimize the possibility of electric shock to personnel.
SHOCK PROTECTION BOUNDARIES

The shock protection boundaries identified as limited approach, restricted
approach, and prohibited approach boundaries shall be applicable where
approaching personnel is exposed to energized electrical conductors or circuit
parts.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN APPROACHING EXPOSED

CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
 Individuals must not allow any part of their body or objects to approach
within the specified Safety Clearances to exposed conductors, which are
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Live.
 When Points of Isolation have been established and exposed conductors
could be subject to any voltage, the only objects permitted to approach
within the Safety Clearances shall be Approved voltage measuring
devices or Earthing Devices. In special circumstances, and always
subject to prior assessment by an Authorized Person / Senior Authorized
Person, persons may approach within the Safety Clearances for the
application of the above-Approve devices.
 When Points of Isolation have been established and all Danger has been
totally excluded by the application of Earthing Devices, the approach is
allowed under an appropriate Safety Document within the specified
TARGET COMPETENCIES
Safety Clearances.
 Only an Authorized Person according to an approved procedure open or
replace fuses/links on overhead lines with the end of an Approved
Insulated Pole entering into the Safety Clearance.
THE SAFETY CLEARANCE

Is the distance specified to avoid any flash over between the line and anybody
or objects approaching the specified distance (boundary). However the density
of the charging level for the atmosphere along the route of the O.H.L. differ from
one place to other depending on the weather conditions and/or the lines running
parallel or crossing the specific line worked upon.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
47
FLASH PROTECTION BOUNDARY
An approach limit at a distance from exposed live parts within which a person
could receive a second-degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur.
LIMITED APPROACH BOUNDARY

An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which a shock
hazard exists.
RESTRICTED APPROACH BOUNDARY

An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which there is
LESSON 2: SAFE APPROACH DISTANCE TO ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
an increased risk of shock, due to electrical arc over combined with inadvertent
movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the live part.
APPROACH TO EXPOSED ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL

CONDUCTORS OR CIRCUIT PARTS OPERATING AT 50 VOLTS
OR MORE
No qualified person shall approach or take any conductive object closer to
exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or
more than the restricted approach boundary set out in Table 2.1, unless any of
the following apply:
1. The qualified person is insulated or guarded against the energized
electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts or more.
Insulating gloves or insulating gloves and sleeves are considered
insulation only with regard to the energized parts upon which work is
being performed. If there is a need for an uninsulated part of the qualified
person’s body to cross the prohibited approach boundary, a combination
of these shall be used to protect the uninsulated body parts.
2. The energized electrical conductors or circuit parts operating at 50 volts
or more are insulated from the qualified person and from any other
conductive object at a different potential.
3. The qualified person is insulated from any other conductive object during
live-line bare-hand work.
4. All dimensions are a distance from exposed energized electrical
conductors or circuit parts to the worker. This term describes a condition
in which the distance between the conductor and a person is not under
the control of the person. The term is normally applied to overhead line
conductors supported by poles.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
48
VOLTAGE CLEARANCE
< 300 volts (Insulated lines) 1 meter (3 feet)
300 volts to 50 KV (Insulated lines) 3 meters (10 feet)
< 50 KV (un-insulated lines) 3 meters (10 feet)
3 meters (10 feet) plus 10 cm

> 50 KV (insulated lines) (4 inches) for each kV above 50 kV
3 meters (10 feet) plus 10 cm

> 50 KV (un-insulated lines) (4 inches) for each kV above 50 kV
Table. 2.1 Approach Boundaries to Energized Electrical Conductors or Circuit

Parts for Shock Protection
SAFETY CLEARANCE FOR OVERHEAD LINES
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 2.1
SAFETY CLEARANCE FOR METAL-CLAD SWITCHGEAR

The same Safety Clearance distances as given in the tables (above) apply to
Metal Clad Switchgear. When approaching exposed live conductors in Metal
Clad switchgear the following must be done:
 Determine the Flash Protection Boundary and, if the boundary is to be
crossed, appropriate flash-flame protection equipment (PPE) must be
worn.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
49
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK ON OR NEAR TO MEDIUM
VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
 When work is to be carried out on or near to HV Equipment, an
Authorized Person shall assess the means of achieving Safety from the
System. When this is either by limiting the work or the work area,
instructions clearly defining the limits shall be given. The Authorized
Person shall then issue a Limited Access Permit.
 When limiting the work or the work area is insufficient to achieve Safety
from the System, the following safety precautions shall be applied:-
1. The HV Equipment shall be identified and the Control Person shall
prepare it for release from Operational Service.

2. The Authorized Person shall ensure that the Equipment is Isolated
and that Points of Isolation are established for the work.
3. The Authorized Person shall assess the situation, check for, confirm
no volts using an Approved voltage-testing device, and then
discharge the Equipment. The voltage indicator must be tested
immediately before and after use.
4. For work on MV Equipment, Primary Earths shall be applied within
the zone established by the Points of Isolation. Where reasonably
practicable the Primary Earths shall be locked.
5. The contents of the HV Equipment shall be adjusted to a level, which
avoids all Danger. Where drain valves are used they shall, where
practicable, be Locked in the appropriate position.
6. Where Danger could arise from pressurization, the MV Equipment
shall be vented. The emissions shall be dissipated to avoid Danger.
Where reasonably practicable drain vents shall be locked open.
7. Where internal access is required, and the residue of contents could
cause Danger, the MV Equipment shall be purged. The emissions
shall be dissipated to avoid Danger. The Equipment shall be restored
to atmospheric pressure when purging is complete.
8. Where Danger could arise from the release of stored energy, an
action shall be taken to contain or dissipate this energy safely.
9. When work on the MV Equipment does not require the removal of
Primary Earths a Permit to Work shall be issued.
 When work is to be carried out on MV Equipment, and where it is
necessary to restore the means of supplying power for certain Approved
work/tests, during the period that the Permit to Work is in force and the
removal of Primary Earths is not required, the following additional
precautions shall be applied:-
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
50
1. No other Permit to Work or Sanction for Test shall be in force on the
same items of MV Equipment.
2. An Approved written procedure shall be provided and observed. This
shall specify the requirements necessary to maintain Safety from the
System for the period whilst motive power is restored.
 When work is to be carried out on MV Equipment, and where it is

necessary to restore a means of supplying power for certain Approved
removal of Primary Earths is required, the following procedure shall be
followed:
1. All the members of the working parties shall be withdrawn and all
Safety Documents for work on the MV Equipment shall be cleared.
2. The Authorized Person / Senior Authorized Person shall assess the
work and issue a Sanction for Test that allows the removal of the
Primary Earths for the period that power is restored to the MV
Equipment.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
 When testing on MV Equipment requires the removal of Primary Earths
a Sanction for Test shall be issued. Provided Safety from the System is
maintained the following additional precautions shall be applied.
1. No Permit to Work or other Sanction for Test shall be in force on the
same item of HV Equipment or any other item of MV Equipment which
could be affected by the removal of the Primary Earths.
2. The Primary Earths that may be removed and replaced during the
testing shall be positively identified.
3. Essential supplies, which may be restored to enable the work to take
place, shall be defined.
4. Testing shall be carried out in accordance with an Approved written
procedure.
 When work must be done on or near MV Equipment by more than one

TARGET COMPETENCIES
Working Party at the same time, the following shall be applied:-
1. Only one Authorized Person shall assess the work and if the work
does not require the removal of Primary Earths, Permits to Work can
be issued to every Competent Person responsible for supervising the
work performed by the respective Working Party as long as the work
by the different working parties is done using the same points of
isolation and primary earth. All the Competent Persons must add their
locks.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
51
2. When it is required to issue a Sanction for a Test to a specific Working
Party, no Safety Documents will be issued to the other Working
Parties.
3. If any Safety Documents are outstanding, the Sanction for a Test
shall not be issued until such time that the other Safety Documents
have been cancelled.
 When Danger from induced voltages could arise during the course of
work, Additional Earths shall be applied. Any Portable Additional Earths
shall be issued with the Permit to Work or Sanction for Test, together
with an Earthing Schedule if necessary, which shall specify the Additional
Earth requirements for each stage of the work.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK ON OR NEAR TO LOW

VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT
 When work is to be carried out on or near to LV Equipment, an
System. When this is by limiting the work or the work area, instructions
clearly defining the limits shall be given. The work will then proceed
under the Supervision of the Authorized Person. When the Authorized
Person decides it is necessary to confirm these instructions in writing, he
shall issue a Limited Access Permit.
from the System, work on or near to LV Equipment shall where
reasonably practicable be carried out with the LV Equipment Dead. The
following safety precautions shall be applied:-
1. The LV Equipment shall be identified and the Authorized Person shall
prepare it for release from Operational Service.
2. The Authorized Person shall ensure that the LV Equipment is Isolated
and that Points of Isolation are established for the work.
 An Authorized Person shall assess the work required on or near the

Dead LV Equipment and decide whether it shall be carried out under;
1. Under the Direct Supervision of an Authorized Person, or
2. Limited Access Permit, or
3. Permit to Work (LV), or
4. Sanction for Test (if required).
 When work is to be carried out on LV Equipment, and where it is

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
52
removal of Primary Earths is not required, the following shall be applied:
1. No other Permit to Work or Sanction for Test shall be in force on the
same items of LV Equipment.
System for the period whilst motive.
 When work is to be carried out on LV Equipment, and where it is

removal of Primary Earths is required, the following procedure shall be
followed:
1. All members of the working parties shall be withdrawn and all Safety
Documents for work on the LV Equipment shall be cleared.
2. The Authorized Person shall assess the work and issue a Sanction
for the Test that allows the removal of the Primary Earths for the
SPECIFIC SAFETY
period that power is restored to the LV Equipment.
 When it is unreasonable for the LV Equipment to be made dead, suitable

precautions shall be taken to avoid Danger. An Authorized Person shall
assess the work required on or near the Live LV Equipment and decide
whether it shall be carried out under:
1. Precautions specified in an Approved written procedure, or
2. A Limited Access Permit.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK ON OR NEAR TO

MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
 When work is to be carried out on or near to Mechanical Equipment, an
System. When this is by limiting the work or the work area (equipment TARGET COMPETENCIES
did not required to be shutdown), instructions clearly defining the limits
shall be given. When the Authorized Person decides it is necessary to
confirm these instructions in writing, he shall issue a Limited Access
Permit.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
53
from the System the following safety precautions shall be applied.
1. The Mechanical Equipment shall be identified and the Authorized
Person shall prepare it for release from Operational Service.
2. The Authorized Person shall ensure that the Mechanical Equipment
is Isolated and that Points of Isolation are established for the work.
3. The contents of the Mechanical Equipment shall be adjusted to a
level that avoids Danger. Where drain valves are used they shall
where practicable be Locked in the appropriate position.
4. Where Danger could arise from pressurization, the Mechanical
Equipment shall be Vented. The emissions shall be dissipated so as

to avoid Danger. Where reasonably practicable vents shall be Locked
open.
5. Where internal access is essential, and the residue of contents could
cause Danger, the Mechanical Equipment shall be Purged. The
emissions shall be dissipated so as to avoid Danger. The Equipment
shall be restored to atmospheric pressure when purging is complete.
6. Where Danger could arise from the release of stored energy, an
action shall be taken to contain or dissipate this energy safely.
7. Before work commences a Permit to Work (Mechanical) shall be
issued.
 When work is to be carried out on Mechanical Equipment, and it is

necessary to restore the means of supplying power for certain Approved
work, during the period that the Permit to Work is in force, the following
additional precautions shall be applied.
1. No other Permit to Work shall be in force on the same items of
Mechanical Equipment.
System for the period whilst motive power is restored.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
54
BOUNDARY IDENTIFICATION OF SAFE WORKING AREAS
 The boundary to the safe working area shall be defined clearly using red
and white tape or red and white chain. Danger notices must be displayed
at regular intervals at the limit of the safe working area and facing
towards the safe area. Where necessary it shall be protected physically
to prevent Danger to individuals in the area from System hazards near
to the work area.
 Ensure Access Control by determining the extent of the area of work
and demarcate it with barricade tape or use another reliable means to
restrict entry into the area. Other components of demarcation include
demarcation foots, support posts, chains and D Links.
 These areas must:
1. Under the control of a Competent Person;
2. Be in an area set apart by barriers to prevent entry;
3. Having suitable warnings provided at the entrance;
4. Accessible during testing only to Competent Person and people
SPECIFIC SAFETY
working under his direct.
NOTES
 Having suitable warning lights indicating that testing is in progress and
other warning lights to indicate when it is safe to enter the area.
 Display safety posters, e.g. Electric shock: first-aid procedures, at
prominent locations, showing emergency arrangements, especially
telephone numbers.
 Have good housekeeping arrangements, including adequate clear
working space.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
55
56
LESSON 3
METERING
57
58
LESSON (3)
METERING
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses metering devices.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Familiarize with general requirements and installation for electrical
energy meters.
 Familiarize with the precautions of C.T and P.T.
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
59
60
GENERAL
KWh meter is an integrating instrument, which registers electrical energy. SEC
generally at customer premises for registering accurate electricity consumption
installs these kWh meter. An accurate kWh meter is that which registers correct
amount of energy, which is delivered to a load, without any error i.e. 100%
registration. Manufacturing and practical constraints do not allow building an
ideal 100% registration meter. Therefore, some tolerances in measurement and
registration are acceptable SEC provides bills to its customer based on energy
recorded by these revenue kWh meters.
This SEC standard deal with On-Site testing method and requirements for CT
& (MV) CT/VT kWh meters used in SEC Distribution system. In addition, it
covers the methods (Accuracy verification method) to detect inaccurate kWh
meter and the criteria for replacement on defined ground(s). All field instruments
(Portable meter test) for testing kWh meter and its connection are listed.
The kWh meter testing is carried out to determine whether its recording is
accurate when the customer consumes a definite amount of energy. The
SPECIFIC SAFETY
customer confidence in the accuracy of metering system is important for
efficient functioning of SEC revenue collecting system.
Therefore, when accuracy of kWh meter is challenged, it is the responsibility of
SEC to satisfy the customer by thorough investigation and testing if necessary.
BRIEF ABOUT THE SMART METERS PROJECT SMP

To improve the level of electrical services for the better, the Board of Directors
of the Saudi Electricity Company agreed to award the most important project
towards digital transformation, the smart meters project, which includes the
installation of 10 million smart meters for all customers in the coming period in
all cities, governorates and villages of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at a cost of
TARGET COMPETENCIES
the project estimated at 9,5 million riyals Saudi and the project construction start
date was December 12, 2019, and it is expected that the project will have a
positive impact on the company's results once the project is completed
After the project is completed, the smart meters will provide an automated
system from reading to billing, and will allow the customer to monitor his
consumption in real time and obtain detailed information to help him modify his
consumption pattern. It is the promising project towards a comprehensive
national development led by the Kingdom's Vision 2030 for a prosperous future.
Fig. 3.1.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
61
FIG. 3.1 Types of Smart Meters
A customer’s journey towards enjoying the benefits of smart meters runs

through three phases:
FIRST PHASE
Is replacing the old, mechanical meters with new, smart ones Fig. 3.2.
LESSON 3: METERING
FIG. 3.2 Replacing Old Meter with New Smart One
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
62
SECOND PHASE
The new meters will be connected to a telecommunications grid Fig. 3.3
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 3.3 New Meter Connected To A Telecom. Grid
THIRD PHASE
They will be tied into the company’s billing system and smartphone applications
will be lunched. Fig. 3.4 & 3.5.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 3.4 AMI and Customer Systems Work Together To Automate Functions
and Manage Demand-Side Consumption
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
63
LESSON 3: METERING
FIG 3.5 Smartphone Applications
These phases are implemented by the company without the customers

incurring any costs (installation, operation, maintenance) and they are among
the responsibilities and procedures of the company as mentioned in the
conditions and procedures for following up the status of the meters, their
maintenance and replacement, provided it is proved that the customer is not
responsible, and also the customers have tasks and responsibilities, including
the governorate The meters must not be tampered with, and also here to
implement the smart meters project by providing assistance in removing
obstacles such as dense trees, cars or building debris around the current meter
box or boxes (if any) in order to facilitate the tasks of the technical teams when
installing the smart meter
After the completion of all phases of the project, the smart meters will provide a
number of advantages (features and benefits),It’s the core of our strategy for
even better services.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
64
SMP FEATURES AND BENEFITS
Some of the many features that smart meters offer for better electricity services
include:
 A fully automated billing process with no human intervention from meter
reading to bill issuance.
 Customer can monitor his consumption with a smartphone application.
 Customers can also obtain detailed data of their power usage that will
help them adjust their consumption patterns.
 Service may be restored in a short period of time, in lieu of switching it
back on manually, which could take much longer.
 Service can be assigned to customers as the actual end user, whether
they are a tenant or the owner of the home or business in question.
Our smart meters are at the heart of our Smart Metering Project, our
premier Digital Transformation project. Among the types of smart meters
are the following:
SPECIFIC SAFETY
KAIFA METERS
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO CURRENT

 MA309M WC Meter (100A).
 MA309M WC Meter (160A).
 MA309M CT Meter.
 MA309M CT-VT Meter.
ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
 Reference Voltage: 3× 220V/380V, 3×133V/230V.
 Voltage Range: 176V~264V, 106.4~159.6V.
 Extreme working voltage: 456V.
 Frequency: 50Hz ± 5%, 60Hz ± 5%. TARGET COMPETENCIES
 Power consumption: Static: ≤10W/30VA; Communicating: ≤30W/40VA.
COMMUNICATION
 LAN Prime PLC, RS-485.
 WAN 4G, Ethernet.
 Local Optical port.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
65
LESSON 3: METERING
FIG 3.6 KAIFA Meter
FIG 3.7 KAIFA Meter Front View
ENVIRONMENT
 Working/Storage temperature: -25°C ~ 85°C.
 Relative humidity: Up to 95%.
 Water/dust protection degree: IP54.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
66
SAFETY INSTRUCTION
INSTALLATION
Power must be cut off before installation or removal of the meter.
MAINTENANCE PURPOSE
 Suggested installation height is 1.8~2.0m from the ground.
 Install meter in the protection box to avoid solar radiation and
tampering.
INSPECTION SHOULD BE PERFORMED AS FOLLOWS

 Meter should be with good appearance, no obvious damage.
 Seal of manufacturer is in good condition.
CAUTION
Bad wire connection will cause meter over heat or burned, it is very
important to make sure all screws were fixed tightly before powering on
SPECIFIC SAFETY
meter; it is strongly recommended to double check all screws after
connecting wires.
OPERATION
1. Do not break the seal and remove terminal cover without authorization.
2. Do not break the seal and remove communicate module without
authorization.
3. Never remove the meter cover while the meter is in operation. The
exposed circuits and components may lead to injuries or damage to the
meter.
4. Meter working voltage should be less than 120% nominal voltage
TARGET COMPETENCIES
(120%Un), load current should be less than 120% maximum current
(120% Imax). Long time over voltage and over load may lead to damage
the meter.
5. Do not operate the meter with wet hands.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
67
E3005 METER
E3005 Electronic meter is a WC type meter, which fully meet the specifications
of SEC. the meter, is very functional and advanced. Fig. 3.8.
FIG 3.8 E3005 Meter
ONE DESIGN COVER TWO TYPES

LESSON 3: METERING
 3P4W-- 3*133/230V 10(100)A 60Hz.

 3P4W-- 3*230/400V 10(100)A 60Hz.
FEATURES
 High metering accuracy.
 High security level.
 Powerful and customer oriented function design.
 Wide supply voltage.
FIG 3.9 E3005 Meter Front View

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
68
The Meter equipped a battery & sup-capacitor for maintaining the real time clock
and tampering events, as well as display reading during the main power supply
outage. The battery is replaceable in the field only breaking seal of battery cover
as shown in Fig. 3.10 when found the symbol on LCD is flashing. It
means battery of meter is Low or depleted and need to replace the battery. The
meter supports replace battery during the power on condition.
FIG 3.10 Battery Cover & Battery Status
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG 3.11 Meter Terminals Connection
SAFETY INSTRUCTION
TARGET COMPETENCIES
DURING INSTALLATION
The meter need to be handled with great care during the operating process. If
some meter fell down. Please pick out it and store in separate place, and then
do the retesting for confirmation.
AFTER INSTALLATION
 Check the wiring whether is correct.
 Check the screws whether are tightened.
 Check the Antenna connection is reliable.
 Sealing the terminal cover with the lead sealing.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
69
OPERATION
 Check the meter is working normally.
 Check the LCD symbols to judge whether have some abnormal status
S34U18/S33U18 SMART METER FROM MEMF

Model S34U18/S33U18 watt-hour meter adopts advanced microelectronics
technology and SMT manufacturing process, according with corresponding
national and international standards of IEC62052-11/IEC62053-21/23.The
meter has high accuracy, strong function and good stability. The meter has
three kinds of standard communication: optical, Two RS485 (withRJ45
interface) and PLC-G3/PRIME (v1.4)/3G/4G/NB-IoT.
LESSON 3: METERING
FIG 3.12 S34U18/S33U18 Meter
METER VARIANTS
CURRENT
ACCURACY
SERIES TYPE WIRING RATING
(ACTIVE)
(A)
S34U18 WC 3P4W Class 1 10（100）
S34U18 WC 3P4W Class 1 20（160）
S34U18 CT 3P4W Class 0.5 1.5 (6)
S33U18 CTVT 3P3W Class 0.5 1.5(6)

Table 3.1
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
70
SAFETY REGULATIONS
The following safety regulations must be observed at all times:
 The meter connections must be disconnected from all voltage sources
during installation or when opening.
 Contact with live parts can be fatal. The main fuses should, therefore, be
removed and kept in a safe place until the work is completed so that
other persons cannot replace them unnoticed.
 Local safety regulations must be observed. Only technically qualified and
appropriately trained personnel are authorized to install the meters.
 Protection earth connection must not be switched with the disconnected.
 Only "useful" tools have to be used. This means a screwdriver has to
have the correct size for the screws and the metallic part of a screwdriver
has to be insulated.
 The meters must be held securely during installation. They can cause
injuries if dropped.
 Meters that have been dropped must not be installed, even if no damage
SPECIFIC SAFETY
is apparent, but must be returned to the service and repair department
(or the manufacturer) for testing. Internal damage may result in
malfunctions or short circuits.
 The meters must never be cleaned under running water or with
compressed air. Water ingress can cause short circuits.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Regardless of the type of network (U/G, O/H or mix), the operating personnel
must follow all the precautionary measures given in the prevailing procedures
like, (DSM-01-03), (DSM-06-00). The Crew must focus on the following main
safety related points:
a) All personal protective gears (i.e. helmet (safety cap), gloves and
shoes etc.) must be worn while carrying out any switching TARGET COMPETENCIES
operation.
b) All personnel responsible for switching operation must be fully
aware of SEC standard safety practices and equipped with suitable
protective devices. Certified electrical rubber gloves must be worn
while carrying out switching operation on the network.
c) Power Supply shall be put “OFF” prior to removal or reinstallation
of L.V Fuses. Voltmeter shall be used to further check the absence
of voltage.
d) Recommendations by the manufacturer of the equipment related to
its’ switching operations, especially from safety point of view must
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
71
be known to the operating personnel. Only authorized persons shall
carry out the job.
ON-SITE TESTING REQUIRES

On-site testing requires special attention for safety measures as it involves work
on energized equipment/installation. The following safety measures shall strictly
be followed to avoid any possible accident during testing.
1. Meter tester shall have adequate knowledge of test method, meter test
equipment operation, connections and error computation/calculation. He
must have authorization for working on live equipment.
2. Meter tester shall carry out the work with due care, attention and
adherence to standard procedure as mentioned in this standard.
3. Insulation of connecting leads shall be in good condition, worn out leads
shall not be used.
4. Tester must wear all required safety gears such as;
o Safety shoes.
o Safety gloves.
o Safety hat.
o Safety glasses/face shield.
o Cotton apron.
LESSON 3: METERING
5. Light at test location shall be sufficient.

6. Connection shall be neat and tight. It shall be verified with applicable
connection diagram.
7. Other installation except the one under testing shall not be disturbed.
8. Operating tools such as Screwdrivers, Nose and Cutter Plier shall be
insulated type.
9. Kwh meter calibration is not permitted on site.
PRE-TEST VISUAL INSPECTION / CHECKS

 Visual inspection must be done prior to starting the technical test.
 It can be a guide if there is any minor, dangerous problem or customer
mess up on the meter.
 Meter Inspector should check and fill the inspection form including any
remarks for any rectification
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
72
CAUTIONS
 It is very necessary to disconnect the circuit from the consumer side
because some consumers have their own generators connected to bus
bar Panel. In this case, the consumer feedback occur for any circuit
connected the circuit in terms of the consumer, therefore disconnect the
circuit from the consumer side.
 In the circle of important services (hospitals, schools, etc. ...) the
company offers generators linked to the panel to the consumer.
 During a power failure, some consumers make repairs or internal
modifications, If you connect the circuit again may a technician injures
therefore it is necessary to disconnect the circuit from the both sides of
the consumer.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND INSTALLATION

The design and installation of the meter in a manner to prevent any risks that
may arise during the normal operation under normal circumstances, and it
SPECIFIC SAFETY
follows to secure:
 Personal safety against electric shock.
 The personal safety of excessive heat.
 Fire safety risks.
All the parts prone to corrosion and rust be under normal operating conditions
are protected against the atmosphere surrounding factors. Lay part of counter
parts have the protective coating is removable or damage as a result of normal
handling or as a result of exposure to air under normal operating conditions.
Meter is a suitable mechanical durability and bear the high temperatures that
are likely to occur during operation.
 Meter any noise that does not happen, while it is running more than 23
dB just one meter or more.
 Meter be a source of dust, which can carry the seal in a manner to TARGET COMPETENCIES
prevent access it to the internal parts and break or damage the seal. You
cannot remove or move the meter cover without the use of an
appropriate tool (screwdriver, a coin, etc.).
 Installation screws be carrying the seal indicating inside the meter cover.
To provide any counter, a meter wholly or partially of metal, grounded
protective plug.
 The electrical connections are made to prevent the occurrence of any
open electrical circuits during normal operating conditions, including any
overload set.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
73
 If the device was not transparent cover must be provided with a window
or more to read the note and the disc, that these openings are covered
with a transparent and cannot be removed, but the destruction of the
seal.
FUSE HOLDER BURNT /DAMAGE OR LVCB BURNT/DAMAGE
ACTION REQUIRED
 Open TR feeder breaker, replace damage fuse holder/LVCB if spare is
available, including other damage components like lugs, bolts etc.
 If spare is not available, make temporary jumper connection.
 After repair or temporary connection done, restore power supply.
 Prepare incident report and submit to the supervisor to inform
maintenance section to make necessary repair.
DAMAGE LVDP DUE TO ACCIDENT
ACTION REQUIRED
 Open TR feeder breaker
 Install safety barriers for pedestrian protection.
LESSON 3: METERING
 Clear damage network components

 Make temporary load transfer to alternate source if available and
possible.
 If no alternate supply is available, mobile generator shall be arranged.
 Prepare the accident report and submit it to the shift supervisor to inform
maintenance to take necessary repair.
LOOSE CONNECTION IN INCOMER METER TERMINAL

BLOCK/BREAKER
Tight well so sparking may occur which causes burning of the connection points
and show irregular voltage on three phases of cable service (i.e. the measured
voltage between each phase of the cable may be a different reading from the
previous reading) Fig. 3.13 & 3.14.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
74
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 3.13 kWh Meter and its Breakers
FIG. 3.14 Loose Connection

TARGET COMPETENCIES
ACTION REQUIRED
 Open CB/ Remove Fuse in LVDP that supply the minipilar.
 Remove fuse in minipillar supplying the service connection.
 Tighten loose connection, replace connectors if required.
 If burnt or damage CB/terminal block, replace if spare is available
or make temporary jumper connection Fig. 3.15.
 After repair, restore the power supply by re-installing fuse in
Minipillar before closing CB/re-installing fuse in LVDP.
 Make incident report as required for any work to be done by
maintenance team.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
75
FIG. 3.15 Temporary Jumper Connection
BURNING OF COMPLETE METER BOX
ACTION REQUIRED
 Open CB/Fuse in LVDP that supply the Minipillar or consumer.
 Remove Fuses in the Minipillar which feeds service to the customer.
 Make sure that correct service cable is isolated by measuring the voltage
(by Volt Meter) of three phases of cable on the meter entry points.
 Disconnect service cable from the meter box.
 Disconnect customer service cable.
 Remove the burnt meter box.
LESSON 3: METERING
 make temporary jumper connection.

 inform maintenance section to replace the burnt meter.
 Re-install the fuse in the Minipillar before closing the CB/ or re-installing
fuse in the LVDP restore the supply to the customer and measure the
voltage at the service cable to ensure that supply has standard voltage.
FIG. 3.16 Burned Meter Box

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
76
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
These instrument transformers are of two types:-
 Current transformers.
 Potential transformers.
For measurement of very high ac current and voltage, we cannot use these
methods. Instead, we use specially constructed HV instrument transformers to
insulate the high voltage circuit from the measuring circuit in order to protect the
measuring instruments from burning Fig. 3.17.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 3.17 Current Transformer
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 3.18 Potential Transformer
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
77
PRECAUTION FOR C.T AND P.T
 For safety purpose the secondary should be completely insulated from
the high voltage primary and should be in addition grounded.
 Dangerous voltages are likely to be present in the vicinity of current
transformers. The primary terminals of wound-primary CTs are at
mains potential.
 Provision should be made for shorting the current transformers and
isolating the meter from the voltage supplies to enable maintenance or
removal of the meter.
 Under no circumstances may the secondary circuit of a CT be opened
when current is flowing in the primary circuit. The voltage generated in
the primary winding is stepped up by the turns-ratio of the CT (typically
by a factor of several hundred). The voltage in the primary winding can
reach several thousand volts in a fraction of a second if the secondary’s
are made open-circuit while current is flowing in the circuit being
metered. Such high voltages can be dangerous to personnel and can
cause serious damage to the transformer or equipment connected to it.
Such damage may not be immediately obvious, but will certainly lead to
incorrect operation of the equipment.
LESSON 3: METERING
 In LV (low-voltage) installations it is recommended that the current

transformer secondary leads are grounded as protection against static
voltages or insulation failure. Only one connection to ground is
necessary and it is general practice to make this at the transformer. In
MV (Medium-voltage) installations the current transformers must be
grounded.
 Never short circuit the secondary of an energized VT
o VTs are intended to be used as proportional voltage devices.
o Damaging current will result from short circuiting the secondary
circuit of an energized VT.
 CT secondary leads must be added to the CT burden
o Electronic relays usually represent very little burden to the CT
secondary circuit.
o In many cases the major burden is caused by the CT secondary
leads.
 Never use a 60 Hz rated VT on a 50 Hz System
o 60 Hz VTs may saturate at lower frequencies and exceed
temperature limitations.
o VT failure is likely severe equipment damage is possible.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
78
LESSON 4
AUTHORITY WORKING ON
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
79
80
LESSON (4)
AUTHORITY WORKING ON DISTRIBUTION
NETWORKS
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses the authority working on distribution networks.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Set out the requirements for authorization of Employees who will operate
or work on the SEC Distribution system.
 Recognize the different authorization cards.
 Determine the responsibilities of authorized SEC & Contractor
employees.
 Determine the responsibilities of control & guidance centers.
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
81
82
INTRODUCTION
The Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), safety rules mandate that only person
who holds authorizations (under supervision of authorized issuer or receiver)
can enter and perform work in the SEC Distribution System, Substations and
Network.
Accordingly, a written procedure is necessary to detail the requirements,
methods and authorizations to be adopted.
The application for LV/MV different authorization categories are as following:
1. SEC Employee
 Issuer.
 Receiver.
 Competent Worker.
2. Contractor Employee
 Issuer (Low Voltage Only)
 Receiver.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
 Competent Worker.
AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENTS
"SEC" EMPLOYEE
A set of requirements has to be covered before getting authorization. This set
consists of a standard procedure to be applied restrictedly when working on
distribution networks.
ELIGIBILITY FOR "AUTHORIZED SAFETY DOCUMENT

ISSUER"
1. Employees shall have a minimum qualification, Diploma of Associate
TARGET COMPETENCIES
Engineer (Electrical), having (five-5) years’ experience in the same
department at same post/designation like, Technician or Foreman, ..etc.
2. Authorized Issuer should have successfully complete following
trainings:-
 SEC Distribution Safety Rules, Safe Isolation, Switching Procedures.
 First aid, Emergency rescue and Fire.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
83
ELIGIBILITY FOR ‘’AUTHORIZED SAFETY DOCUMENT
RECEIVER’’
1. Employees shall have minimum qualification, Diploma of Associate
Engineer (Technician Designation), having (five-5) years’ experience in
same department at same post / designation like, Technician or
Foreman, etc.
2. Authorized Receiver should have successfully complete following
trainings:-
LESSON 4: AUTHORITY WORKING ON DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
ELIGIBILITY FOR ‘’AUTHORIZED COMPETENT WORK’’

1. Competent worker should be minimum secondary qualification (10 years
schooling) and 2 years technical certificate (Electrical) in relevant field
like:
 Electrician.
 Cable Jointer.
 Fitter.
 Heavy Vehicle Operators (Crane, Excavator, and Truck) local driving
license is must.
2. Categories in competent worker should be according to the SEC
departments need.
3. Authorized competent worker should have successfully complete
following trainings:-
 Electrician (cable termination, splicing, jointing, etc.)
NOTE
On Successful completion of all requirements, SEC Employee (Issuer,
Receiver & Competent Worker) will be eligible to apply for authorization.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
84
CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEE
ELIGIBILITY FOR "AUTHORIZED SAFETY DOCUMENT

ISSUER" LOW VOLTAGE ONLY
1. The minimum educational qualification of the Contractor employee must
be an Electrical Diploma with at least 3 years’ experience in Network
Operations or Technical Electrical Works.
2. Authorized Contractor Issuer (LV Only) should have complete following
trainings with success rate of at least 90%:-
 OHS General Induction.
 First aids.
3. Pass the Permanent Authorization Committee (PAC) exam by ≥ 90%.
ELIGIBILITY FOR ‘’AUTHORIZED SAFETY DOCUMENT

RECEIVER’’
According to the requirements described in Paragraph No. (8) of the approved
SPECIFIC SAFETY
procedure in the name of (Authorization of Staff Procedure- DHSEM No: 01-
001).
AUTHORIZATION’S CARDS
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 4.1 SEC Authorization Card (Issuer)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
85
FIG. 4.2 SEC Authorization Card (Receiver)
FIG. 4.3 Contractor Authorization Card (Only LV Issuer)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
86
FIG. 4.4 Contractor Authorization Card (Receiver)
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 4.5 SEC Authorization Card
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
87
FIG. 4.6 Contractor Authorization Card
FIG. 4.7 Backside of All Cards
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
88
RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OF SAFETY DOCUMENT
It is the responsibility of the all concerned SEC Departments Managers /
Division manager, Sector / Department safety coordinator, Safety
representative, Authorized issuer, Authorized receiver, Contractor's safety
engineer and Supervisors and DHSE Group to implement these safety
documents (MV and LV) as following:-
DEPARTMENT / DIVISION MANAGERS

 Circulating the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules to all work area
under their responsibility and ensure that they understand and apply the
procedure and verify that audits and reviews of issued safety documents
have been implemented.
 Ensure that all the resources needed to implement this procedure are
available to all work area under their responsibility.
 Ensure that qualification cards are issued to qualified employees of the
company and contractor according to the test and qualification results .
SPECIFIC SAFETY
 Follow up on the expiration of qualification cards and their renewal.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

DEPARTMENT
 Prepare the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules.
 Explain the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules to the employees of
the occupational health, safety and environment groups in the sectors
and departments, and respond to inquiries.
 Review this procedure periodically and update it when needed.
 Carrying out field inspection visits (scheduled / unscheduled) to audit the
work of departments and service offices in the activity to monitor
compliance and adherence to the implementation of safety documents TARGET COMPETENCIES
and procedures accurately according to the nature of work and to take
the necessary actions.
SECTION HEAD AND UNIT SUPERVISORS

 Circulating the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules to their employees
and ensure that they understand and apply the procedure and record
any observations or suggestions.
 Discuss the procedure with contractor's supervisors and ensure that they
are understand and apply the procedure.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
89
 Ensure that the work of issuing safety documents for medium and low
voltage is assigned only by qualified persons holding valid cards.
 Keep the operational switching program with the work permit after
implementation with the authority responsible for the work.

GROUPS IN THE SECTOR
 Review the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules periodically and raise
notes when needed.
 Explain the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules to departmental
employees, ensuring their understanding and application of it, checking

it, responding to any inquiries related to this procedure, and submitting
any observations or suggestions for amendment or addition.
 Oversee the monthly audit required by the departmental Occupational
Health, Safety and Environment groups on safety documents issued to
contractors on low voltage and participate in the audit if necessary.

GROUPS IN THE DEPARTMENT
 Explain the procedure of Distribution Safety Rules to their employees
and contractor personnel and ensure that they understand and apply the
procedure.
 A monthly review of 10% of the work permits issued to contractors to
work on low voltage equipment, provided that the monthly sample
includes all contractors, taking corrective measures if necessary, and
keeping the audit results for review when needed.
SEC EMPLOYEE ISSUING THE SAFETY DOCUMENTS AND THE

ISSUANCE PROCEDURES
1. Having the qualification original card at the work site and that it is valid.
2. Visiting the work site and issuing the permit from the site.
3. Ensuring the correctness of the data recorded in the name form of work
team, which is a prerequisite before starting work.
4. Ensuring the recipient's eligibility and that he has a valid card that meets
the safety document.
5. Ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, tools and
equipment necessary for the work team according to the specifications
approved by the company.
6. Ensuring the installation of protective barriers if necessary.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
90
7. Ensuring the availability of risk assessment and safe work procedures
for the work to be performed by the recipient.
8. Writing the operating program number when issuing safety documents
and before starting the isolation process, in addition the operating
program number is recorded for review during the audit or investigation
in the event of an accident.
9. Executing the switching operating program as instructed by the control
center.
10. The isolation points shall be known, named and permanently marked.
The isolation points on the site must also match the numbers shown in
the safety documents.
11. The applying the system of locks and warning cards to secure all energy
sources according to the operational program, and the participation of
the recipient of the safety document in determining the points of safety
locks and warning cards.
12. Stopping work if conditions become unsafe for the continuation of work
and cancelling the safety document.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
13. Taking the necessary measures to correct the situation if suspended,
and allowing the resumption of work after correcting the situation and
issuing safety documents.
CONTRACTOR EMPLOYEE ISSUING THE SAFETY DOCUMENT

AND THE ISSUANCE PROCEDURES (FOR LV ONLY)
1. Having the qualification original card at the work site and that it is valid.
2. Visiting the work site and issuing a safety document from the site.
3. Ensuring the correctness of the data recorded in the name form of work
team, which is a prerequisite before starting work.
4. Ensuring the recipient's eligibility and that he has a valid recipient card
TARGET COMPETENCIES
that meets the safety document
6. Ensuring the installation of protective barriers if necessary.
7. Ensuring the availability of risk assessment and safe work procedures
for the work to be performed by the recipient.
8. Writing the operating program number when issuing safety documents
and before starting the isolation process, in addition the operating
program number is recorded for review during the audit or investigation
in the event of an accident.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
91
9. Executing of the low voltage SP operating program as per the model
(Annex No. (12)) included in this procedure.
10. The isolation points shall be known, named and permanently marked.
The isolation points on the site must also match the numbers shown on
the work permit.
11. Applying the system of locks and warning cards to secure all energy
sources according to the operational program, and the participation of
the recipient of the safety document in determining the points of safety
12. After the work is completed and the safety document is closed, the
document form is submitted along with the operational program to the

entity responsible for the work.
13. Notifying the fault director of the beginning of the disconnection, and in
case the work is completed and the electrical service is restored, he is
also notified.
and cancelling the safety document.
15. Taking the necessary measures to correct the situation if suspended,
and allowing the resumption of work after correcting the situation and
issuing the safety document.
SAFETY DOCUMENT RECIPIENT AND RECEIPT PROCEDURES

(SEC / CONTRACTOR) EMPLOYEE
1. Having a valid recipient qualification original card at the work site.
2. Presenting an approved form for the contractor work team with the
names of the workers on the site and ensuring that they have valid
qualification cards.
3. Ensuring that the issuer holds a valid card.
4. Visiting the work site with the issuer of the safety document and receiving
the document at the site.
5. Providing risk assessment and safe work procedures for the required
work and discussing them with the work team (brief safety meeting.)
6. Documenting hazards and how to control them at the safety meeting
before starting work.
8. Participating the issuer of the safety document in determining the safety
lock points and warning labels on all isolation points.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
92
9. Not starting work before the issuer issues the appropriate safety
document to carry out the work.
10. Using approved inspection devices to ensure that all energy sources are
isolated and that potential energy has been discharged after receiving
the safety document and before starting work.
11. Presenting the safety document at the work site and attaching the hazard
assessment, safe work procedures and safety meeting before starting
work.
12. Taking the necessary measures to correct any safety deficiencies.
and coordinating with the issuer to cancel the safety document.
14. Obtaining a new safety document in case the previous safety document
has been cancelled for any unsafe conditions.
15. Coordinating with the issuer regarding the safety document before and
after completion of work.
COMPETENT WORKER (SEC / CONTRACTOR)
SPECIFIC SAFETY
1. Having a valid qualification card (original card), according to the job title
of the participating worker.
2. Attending short safety meetings to understand all work and safety
requirements.
3. Coordinating with the recipient of the safety document before and during
the implementation of the work and until the completion
4. Applying risk assessment and safe work procedures for the required
work.
5. Adhering to personal protective equipment at the work site.
CONTROL CENTER
1. Ensuring that the issuer has a valid qualification card (original card). TARGET COMPETENCIES
2. Documenting all operational programs and the process of issuing,
closing, and canceling safety documents.
3. Handing over to the network operator the steps of the approved
operational program.
4. Repeating the steps of the operational program by the control engineer
with the network operator and recording the time of each operation.
5. Repeating the points of separation and isolation “word by word” by the
control engineer and the issuer of safety documents to ensure that he
has identified them correctly.
6. It is all in a recorded voice call.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
93
GUIDANCE CENTER
1. Reviewing and approving all the low voltage operational programs sent
from the concerned departments requesting the power cut.
2. Documenting all LV operational programs and the process of issuing,
closing, and canceling safety documents through a record dedicated for
the operational programs (Log Book).
REASON FOR RENEWAL / CANCELLATION / WITHDRAWAL OF

AUTHORIZATION
 Moving from an operational to non-operational position within the SEC

Company.
 Leaving the SEC Company.
 Unsatisfactory / Unsafe practices.
 Unsafe switching error.
 Moving from one operating area to another.
 Involved in Safety violation.
 Completion of 02 years period of authorization.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
94
LESSON 5
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR DISTRIBUTION SAFETY
PROCEDURES
95
96
LESSON (5)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION
SAFETY PROCEDURES
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses the communication with control center/dispatch center.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 State the general procedures requirements before issuing an electrical
permit.
 State the procedures of equipment isolation and requirements (medium
voltage / low voltage).
 State the special cases procedures requirements before issuing an
electrical permit.
 Know the work permit duration periods.
 Know the procedures of closing, transferring suspension and
OVERVIEW
cancellation of the safety documents.
 State the general requirements of working at heights.
 State the general requirements of excavation and trenching.
 State the general requirements of lifting machinery and equipment.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
97
98
PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS BEFORE ISSUING AN
ELECTRICAL PERMIT
GENERAL PROCEDURES
1. The hierarchy of responsibilities for writing, issuing, receiving and
delivering safety documents.
2. The hierarchy of responsibilities associated with the control center
(control engineers) and the guidance center.
3. The issuer has no right to issue safety documents for himself.
4. Separate safety documents should be issued to each work team.
5. The recipient can receive more than one safety document according to
the following conditions:
 The work sites shall be within a radius of (1) km.
 The number of safety documents shall not exceed (3) documents,
provided that he visits all sites, and that work begins in any of these
sites in his presence and the availability of all requirements and the
SPECIFIC SAFETY
safety documents from the issuer.
The recipient should not leave the site and go to other sites except 
after assigning the qualified head of the labor group on his behalf and
taking into account all safety requirements, provided that the name
and data of the head of the labor group are mentioned in the short
safety meeting. When the recipient leaves the site, the time of
departure and the time of return must be indicated in the short safety
meeting form, and the recipient must not be absent from the site for
more than one hour.
 The recipient must take into account the continuous communication
with the head of the qualified manpower group on his behalf during
the period of execution of work.
 In the event that the recipient of the safety document leaves all work TARGET COMPETENCIES
sites, then work will be carried out according to the procedures for
transferring the safety document.
 The safety document can only be canceled, transferred or closed by
the recipient of the document.
6. The types of safety documents are defined in accordance with the
hazards recorded in the departmental hazard register.
7. Both a risk assessment and safe work procedures must be in place
before a work permit is issued.
8. The risk assessment, safe work procedures - safety meetings and form
of work team names must be attached to the site work permit.
9. Barriers and warning signs must be used.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
99
10. Any equipment or electrical network operating in the service that has a
note or defect identified, a warning card must be placed on it and verified
by the control center, and it must not be operated except by referring to
the one responsible for this equipment or network first.
11. A safety document must be issued for all planned or emergency works
on the medium and low voltage network, other than the special cases.
12. Certified inspection equipment should be used to ensure that there are
no potential hazards or stored energy. (Example: feedback from the
network or the client / static electricity).
LESSON 5: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTION SAFETY PROCEDURES
13. The recipient must be confirmed to place the mobile Earth rod before
receiving the safety document, provided that the mobile protective earth
rod is placed in the work site after the safety document is issued.
14. The mobile earth rod must be used in all works on medium and low
voltage equipment and networks (which can be installed) to protect
workers.
15. All departments concerned with working on medium voltage equipment
and networks are obliged not to work on equipment and networks until
after the control center approves the operational program and
implements it in the field for the scheduled work and then issues the
safety document or after the control center confirms the completion of
the work of separation and isolation for emergency works and the issuer
issues the safety document according to the nature of the work to be
executed.
16. Workers on low voltage equipment and networks (company
employees/contractor employees) should not work on the network until
after the guidance center has approved the operational program and the
field implementation for the scheduled work and then the issuance of the
safety document or after the guidance center confirms the completion of
the separation and isolation work for emergency works and the issuer of
the safety document according to the nature of the work to be
implemented.
17. All written instructions on the back of the safety document must be
followed.
18. Copies of safety documents must be kept for a period of (12) months for
management audit purposes.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
100
EQUIPMENT ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS (MEDIUM VOLTAGE
/ LOW VOLTAGE)
To isolate electrical equipment and networks and carry out operations on any
voltage through the authorized person (grid operator), and to avoid any potential
risks, the following must be adhered to:
1. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
2. The issuer must use the personal protective equipment approved by the
Saudi Electricity Company, such as a head covering, safety shoes,
electric arc protection clothing, insulating gloves, face and eye
protection, and a safety belt, before starting the isolation process
according to the nature of the work and the location.
3. Adhere to the procedures of separation and isolation.
4. The operator must follow the steps of the approved operational program.
5. Use of main grounding for medium/low voltage equipment:
 Only the authorized employee is the one who grounds the circuit or
the electrical equipment, after making sure that it is isolated by testing
SPECIFIC SAFETY
with testing devices.
 The sequence of grounding the conductors is by first connecting the
grounding rod to the ground or the grounding point in the equipment
and then connecting it to the conductors.
 Grounding should be connected and removed using an approved and
tested tool.
6. If there are residual hazards, the issuer of the work permit must clearly
state the remaining hazards and how they are controlled in the safety
document. The recipient of the safety document must also ensure that
precautions and measures have been taken to control these hazards and
bring them to an acceptable level. Residual risks may include, but are
not limited to, the following:
 When working near highways. TARGET COMPETENCIES
 When working on the roads and during congestion.
 In bad weather.
 Induced electric current.
 Return electric current.
7. Requirements for laying the main ground of the circuit:-
 The main ground is to be placed only under the direction of the
medium voltage control engineer.
 The connection and removal of the main ground shall be carried out
by an authorized operator and under the direction of the medium
voltage control engineer.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
101
 The main ground must be connected before the safety document is
issued and it remains active throughout the work period.
 All major groundings must be mentioned in the safety document in
order and be at the disposal of the safety document issuer.
 The main ground shall not be removed from the electrical equipment
or circuit that is included in the safety document without the approval
of the issuer of the safety document.
 Any major grounding may be considered as grounding of the work
site if it is clearly visible on the site, subject to the approval of the
recipient and the participating worker.

8. Requirements for laying mobile protective ground:-
 After the safety documents are issued, the mobile protective ground
is laid.
 The delivery and removal of the mobile ground is carried out by the
authorized recipient or co-worker and under the direct supervision of
the recipient.
TEAM WORK NAME FORM (TWF)

Appendix (1) shows a form.
1. The form is filled so that the names of the employees present at the work
site (source - recipient - co-worker) are registered, whether the
company's employee or contractor, and it is a basic requirement that
must be fulfilled before starting work.
2. Ensuring the correctness of employee data at the work site (the
responsibility of the issuer of the safety document) before issuing the
safety document.
3. Attaching the form with a copy of the safety document with the recipient
at the work site.
4. The job title of each employee must be clearly defined according to the
job, including but not limited to network operator / planning engineer /
construction engineer / cable welder / overhead line technician / heavy
equipment driver / worker Drilling/Electrical/Testing Engineer/………….).
SPECIAL CASES
1. A safety document is not required in the following cases:
 Periodic inspection of substation safety.
 Visual inspection of distribution equipment and networks.
 Taking readings and collecting data that does not require operational
software.
 Reviewing monographs for cable routes and terminals.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
102
 Inspecting and checking the meters in the calibration test device.
 The new main network stations, where the record of the contractor’s
handover of the land for the station by the Projects Department is
considered a safety document for the implementation of the
construction of the main station.
 Disconnecting and re-current to the subscriber meter by means of the
meter breaker.
2. When one recipient is assigned several different documents for different
works, the recipient can obtain more than one work permit provided that
the works are carried out in the same location and closely.
3. In the event that two or more work teams work independently on the
same line or equipment, the recipient of each work team secures its own
safety document to protect him and the workers under his supervision as
if he were the only one who has this safety document.
4. In the event of major disasters that prevent the paper-based issuance of
safety documents, alternative means (WhatsApp - Automated System)
are used, after approval by Senior Vice President (SVP).
SPECIFIC SAFETY
5. Safety documents must be used in remote areas.
6. Safety documents should be used even when there is no network.
WORK PERMIT DURATION PERIODS

1. According to the instructions of the developed occupational safety and
health system, the maximum validity of the safety policy is 120 days.
2. Safety documents that require the approval of the authorized person
according to Table 5.1. The approval shall be in writing or via the
company’s E-mail, with the approval attached to the safety document.
3. The head of the department/unit, the director of the department/service
office and the director of the department must keep a copy of the safety
TARGET COMPETENCIES
documents that have been approved by them for the purpose of review
and audit.
4. The following is an explanation of the time periods and the safety
documents used for the distribution activity with validity for each time
period, noting that the document is issued by the issuer and with the
approval of the authorized person.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
103
DOCUMENT DURATION APPROVER
From 2 to 14 Days Section Head

Division Manager
MV PTW From 15 to 60 Days
/Services Office
From 61 to 120 Days Department Manager
From 2 to 14 Days Section Head

Division Manager
LV PTW From 15 to 60 Days
/Services Office
From 61 to 120 Days Department Manager
SFT One Day Receiver Direct
From 1 to 30 Days Receiver Direct
LOA From 31 to 60 Days Section Head

Division Manager
From 61 to 120 Days
/Services Office
WAH
LOP Less than or equal to the

period of the main work Receiver Direct
EXC permit associated with it
CSEP
Table 5.1 Work Permit Duration
CLOSING THE SAFETY DOCUMENTS

Upon completion of the task, the recipient contacts the issuer of the document
to work on closing the safety document, taking into account the following:
1. Confirmation by the issuer that all employees have been withdrawn by
the recipient and alerting them that the equipment is ready to be
restarted.
2. Confirmation by the issuer that all tools, maintenance, testing and
additional grounding equipment used in the task have been removed
from the job site.
3. The document issuer (the network operator) must also reconfirm the
above points with the recipient of the safety document, where a joint
inspection must be carried out between them to ensure that the work is
completed and inform the control center that the equipment is ready for
return for service and operation.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
104
TRANSFERRING SAFETY DOCUMENTS
1. The current recipient communicates with (the issuer) to request the
transfer of the document to another recipient.
2. The process of transferring the safety document is carried out in the
presence of both the current recipient and the new recipient at the work
site and in the presence of the issuer, with the necessity of documenting
the transfer process in the safety document (the document transfer box)
as well as documenting it at the control center also with the registration
of the name - job number - date - and signature on the document.
3. The current recipient must also inform the work team (employees or
contractors) that the document has been transferred to the new recipient.
4. In the event of termination of work, the last recipient of the document
closes the safety document.
SUSPENSION AND CANCELLATION OF THE SAFETY

DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC SAFETY
1. Cancellation means the failure to complete an existing work whose
safety document has been issued to the work team due to an unsafe
situation or circumstance that threatens the safety of the work team or
any other reasons that prevent the completion of the work.
2. In the event that the issuer cancels or stops the work, the line manager
is informed of the unsafe situation or circumstance.
3. In the event that the recipient cancels or stops the work, the issuer is
informed of the unsafe situation or circumstance.
4. Safety documents are canceled by filling in the cancellation box in the
document with the reason for cancellation.
5. The case is evaluated and the safety coordinator or the safety engineer
in the industrial security is used if the need arises.
6. The work team should endeavor to correct the unsafe situation as much TARGET COMPETENCIES
as possible and then resume work after requesting a new safety
document from the issuer.
7. Persons authorized to stop and cancel work are: the issuer of the safety
document - the recipient of the safety document - the safety
representative - the safety coordinator - the industrial security engineer -
the inspector of the Department of Occupational Safety and Health and
the Environment - the head of the concerned department - the director
of the concerned department / director of the relevant service office - the
director of the concerned department.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
105
THE EQUIPMENT READINESS TO WORK
1. RFW, Ready for Work: It is an announcement from the issuer to the
recipient that the equipment is isolated after the implementation of the
operational program (SP) and that all required field conditions have been
met and the recipient can receive the safety document required to start
the work on site.
2. RFE, Ready for Energization: An announcement from the recipient to the
issuer that the work specified in the safety document has been
completed and that the issuer can recharge the equipment after
communicating and coordinating with the control center and following the
steps described in the operational program.
WORKING AT HEIGHTS REQUIREMENTS
1. A Work Plan Review must be undertaken before a project starts to
examine what is required at a design stage to reduce and eliminate risk
as far as reasonably practical.
2. Wherever reasonably practicable, preference is given to the
performance of work at ground level as opposed to in an elevated
position.
3. Where work in an elevated position is necessary, preference is given to
fall prevention measures such as, but not limited to, effective barricading
and the use of elevated work platforms.
4. Persons may only work from a fall risk position if a site-specific fall
protection plan is in place, correctly implemented, and consists of the
following:
 All appointments for the fall protection plan developer and
implementer are in place.
 One risk assessment, which is specific and incorporates the working
at height risk assessment, as well as the site-specific risk
assessment, has been completed for the work to be conducted.
(Refer to Procedure OHS-PR-02-03 Hazard Identification & Risk
Assessment (HIRA)).
 Job Safety Practice (JSP) / Safe working procedure/task analysis and
work instructions, approved by a competent person, are in place.
(Refer to Procedure OHS-PR-02-03 Hazard Identification & Risk
Assessment (HIRA)).
 A fall rescue plan, along with necessary equipment and trained
rescuers, is in place.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
106
 Appropriate training, as determined by the risk assessment, has been
provided.
 Appropriate height safety equipment and personal protective
equipment have been issued to the individual.
 Equipment inspection procedures and up-to-date inspection records
are in place.
 Individuals are medically fit to work at height, and records of this are
kept.
5. Adequate warning signs and/or barricades shall be used in all areas
where there is a risk of persons being injured by materials or equipment
falling from the work area. Barricades should be continuous and easily
visible.
6. A drop zone shall be established with appropriate warning signs and
barrier tape or barricading, warning personnel below of workers above
and potential falling objects.
7. Ensure that the overhead work does not move outside the drop zone
without re-assessment and movement of the barriers/signs.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
8. Inspect the overhead area on completion of work and before any barriers
are removed and the security of the overhead area from loose equipment
or tools.
9. Pre-Task Tailgate shall be conducted prior to working in an elevated
position. Examples include:
 Fixed/portable ladders.
 Scaffolding.
 Platforms.
 Manlifts.
NOTE
Complete a visual fall protection assessment (including emergency TARGET COMPETENCIES
rescue measures, which must be communicated to affected employees if
fall hazard cannot be eliminated).
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
107
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
The hierarchy of controls detailed below should be followed in selecting the best
control measure to manage the risk of falling or being struck by a falling object.
The various control measures are listed in order of decreasing effectiveness, so
that measures closest to the top should be adopted first wherever possible.
1. Elimination – Removing the need to work from heights i.e. bringing the
work to ground level.
2. Isolation – Use of physical barriers to contain or enclose an area e.g. to
erect handrails.
3. Engineering controls – The use of temporary platforms to gain access to
the job e.g. WEWP, scaffolding, work boxes etc.
4. Administrative controls – Ensuring that the other elements of the
hierarchy of control are effective e.g. training, warning signs, restricting
access, drop zones.
5. Personal Protective Equipment – includes fall-restraint systems and fall-
arrest systems. As a fall arrest or restraint system is the last line of control
there are certain guidelines that shall be followed, these are:
 Persons shall use personal fall arrest equipment at least equivalent
to a full body harness including shock absorbing lanyard.
 Where the use of fall arrest equipment is required a person shall not
work alone.
 Where the work method requires the person to attach and re-attach
a lanyard a dual lanyard system shall be used to ensure that at least
one connection point is maintained at all times.
FALL PROTECTION PLAN

1. For all work at heights a Fall Protection Plan that includes a risk
assessment shall be developed, by the persons allocated to perform the
work.
2. The FPP will determine the most appropriate form of work platform or
where a work platform is not practical, the alternative safe method of
work. The FPP shall specify the emergency response actions and
responsibilities including post fall recovery.
3. The FPP shall include consideration for the potential of objects, as well
as personnel, to fall:
 The possibility for weather and other environmental conditions to
influence the working conditions (e.g. wind, rain, snow, dust, gases,
poor lighting, temperature etc.).
 Condition of the operating surface (i.e. sealed cement, dirt, mud etc.)
NOTE:
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108
 Selection of appropriate equipment.
 Selection of anchor and tie off points.
 PPE requirements for the task i.e. tool lanyards, hard hats with chin
straps, fall arrest harness, gloves etc. (All PPE shall comply with
procedure OHS-PR-02-14 Personnel Protective Equipment).
 Condition of supporting structures such as roofs.
 Fall clearances shall comply with procedure OHS-PR-02-14
Personnel Protective Equipment.
4. Process for observation of safe work practices and correct action.
5. Process for communication between persons working at heights and
ground supervision.
6. The fall protection plan shall be integrated into the health and safety plan.
7. Adherence to the fall protection plan is mandatory and induction on the
fall protection plan must be carried out for all relevant employees.
8. The fall protection plan must be monitored and reviewed as required by
the work performed and changes in hazards.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FALL PREVENTION SYSTEMS
PRIMARY FALL SYSTEMS

Primary fall prevention systems shall be choice for performing work in elevated
areas. These systems provide walking and working surfaces that are free from
floor / wall openings and are equipped with standard guardrail systems on all
open sides. In most cases, primary fall prevention systems are sufficient fall
prevention methods in themselves and do not require the use of additional
(secondary) fall protection systems such as harness / lanyard systems.
SECONDARY FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Secondary fall protection systems should only be utilized after all efforts to
employ primary fall Prevention systems have been exhausted or when being TARGET COMPETENCIES
used in concert with primary systems.
NOTE:
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USE OF LIFT BOXES
Persons within or working from a lift box are considered to be working at heights.
1. Lift boxes (or man workboxes) shall be designed by a competent person

and built according to a prepared and recognized specification and
approved standard. The mass of the box and the SWL shall be marked
on the box.
2. A lift box shall be used with those tasks where it is inappropriate to use
other work structures or platforms.
3. A lift box shall contain no more than three (3) persons.

4. A crane used with a lift box shall:
Be fitted with an anti-two-block device (i.e. an up limit switch on the
hoist motion).
 Hook fitted with a safety latch.
 Be equipped with a ‘dead man’ control on power lowering to produce
self-centering and automatic brake engagement.
 Be equipped with a lock-out control to prevent free fall of the work
box and its contents.
 Lift only the box and its contents.
5. Where a crane is used in conjunction with a lift box, the operator of the
crane shall:
 Test and document the correct operation of the anti two-block device
(i.e. the up limit switch on the hoist motion) prior to lifting personnel.
 Have the appropriate medical clearance.
 Ensure that a pre-job documented inspection is conducted of the
designated crane and lift box attachment components.
 Remain at the controls of the crane at all times while any person
occupies the lift box.
 Be satisfied that the crane, together with the lift box and its associated
gear, are in a safe working condition before use.
 Ensure that, when the jib of the crane is at its maximum radius for the
task to be performed, the SWL for the crane in this condition when
divided by three, is equal, or exceeds the total load of the lift box and
its contents. In other words, a factor of safety of not less than three
(3).
NOTE:
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110
USE OF SULLY BOXES
1. Persons within or working from a Sully Box are considered to be working
at heights.
2. If a Sully Box is to be used whilst crane hooks are still fitted, then anti
two block/upper limit switch devices shall be tested for safe operation
prior to use, or hook blocks shall be removed.
3. All other requirements are as per lift boxes.
WORKING ON ROOFS
1. All roof work shall be planned.
2. Before work is carried out on roofs with a pitch of more than 26° or higher
than 1.8metres above ground level, suitable control measure shall be
implemented to prevent the person from falling. This is considered as
working at heights. A risk assessment / JSP /SWI shall be completed that
comply with this Procedure before the task is to commence.
3. Competency and training of roof workers to perform the task must be
SPECIFIC SAFETY
verified.
4. Weather conditions shall be monitored during roof work and where
conditions such as wind or rain increase the risk work shall be stopped /
delayed until conditions improve.
5. Any roof area, covers to openings etc. that are not of sufficient strength
to support a person’s weight shall be identified and clearly barricaded.
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING SAFETY
MANAGE EXCAVATION RISK

Responsible site managers and supervisors must manage all health and safety
TARGET COMPETENCIES
risks with excavation work. Remember to consult, co-operate and co-ordinate
with other business lines and to engage with workers.
IDENTIFY EXCAVATION HAZARDS

A good hazard identification process is the key to risk management, so identify
hazards and controls before the work starts. It may not be possible to control all
hazards before work starts – so identify the controls and implement them when
required. For example, consider the hazards to a person:
 Falling into an excavation;

 Being trapped by the collapse of an excavation;
 Working in an excavation being struck by a falling object;
NOTE:
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111
 Working in an excavation being exposed to contaminants that take
oxygen from the environment.
To manage the risks, consider all relevant matters including the:
 Nature of the excavation;
 Nature of the excavation work, including the range of possible methods
of carrying out the work;
 Means of entry into and exit from the excavation;
 Hazards that may be created by other site users, or if the excavation
activities could create, hazards for others (e.g. traffic management).
 Complete and monitor excavation hazards and risks regularly to make

sure controls are working and that no new hazards have been
introduced.
SUMMARY OF CONTROL MEASURES

It is impossible to forecast the behavior of earth as earth conditions are ever
changing. Table 5.2 below lists common hazards and controls associated with
excavation work.
POTENTIAL HAZARDS EXAMPLES OF CONTROL MEASURES
The use of benching or the installation of ground

Ground collapse
support (e.g. shoring)
Pumps or other dewatering systems to remove
Water inrush
water and prevent build-up
Ramps, steps or other appropriate access into the
Falls
excavation
Hazardous manual tasks Rotating tasks between workers
Mechanical ventilation to remove airborne

Airborne contaminants
contaminants
Buried contaminants Training to identify buried contaminants and what
(e.g. asbestos) action to take
Obtain information from the relevant authorities on
Underground services
the location of underground services.
Table 5.2 Hazards and Control Measures
Control Measures to minimize the risk of excavation collapse shall include:

1. Minimizing the access of persons to an excavation, either by:
 Completing work without personnel entry into the excavation;
 Minimizing the time an excavation is open; or
 Barricading or covering excavations.
(Note that no person shall work in an excavation on his own).
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112
2. Avoid underground services and make sure not to undermine nearby
structures use safe digging practice and dig away from them. Consider
services present until it is proven they are not there.
3. Shoring, battering or benching excavations where soil is unstable or
prone to collapse and are over 1.5m deep (unless an SEC and/or EPC
civil engineer confirms in writing that walls are stable); Managing controls
of risk by supervision and control of work, including planning and design
by a competent person.
4. Prevent people and materials falling in – with barriers strong enough not
to collapse if someone falls against them.
No excavation work associated with the installation or maintenance of in-ground
services shall take place without the possession of a Concealed Services
Permit and Confined Space Permit were required issued to the person in control
of the task by a designated Responsible Person to issue such a Permit. (Refer
to procedure OHS-PR-02-16 Confined and Enclosed Space).
Design of structures to protect workers from the hazards of working in
SPECIFIC SAFETY
excavations and trenches shall done by competent persons.
Regularly review controls on site to make sure they are still effective.
Common review methods include workplace inspections, consultation, testing

and analyzing records and data. When reviewing controls, review the safe
system of work or task analysis and revise it if necessary.
If problems are found, go back through the risk management steps, review the
information and make further decisions about controls.
PLANNING
1. Planning for trenching and excavation work shall as a minimum, take the
following into consideration:
 Risk Assessment and Job Safe Procedure (JSP). (Refer to OHS-PR- TARGET COMPETENCIES
02-03 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA)).
 Issuing of Excavation, Concealed Services Permit and Confined
Space Permits were required. ( Refer to procedure OHS-PR-02-12
Control of Hazardous Work & Energy).
 Identifying the soil type and determine the appropriate protective
system(s).
 Location of existing services underground and overhead services
(gas, water, electricity, fiber optic cables, etc.) adjacent to or crossing
line of trench. This shall be done in the planning and design stages.
NOTE:
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113
 Excavation’s zone of influence on the stability of any nearby structure
to ensure the excavation does not remove any nearby structure’s
ground support. A competent person should:
o Assess any excavation near or below the footing of any
structure, including retaining walls; and
o Determine if any supports to brace the structure are required.
 Traffic diversions and signage.
 PPE adequate for site-specific hazards.
 Hard surfaces or obstructions to be broken out.
 Limitations on plant (access, rights of way, headroom, overhead

cables, bearing capacity of ground, noise restrictions).
 Possibility of flooding by surface run-off or water from broken mains.
 Presence of standing or running water.
 Suitable means of draining discharged water.
 Condition and stability of adjacent structures.
 Surcharge loads.
 Vibrations and noise.
 Working area and room for placement of spoil and materials
 Evidence of previous excavations in the area.
 Evidence of hazardous contamination.
 Procedures to deal with emergencies.
2. Prior to any excavation taking place, the ground conditions shall be
assessed through bore holes, trial pits or information from previous or
current work in the area. If none of the above is possible, the ground
conditions can only be examined when excavation commences.
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING REQUIREMENTS

1. Any trenching or excavation work, requires an authorised Permit before
any excavation work can be undertaken on site, and is to be monitored
and enforced by supervisory personnel.
2. The Permit details shall be filled in by the person undertaking the
excavation. The Permit shall be accompanied by a marked up site
drawing showing the location of the proposed excavations (or sketches
where a relevant drawing is unavailable) and shall to be submitted to the
Responsible Person for processing and authorisation.
3. Unless an Engineer certifies that no risk of collapse exists, any
excavation greater than 1.5 m depth shall be shored, laid back to a stable
slope, benched, or have some other means of protection provided –
NOTE:
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114
unless a Certification of Stability, by an engineer, is attached to the
Permit.
4. Access into the trench shall be on a ladder or by other means detailed
within the risk assessment.
5. Excavations shall be planned for minimum duration and must be
barricaded whenever not being worked upon. Excavation as well as
working area around it should be barricaded. While working on UG cable
projects along busy roads. There should be no space between the barrier
blocks while excavation is along a busy road, or in residential area
6. Any underground services that are located in the path of a proposed
excavation shall be exposed in the presence of the Site Manager.
7. This permit is only valid for 10 days from the date signed by the Site
Manager. If no work is carried out within 10 days, then re-approval must
be sought
8. Bottles of heavier than air gases, e.g. LPG, shall not to be placed in a
trench. If gas is used in a trench, it is to be delivered via hoses and is not
to be left in the trench between uses.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
9. Excavated material (spoil) shall be placed no closer than 1meter from
the edge of a trench.
10. An internal combustion engine shall not to be located in a trench or within
close proximity to the trench.
11. Workers shall not work in excavations where water has collected or is
collecting, unless the necessary controls are in place.
12. Workers should be supervised at all times to make sure they carry out
the work safely.
13. Appropriate solid barricading, signage are in place as per the risk
assessment.
14. Barrier blocks or solid barricading shall be placed no closer than 1meter
TARGET COMPETENCIES
from the edge of a trench.
15. When using plastic barrier blocks they must be filled with water.
VENTILATION
1. Should there be a risk of toxic gases being present in any trench or
excavation the atmosphere shall be tested prior to entry to ensure the
oxygen content is not less than 19.5% and not greater than 23.5%.
2. Where mechanical ventilation equipment is required to establish and
maintain a safe environment the equipment shall be monitored regularly
and have the controls, including any remote power supply identified and
tagged to prevent any unauthorized and/or accidental interference.
NOTE:
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115
3. Regular tests on the atmosphere shall be conducted throughout the
duration of the work where atmospheric contamination is suspected.
LIGHTING
1. During the hours of darkness, the edges of an excavation shall be
illuminated.
2. In deeper excavations or during winter, lighting may be necessary to
allow work to proceed in a safe manner. Lighting shall be guarded and
installed to prevent damage. The lighting shall be placed so that the level
of illumination at the working area is sufficient for the work to be carried
out safely.
3. Flashing amber warning lights shall be placed at interval along the
barricaded working zone to warn motorist and pedestrian of the
excavation hazard and inspected daily.
SURVEY REQUIREMENT
Where existing underground services have been located, the Responsible
Person shall pass the permit onto the Responsible Person for appropriate
approval and explaining the nature of the proposed work/excavation.
BACKFILLING EXCAVATIONS OR TRENCHES

Prior to backfilling any excavation where underground services have been
installed or in any way affected by the work, the person in control of the work
shall notify the Responsible Person.
DAILY INSPECTIONS
1. Where a trench or excavation will remain open for more than the one
day, a competent person shall re-examine the trench or excavation each
day before any person is permitted to enter the trench or excavation.
(Refer to form OHS-PR-02-17-F02 Daily Excavation Inspection). The
competent person is to check for the following signs of trench or
excavation failure:
 Shoring becoming unstable.
 Shoring components not secure
 Premature removal of shoring.
 Cracks appearing near and parallel to the edge of an excavation.
 Excavated material being placed close to sides of the excavation.
NOTE:
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116
 Machinery operating close to the sides of excavations - weight and
vibrations.
 Surface soil falling into excavation.
 Water seeping into excavation from side walls or base.
 Surface water entering the excavation or accumulating on surface
near the excavation.
 Heaving or swelling of the ground at the bottom of the trench.
 Subsidence alongside the excavation.
2. Where these factors are identified, the trench shall not to be used until a
formal risk assessment is conducted and adequate control measures are
applied.
EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING SAFETY STANDARDS
EXCAVATED MATERIAL
In order to provide a safe footing at the edge, and to prevent spoil falling into an
excavation, a clear space at least 1.0meter wide shall be maintained on all sides
SPECIFIC SAFETY
from the face of the excavation.
SHORING GENERAL
1. Trenching work or excavation work shall not be commenced unless that
part of the site where such work is to be performed has been examined
by a competent person to determine whether shoring is required for the
protection of an employee or other person.
2. Shoring shall be erected and maintained where, having regard to the
nature of the soil and the slope of the side of the trench or excavation
and other circumstances, a fall or dislodgment of earth or other material
can occur so as to bury, trap or strike an employee or other person.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
3. During the course of trenching work or excavation work, a competent
person shall examine the shoring once each day before work
commences and so often, as may be necessary to determine whether
the shoring is adequate and secure.
4. A person other than an employee or other person engaged in the
erection of shoring shall not be permitted to enter a trench or excavation
unless shoring has been provided and secured.
5. Shoring shall be of good construction, sound material, free from defects
and of the required dimensions and strength for the purpose for which
such shoring is to be used.
NOTE:
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117
6. Where shoring is likely to move inward at the bottom and bracing or
strutting at the bottom is not practicable, then such shoring shall be
strutted or braced from a higher level so as to prevent such movement.
7. Shoring struts, braces and walling in a trench or excavation shall be
secured to prevent any accidental displacement or fall thereof.
8. Plans of the shoring shall be prepared by a competent person and kept
on the site where:
 The walls of an excavation are to be temporarily shored; and
 A trench is to exceed a width of 3.6 meters or a depth of 6meters.
9. In all methods of shoring a trench:

 The sheeting shall be placed vertically against the sides of the trench
and shall extend at least 300 millimeters above the surrounding
ground level.
 Where it is impracticable for the sheeting to extend this distance, a
suitable fender not less than 300 millimeters high shall be provided
to the edge of such trench.
FIG. 5.1 Trench Shoring
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118
SAFE ACCESS AND EGRESS
1. Keep the floor of the excavation clear of anything that would impede
workers’ safe egress in an emergency, including:
 Debris.
 Loose spoil.
 Timber.
 Tools.
2. Safe means of getting into and out of an excavation shall be provided at
intervals not exceeding 10meter. Ladders shall be placed at an angle of
75°, and extend at least 1meter (5 Rungs) above the stepping-off point.
Ladders shall be securely fixed.
3. Up to 1.5m deep or deep, provide ladder, stairway, or ramp access and
egress.
4. Where the excavation is, sloped suitable and adequate steps shall be
provided for access.
5. Where there is a likelihood of danger to an employee or other person in
SPECIFIC SAFETY
a trench or excavation. Due to rising water or from an eruption of water
or material, ladders, a hoisting appliance or other adequate means shall
be provided to enable every person to reach a position of safety.
USING MECHANICAL POWERED MOBILE PLANT

1. Mechanical operators and Banks men shall be trained and competent to
undertake their activities.
2. Men shall not be permitted to work underneath loads or in places where
they could be struck by any part of a mechanical excavator.
3. A trained banks man shall coordinate movement and operation of
excavation machines and trucks at all times.
4. Machine excavation shall only be permitted where specified on the work
permit and when all underground services within the intended area have TARGET COMPETENCIES
been exposed. Where the service cannot be isolated, machine
excavation must not be undertaken within 1meter of the underground
service.
5. Plant should approach end-on to excavations. If this is not practicable,
make sure workers in the excavation get out when the plant is within the
excavation’s zone of influence or move away and stand further down the
excavation.
6. Workers should never stand under a load being lifted over the
excavation.
NOTE:
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119
ROADS, STREETS AND SIDEWALKS
1. Excavation or trenching work in roads, streets, and sidewalks shall not
be undertaken without the prior approval of the relevant authorities.
Excavation work on public highways shall have to be cleared in advance
with the Local Traffic Authority and any special measures that they might
specify must be implemented.
2. Where employees, equipment, vehicles or members of the public are
required or permitted to cross over an excavation, a close-planked bridge
or walkway with standard guardrails shall be provided and kept clear of
excavated materials or other tripping hazards. No sidewalk shall be

undermined unless properly shored.
3. Where excavations cross roads, the excavation must be plated, using a
suitable steel plate of adequate thickness to support vehicular traffic. The
plate should be suitably restrained, so when the vehicle drives onto the
plate, forces of vehicle wheels and direction do not move it.
4. Solid concrete barricading 1.0meter away from the excavation face shall
be erected on road works and red and white snow netting along
sidewalks to warn motorists and pedestrians of the excavation hazard
and inspected daily.
SECURING THE WORK AREA

1. Site security shall consider all risks to workers and others such as
unauthorized access occurring (consider schools, parks, shops or other
public places, or amenities and events nearby).
2. Establish the work activity’s boundary before securing the work area.
3. Safety fences (Solid barricading) prevent people from gaining access
into hazardous areas. Guard any excavations to which the public has or
might gain access. Fence off the area even during times when workers
are not present on site.
4. Erect safety and road traffic management signage as per SEC and
municipal requirements.
5. Warning light must be available during nighttime.
6. Supervise authorized visitors.
EMERGENCY PLAN AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT

1. There shall be an emergency plan for the workplace. It needs to be
maintained to remain effective and must deal with unexpected incidents
such as ground slips, flooding, gas leaks, and how to rescue workers
from an excavation.
NOTE:
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120
2. Planning must determine all the potential emergency conditions. A
suitable response must be developed for each credible emergency.
3. Emergency rescue equipment, such as breathing apparatus, a safety
harness and line, or a basket stretcher shall be readily available where
hazardous atmospheric conditions exist or may develop during work in
an excavation. A standby man outside the trench when in use shall
attend this equipment.
4. Employees entering bell-bottom pier holes, or other similar deep and
confined footing excavations, shall wear a harness with a lifeline
attached to it. The lifeline shall be separate from any line used to handle
materials, and shall be individually attended at all times while the
employee wearing the lifeline is in the excavation. Mechanical devices
shall be available to lift incapacitated employees from excavations.
LIFTING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

All lifting machines and equipment must be of good construction and comply
with international operating standards. A preventative maintenance program
SPECIFIC SAFETY
shall establish to ensure the safe operation of Lifting Machinery and Equipment.
1. All newly acquired cranes (including hired equipment), man lifts and
lifting equipment shall meet the minimum manufacturer safety
specifications defined by the OEM, legislative requirements and site
specific safety specifications.
2. All cranes shall display a sticker corresponding to the 3rd party
inspection certificate, or a copy of the 3rd party inspection certificate shall
be available in the cab and for gantry/overhead cranes at the main
breaker board. TARGET COMPETENCIES
3. Existing equipment shall be evaluated against the minimum
manufacturer safety specifications for compliance.
4. Expert/competent 3rd party personnel shall be used to conduct
inspections on an annual basis. A record of these inspections must be
kept on file with area of responsibility.
5. Tests for lifting capacity shall be carried out after each repair or
significant change to the crane. These tests shall be documented and
kept on file with area of responsibility.
6. An Equipment or Crane Pre-use Form shall be filled out daily.
Immediately report any substandard condition to supervisors.
NOTE:
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121
7. All cranes and man lifts must have the loading table (English & Arabic)
and the operation manual readily available in the cab of the equipment.
8. The rated load of the crane/hoist must be plainly marked on each side of
the crane. If the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each rating must
be marked on the unit of its load block. The rated load marking color code
shall be a safety yellow background with black letters.
9. Supervisors shall schedule and verify inspections of all cranes, lifting
accessories, and man lifting equipment every three (3) months and
ensure equipment is made available for preventive maintenance as
scheduled.
10. Crane operators shall be certified and updated on an annual basis.
11. Riggers shall be annually evaluated by a competent authorized 3rd party.
12. Every hoisting operation must be planned by the supervisor or leader in
charge in collaboration with the operator and rigger. Potential weather
conditions such as wind shall be part of the plan. No hoisting activity shall
be carried out during an electric storm or severe weather.
13. The crane shall be configured to trip out or stop if 90% of the lifting
capacity.
14. The construction, operation and maintenance of equipment and
accessories must comply with the technical standards established by the
manufacturer. There shall not be any modification or alteration to a
mobile crane without prior approval and certification of the manufacturer.
15. Oversized cranes (those greater than 12 feet wide and/or higher than 20
feet) shall be transported using an escort vehicle. The vehicle shall travel
at an appropriate distance in front of the crane, with warning lights
flashing.
16. The standard international signaling system for movement of cranes will
be used. Any signaling shall be carried out by the rigger.
17. Crane operators shall only obey the orders of one rigger, who shall wear
clothes, hard hat etc., which distinguish him from the rest of workers (e.g.
red colored reflective vest with the word “Rigger” written at the top of the
back). In case of emergency, the stop signal can be given by any person
and must be obeyed immediately.
18. If any doubt exists about the interpretation of a signal, it should be
interpreted as a stop signal.
19. Tag lines should be used to guide suspended loads in a sufficient
number according to volume and shape of the load. Tag lines shall be
tied to the load before being suspended.
20. Guidelines shall be use for tower erection.
NOTE:
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122
21. When slings with hooks tied around the load are used, make sure that
the cable pulls into, not out of, the hook. Slings shall be padded or
protected from sharp edges of their load.
22. The work area must be visually inspected to detect potential hazards
before moving the crane.
23. The load must be lifted gradually to avoid a sudden strong jerk of cable
and slings.
24. A safety clear zone consisting of the full length of jib + 10m should be
identified 360 degrees around all cranes, (or where impracticable around
the working arc of the lift zone). No persons apart from banks-man and
rigger are allowed in the safety clear zone and never swing a load out
over people.
25. Never leave the crane cab while the motor is running or a load is
suspended.
26. Any crane job involving the movement of loads at heights must be
indicated with signs on the ground and on its four sides. For this purpose,
signs or barriers must be placed warning about the possibility of objects
SPECIFIC SAFETY
falling to the ground. Barricade and control access to the lift/hoist area.
27. Every mobile crane must be fitted with an alarm device to warn people
that it is moving or turning.
28. The operator must keep his hands on the control panel. In this way, the
operator is able to quickly stop the crane in case of emergency.
29. Operators must not use the control limits to stop the lifting operation
under normal operating conditions. These controls are exclusively
intended to serve as a safety feature.
30. Safety devices, if any, must never be disconnected to exceed allowable
limits. A crane must never be operated if the safety switches are not
working.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
31. A crane must never be operated if the cable has been improperly rolled
over the drum. There must be at least three cable turns over the drum or
winch at all times.
32. A crane must never be loaded above its load capacity. Use the loading
table. Operators must know the load weight and the crane limitations.
33. Passengers are not allowed in any place on the crane. Operators must
not allow anybody to climb onto the hooks or loads. If there are people
nearby, the horn must be sounded to alert them.
34. Slings and cables must be carefully inspected before being used by the
rigger. If they are defective, they must be cut and immediately removed
to ensure nobody uses them again.
NOTE:
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123
35. The rigger must make sure that no materials, tools, etc. have been left
on top of the load to be lifted.
36. Loads must never be lifted if there is a loose hook, as it could hit the
operator’s cabin or become tangled with the crane’s jib.
37. Hooks must not be painted, welded, sharpened, heated or repaired, so
that fissures can be detected. No crane or hoisting equipment must be
operated if the hook has no safety pin.
38. Three equally distant points must be marked on every hook in order to
measure any deformation that may result from its use, which must never
exceed fifteen percent (15%) of the original size.

39. Loads more than 12 feet long, such as pipes and similar loads, must be
lifted with a two-legged sling for better balance.
40. Prior to making any lifts, the operator assigned to a crane shall
completely fill out a daily crane inspection record. If in the opinion of the
operator the equipment is unsafe to operate, he must immediately notify
his foreman / supervisor of the unsafe condition.
41. All functional operating mechanism, air and hydraulic systems, chains,
rope slings, hooks, limit switches and other lifting equipment shall be
visually inspected before use.
42. If any unsafe condition is detected in the crane, stop work immediately,
place a danger/ warning tag on the crane controls and advice the
supervisor.
43. Before starting the lifting operation, the operator must make sure that the
load is aligned vertically to avoid imbalance that could affect the
equipment and the load before it is lifted a few inches.
44. Loads must not rotate, move or seat violently because the load, boom,
cables or the crane structure could be damaged. This can also cause
violent releases of splinters which can harm the personnel involved in
this activity.
45. Movement control buttons must be clearly marked, indicating the
direction of crane movement.
46. Hoisting equipment must be fitted with safety limit switches, both for
moving equipment and for maximum lifting level.
47. In electrically-driven lifting equipment, special care must be taken to
make sure that cables do not become trapped by the lifting action. All
necessary protective devices must be available, including grounding.
48. Cranes must not be used to pull or move a load horizontally since this
equipment is designed to lift loads.
49. Use of a spotter is mandatory to position the crane, especially when
backing.
NOTE:
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124
50. Maintain a safe distance from obstacles, drop-offs, holes, depressions
and other hazards.
51. Ground speed shall be limited according to conditions to avoid collisions
or injury to personnel.
52. All gantry cranes are different and may have specific operating, safety,
inspection and maintenance requirements. It is essential that the
operator has access to the manufacturer operating manual and is familiar
with the particular gantry crane.
53. Gantry crane operator shall at the beginning of each shift, test the upper
limit switch of each hoist under no load.
54. A thorough inspection of all ropes shall be made at least once a month
and a certification record which includes the date of inspection, the
signature of the person who performed the inspection and an identifier
for the ropes which were inspected, shall be kept on file and be readily
available to appointed personnel.
55. Rope clips shall be attached with U-bolts on the deader short end of the
rope.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
56. During all lifting operations, the use of mobile cell phones and pagers by
anyone considered essential to the operation (crane operator, banks-
man, slingers, and rigger) shall not be permitted.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LIFTS TYPES

There are generally two types of lift, Routine and Critical (Non-Routine).
Categorizing the type of lifts before planning the lift and documenting in a lifting
plan is critical because it allows for the proper assessment of the amount of risk
present in the lifting operation and the level of control required in mitigating the
risks involved.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
ROUTINE LIFTS
Routine lifting operations may be executed under a basic lift plan. These plans
must clearly define the limitations on the loads, lifting methods and areas of
operation. A Risk Assessment will be required in each case, and authorized
prior to commencement. A Non-Routine may also be completed using similar
documents but will require greater detail. Prior to any lifting operation
commencing, a review of the lift plan must be conducted.
NOTE:
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125
CRITICAL (NON-ROUTINE) LIFT PLANS
1. Documented Lift Plans are required for critical lifts and the following:
 A tandem lift, if the load on any one crane, hoist or other piece of
powered lifting equipment exceeds 75% of the rated capacity of that
crane, hoist or other piece of powered lifting equipment,
 Lifting operations when the arcs of operation of two or more cranes
can overlap.
 Lifting of workboxes or personnel cages when occupied by personnel.
 Lifts at 75% or greater of the crane and riggings rated capacity people
safety when cranes and lifting equipment are operating over or
between energized high voltage electrical conductors.
 Lifting over occupied structures.
 Lifting over above ground in-service operation equipment containing
hydrocarbons (e.g., process vessels, process lines, storage tanks,
etc.), or within 20ft of hydrocarbon lines.
 Any lift deemed high risk/high exposure (e.g., production critical,
configuration of load, limited visibility, etc.).
 Lifting a load of 10 ton or more.
2. A Pre-lift meeting shall be held for all critical lifts. At a minimum, meeting
attendance shall include the supervisor, foreman, equipment operators,
and all other employees directly associated with the lift.
3. A Critical Lift Plan shall be completed prior to making a critical lift. (See
Appendix B Critical Lift Worksheet).
HOISTS
1. Ensure hoists are free from damage and/or without unapproved
modification, proper guarding, etc.
2. Ensure hoists and/or their load blocks are permanently marked with the
hoist’s load capacity:
 Labels will be affixed to the hoist, load block, or controls that display
the warning or other legend designed to bring attention of the
operator.
3. Ensure support structures, including trolleys and monorails, are marked
and rated at least equal to the hoist.
4. Conduct a visual pre–use inspection prior to operating.
5. Determine the weight of the load and do not exceed the hoist’s rated
capacity.
NOTE:
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126
6. Operate hand-chain-operated hoists with hand power only and with no
more than one operator per hand chain.
7. Do not use a lever extension (cheater bar) on manual-lever-operated
hoists.
8. Verify all personnel are clear of the equipment and do not leave a
suspended load unattended.
9. Annual inspections shall be conducted by certified hoist inspector. The
inspection reports shall be signed and dated for each hoist inspected and
placed on file on site where they are readily available.
NOTE
In the event, defects cannot be immediately resolved, notify the
supervisor and remove the equipment from service by placing a
red tag which states “OUT OF SERVICE” on the equipment.
10. Establish a maintenance program per the manufacturer’s

recommendations.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
MATERIAL HOIST
1. The structure (lugs, forecastles and hydraulic system) of all material
hoists will be formally inspected every six months.
2. It is strictly forbidden to climb onto the material hoist lugs or to stand
under its projection.
3. Any load that does not have an appropriate base to be moved with the
material hoist must be previously fastened.
4. The material hoist forecastle must not be used as a lifting or supporting
system.
MOBILE CRANES TARGET COMPETENCIES

Use cranes to lift personnel only when it is not possible or the risk is greater
using conventional means, such as, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevated work
platform, or scaffold.
All crane operators shall attend and pass an annual medical examination.
Mobile cranes must not be used to lift people, unless approved baskets, fitted
with a safety cable tied to the hook, are used.
NOTE:
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127
1. Cranes used to lift people must be equipped with the following:
 A boom angle indicator with high and low reference points and
audible and visual alarms. They must be visible from the operator’s
seat.
 A mechanism for the operator to determine the crane boom length
from his position to operate for telescopic boom cranes.
 An anti-two-blocking system that alerts the operator when the hook
block or auxiliary ball comes near the boom head of the crane and
prevents contact.
 An anti-tube block lock device with audible/visual warning signals that

activate and deactivate controls and functions of the crane when
operating.
 A crane with the digital indicator of load lighting yellow or red must
never be used since this could immediately create stress and violent
fall of the boom along with the load.
 The boom elevator and load line shall have an electric device so that
brakes can be automatically applied when control is on neutral.
 A device for the operator to know that the crane is levelled.
 A device for the operator to lock the rotating mechanism at any
position of rotation.
 A radio or telephone communication system for voice communication
between the crane operator and people on platform (internal
channel).
 Free fall load line: If the crane is equipped with a free fall load line, all
relevant measures shall be taken to ensure that it is completely
disabled when the man-lifting platform is being used.
 Original Equipment Manual (OEM) available in the Cab.
2. Operators must wear safety belts at the time of operating the crane.
3. A spotter shall be utilized to help position the crane.
4. The crane must be kept at a safe distance from any obstacles,
underground hazards, and electrical hazards, depressions in the ground,
ditches, big holes, and other dangerous areas.
5. A 12-foot clearance must be observed for any obstacles above the crane.
6. Hydraulic jack rising is not allowed. If this happens, maneuver shall be
stopped.
7. Once hydraulic jacks are lifted, tires must not be in contact with ground.
If so, crane capacity will be reduced to “on wheels”.
NOTE:
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128
8. Before lifting any load:
 Verify the capacity of the crane.
 Verify the weight of the load.
 Check the loading radius and consult the load chart, if necessary.
 Check the slings or straps to make sure that their size is correct and
that they are in good condition.
 Check the ground for its capacity and stability to support the crane. If
necessary, use pads, or mats, or solid wooden planks of 8 inch in
thickness and 3 times the area of the jack plate.
 Level the crane, the maximum slope being 1%.
 All hydraulic jacks must be lowered to the ground before lifting a load.
 Perform a risk assessment and if necessary, simulate a lifting
procedure to make sure you know how to lift the load safely.
9. A broad vertical line shall be painted on all outriggers at their maximum
extension.
10. The wind is an adverse element, for this reason an anemometer should
be used. If the sustained wind speed is above 36 ft. /sec. (25 mph) or
SPECIFIC SAFETY
gusts to 44 ft. /sec (30 mph), hoisting operations shall be suspended. A
wind speed of 26 ft. /s (18mph`) is generally considered safe for work,
depending on the lift. Manufacturers guidelines need to be consulted to
ensure cranes are not operated outside the design parameters.
AERIAL BUCKET TRUCK

Whenever bucket trucks are operated in the vicinity of energized electrical utility
lines the potential for electrocution exists. Even house drops and telephone
circuits can be energized with enough voltage to kill. Lifts allow personnel to
perform work above ground, creating a fall hazard.
GENERAL AERIAL LIFT SAFETY GUIDELINES TARGET COMPETENCIES

 Bucket trucks differ enough that even trained workers should not operate
a bucket truck they are unfamiliar with on the job.
 Buckets or “baskets” are required to be at least 39” deep to put the lip
above the waists of most workers and reduce the risk of falling out. Safety
features such as guards, outrigger interlock and ground fault interrupter
circuits, and warning labels are included on bucket trucks. These are
designed to help prevent accidents and shall not be modified or removed.
 Before starting work, the employee/operator shall test to insure that all
ground level and bucket controls are in proper working order.
NOTE:
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129
 The vehicle’s brakes shall be set and outriggers, when used, shall be
positioned on pads or a solid surface. Wheel chocks shall be in place
before using an aerial lift.
 All work shall be conducted as if the vehicle, boom, and aerial bucket
were not electrically insulated.
 Personnel on the ground are prohibited from operating the ground
controls when an aerial lift is in contact with a live electrical source until
such time as the electrical source is de-energized.
 Employees/operators of aerial buckets shall exercise extreme caution
when operating such devices in close proximity to energized lines or

equipment.
 A full body harness shall be worn and a lanyard attached to the boom or
the basket when working from an aerial lift. The manufacturer’s
designated anchor point must be used.
 Employees/operators shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket,
and shall not sit or climb on the end of the basket or use planks, ladders,
or other devices for a work position.
 When the boom must be maneuvered, the bucket operator shall always
face in the direction in which the bucket is being moved.
 All employees are required to wear the personal protective equipment
provided with each bucket truck operation:
o ANSI approved hardhat.
o Eye protection.
o Fall restraint system/Fall arrest system.
o Insulated gloves where electrocution risk is possible.
 Personnel should remove all climbers or “gaffs” or unnecessary metal
objects that they might be wearing to minimize electrocution hazards.
 If using electrified tools while on an aerial lift, use only tools that are
double insulated or have a grounding plug.
 Before driving the bucket truck, perform a “walk around” inspection to
make sure the boom is cradled and tied down and all other equipment is
secure. Never move a bucket truck with the boom in an elevated position.
The driver and all passengers shall wear seatbelts.
 The vehicle’s warning lights/strobes and the 4-way flashers shall be used
at all times while work is being done on road right-of-way. Leaving the
vehicle’s head lights ON for additional visibility is recommended as a best
practice.
 When work being done in the road right-of-way will exceed one hour, a
work zone shall be established.
NOTE:
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130
 Traffic cones (28” with retro-reflective collars) shall be placed
approximately 3 to 5 feet out from the affected corners of the vehicle on
the traffic side along with a rear taper.
 When working in an area where pedestrians may pass beneath or in
close proximity to the aerial lift vehicle and it’s swing perimeter, the aerial
lift operator shall establish a “safety zone” that adequately guards or
restricts the area to prevent a personal injury (i.e. use
 An aerial lift truck may not be moved when the boom is elevated in a
working position with employees in the basket except for equipment
which is specifically designed for this type of operation.
 Do not operate the machine outdoors if there is threat of lightening. In
fact, do not operate during any type of inclement weather, including
windy conditions, since fall and tip-over hazards are exaggerated in
these conditions.
MAN BASKET LIFT REQUIREMENTS

Man basket should be used as the last source of action. Man baskets shall be
SPECIFIC SAFETY
certified by a third party before it used on any SEC Site.
 Cranes must reduce their respective capacity charts by 30% for all man-
baskets applications.
 Data plates shall be placed on man lifts, containing maximum nominal
capacity, weight, and manufacturer.
 The hoist rope and sling assembly must be derated 5:1 for rotation
resistant wire rope and 3.5:1 for right regular lay wire rope.
 A trail lift throughout the lift area is required prior to lifting personnel.
 A proof test of the crane is required following each lift. The platform and
rigging shall be proof tested to 125% of the platform’s rated capacity by
holding it in a suspended position for five minutes with the test load
evenly distributes on the platform. TARGET COMPETENCIES
 The combined weight of the personnel platform, tools or other equipment
shall not exceed 50% of lifting capacity.
 Personnel platforms shall not be directly fastened to lattice boom mobile
cranes.
 Lifting personnel and loads together is not allowed.
 Lifting accessories on the crane is not allowed while lifting personnel.
 Personnel shall wear appropriate fall protection equipment as specified
in the Working at Heights standard.
 A crane driver should always be present at the normal crane control
station when the man basket is occupied. Visible and audible
NOTE:
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131
communication should exist between the persons in the man basket and
the crane driver at all times during the lifting operation. Radio
communication will be on a different frequency than the Operating Area.
 Man baskets should not be used in wind in excess of 7m/s (25Km/h),
electric storm, ice, snow, fog, sleet, heavy sand storm or other adverse
weather conditions which could affect the safety of personnel.
 Machines which can be operated simultaneously in the same place with
risk of collision should be stopped.
 Unintended movement of the man basket should, where possible, be
prevented e.g. By means of guide ropes or anchoring.

 The man baskets, hook, catch, and fixed load lifting attachment should
be inspected prior to each use.
 If suspended baskets are moved through openings, measures should be
taken against entanglement and crushing risks.
 All movements should proceed gently with low speeds.
 Area below the man basket shall be barricaded off until the work is
completed. Any guide ropes provided to the man basket should be
connected in such a way that they will not interfere with the safe
operation of the basket
 All lifting appliances and equipment’s, including harness and lanyards to
be used shall be inspected and color coded as per monthly color coding
scheme.
 In case of rescue when leaving ascending or descending from the basket
to retrieve and injured party, the second lanyard has to be attached to a
suitable point on the structure prior to detaching the one from the hook
 Tools and material carried by personnel should be secured, in particular
against displacement, tripping and falling out.
 Occupants shall keep all parts of the body inside the man basket during
raising, lowering and positioning to avoid pinch points.
 Occupants shall not stand on or work from the handrails or side
protection of the man basket or anything in it.
 Man basket shall be positioned on a firm surface during access and
egress.
 Pre-lift meeting is required for each new work location and repeated for
any employee newly assigned to the operation.
 When electric welding from the man basket, special care shall be taken
to earth the basket in order to protect the crane and /or its ropes from
becoming conductors of electricity.
NOTE:
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132
SAFE LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATING PRACTICES
1. Before commencing a lifting task, a risk assessment must be undertaken

and Safe Work Method Statement developed. Risk assessment shall
include access, work space, soil, lift capacity, lifting equipment and
electrical hazards. All lifting task activities using slinging techniques shall
be undertaken in accordance to the Safe Work Method Statement
(SWMS).
2. Before use all slings and accessories must be inspected and checked to
ensure they are not damaged and are safe to use. When using a chain
sling make sure chains are not twisted, knotted or kinked. Make sure that
safety latches on hooks are fully operable and hammer locks on chain
assemblies are secure.
3. During lifting procedures required slings must be protected from sharp
bends and cutting edges by means of cover saddles, burlap padding, or
wood blocking, as well as from unsafe lifting procedures such as
overloading. Keep all tags and labels away from the load, hook and point
SPECIFIC SAFETY
of choke, to avoid rendering the tag non-readable, and the sling therefore
unusable.
4. Before making a lift, check to be certain that the sling is properly secured
around the load and that the weight and balance of the load have been
accurately determined. If the load is on the ground, do not allow the load
to drag along the ground this could damage the sling and can put undue
strain on the lifting gear and crane boom especially if the load is dragged
from the side. If the load is already resting on the sling, ensure that there
is no sling damage prior to making the lift.
5. After the sling is properly attached to the load, there are a number of
good lifting techniques that are common to all slings:
 Make sure that the load is not lagged, clamped, or bolted to the floor;
 Guard against shock loading by taking up the slack in the sling slowly
TARGET COMPETENCIES
and lowering smoothly. Apply power cautiously so as to prevent
jerking at the beginning of the lift, and accelerate or decelerate slowly;
 Check the tension on the sling. Raise the load a few inches, stop, and
check for proper balance and that all items are clear of the path of
travel;
 Consider the effect of “angle of lift”. Make sure the horizontal distance
between the points of attachment of the load does not exceed the
length of the sling legs;
 ensure the load is evenly distributed on all sling legs. This can be
facilitated through the use of shortening hooks;
NOTE:
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133
 Always lift vertically. If the hook is not directly over the load, the load
will begin to swing dangerously as soon as it is raised;
 When lifting a load watch the lifting equipment carefully for signs of
strain in case the stated weight is incorrect. Note: evidence of
overstressing may not always be apparent before failure occurs;
 Keep all personnel clear while the load is being raised, moved, or
lowered;
 Crane or hoist operators should watch the load at all times when it is
in motion;
 Wear appropriate ppe – safety vest, hard hats and safety boots are
mandatory;
 Do not expose alloy chain slings to temperatures of 204oc or higher;
 Prepare the site where the load is to be landed in advance of the
lifting activity;
 Make sure that on completion of moving a load, the sling can be
removed by hand, all materials are securely and safely stacked and
there is adequate clearance for people, machinery and emergency
services;
 Once the lift has been completed, clean the sling, check it for
damage, and store it in a clean, dry airy place; and finally, obey the
following "NEVERS"
o Never shorten with knots, sewing, twisting, kinking or other
makeshift devices or extend slings from their original length using
unidentified, unlabeled and untagged hardware;
o Never tie knots in synthetic slings;
o Never allow more than one person to control a lift or give signals
to a crane or hoist operator except to warn of a hazardous
situation;
o Never overload the sling, check the Working Load Limit (WLL) on
the identification tag and consider the load angle;
o Never raise the load more than necessary;
o Never leave the load suspended in the air;
o Never work under a suspended load or allow anyone else to.
Ensure a no go zone has been identified;
o Never use slings and/or accessories to lift which do not have a
manufacturer’s tag/identification that gives details of the WLL;
o Never use a sling which does not have a current inspection tag
attached;
o Never use tow chains or ropes to lift a load; and
o Never allow anyone to ride on the load.
NOTE:
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134
LESSON 6
FULFILLING ALL
REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY
DOCUMENTS
135
136
LESSON (6)
FULFILLING ALL REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY
DOCUMENTS
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses fulfilling all requirements of safety documents.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Know the procedures have to apply for authorization process.
 State the safety documents proceeding.
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
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137
138
INTRODUCTION
The Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), safety rules mandate that only person
who holds authorizations (under the supervision of authorized issuer or
receiver) can enter and perform work in the SEC Distribution System,
Substations and Network. Accordingly, a written procedure is deemed
necessary to detail the requirements, methods and authorizations to be
adopted.
PROCESS OF AUTHORIZATION FOR SEC / CONTRACT

EMPLOYEES
Fig 6.1 shows the workflow of issuing qualification cards for company and
contractor employees.
Fig 6.2 & Fig 6.3 shows the application Form for SEC / Contract Employee
Authorization
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
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139
LESSON 6: FULFILLING ALL REQUIREMENTS OF SAFETY DOCUMENTS
FIG. 6.1 Workflow of Issuing Qualification Cards For SEC and Contractor
Employees
NOTE:
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140
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 6.2 Application Form for SEC Employee Authorization
NOTE:
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141
FIG. 6.3 Application Form for Contractor Employee Authorization
SWITCHING PROGRAM
It is a sequence of operating and isolation steps that is prepared, reviewed and
approved by the control center for medium voltage works according to the
instructions in the manual ( DOM04-Distribution Operation Manual).
While for low voltage works it is prepared by the contractor and reviewed by the
department requesting work and approved by the guidance center Appendix (2)
shows form of switching program, so that it is delivered to the authorized source
by issuing the appropriate safety document for separation works for equipment
and electrical networks, includes the following steps:
NOTE:
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142
1. Insulation, grounding and defining the working area.
2. Place locks and warning cards.
3. Putting up barriers to secure the work area (so that only authorized
personals are allowed to enter the area).
4. Issuing of safety document.
SAFETY DOCUMENTS PROCEEDING
SAFETY DOCUMENT'S ISSUING/RECEIVING PROCEDURES

These procedures are taken before, during and after execution of work to
ensure that all safety precautions have been taken and that workers or property
is not at risk.
ISSUING
1. A switching program number must be written on PTWs / safety
document.
2. The issuer must familiarize with the work area or site and confirm that
SPECIFIC SAFETY
the work can be done safely and must fill "additional / special
precautions" where necessary.
3. The issuer must follow the PTW documentation process and cannot
issue or cancel or close the PTW by telephone .Any document cannot
be issued or received through verbal communication or through
telephonic message is not valid and this practice is strictly prohibited.
4. After checking, that the facility and the job site are safe for workers and
that the work can be executed in a safe manner the authorized issuer
may issue the work permit to the authorized receiver by completing the
issuer sections of the work permit form.
5. Both the Issuer and the Receiver must have their authorization cards
TARGET COMPETENCIES
with them during the issue of, cancellation & closing and for the duration
of the permit.
6. The receiving Team must follow these special precautions.
RECEIVING
1. The authorized receiver will complete his portion of the work permit and
get sign from “Competent Workers” portion, the job site has been
completed and no worker is at danger.
2. The receiver's signature on the work permit implies his complete
acceptance of the conditions that are mentioned in the PTWs and that
all safety precautions have and will be been taken.
3. In case of long term tasks such as:
NOTE:
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143
 Major changes or construction.
 Comprehensive maintenance.
 One work permit that includes all required tasks to be executed can
be issued, on condition that all tasks are under the supervision of one
person.
4. If any new tasks are to be executed and are not listed in the main work
permit, a new work permit must be issued for those tasks.
5. The authorized receiver can receive more than one work permit providing
that the work permits are specified jobs.
NOTE:
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144
LESSON 7
TYPES OF SAFETY
DOCUMENTS
145
146
LESSON (7)
TYPES OF SAFETY DOCUMENTS
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses types of safety documents.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Issue Medium Voltage (MV) Permit to Work (PTW) Document.
 Issue Sanction for Testing (SFT) Document.
 Issue Limit of Access (LOA) Document.
 Issue Low Voltage Equipment Disconnection and reconnection Order.
 Issue Confined space entry (CSE) and On-site rescue plan.
 Issue Isolation & Earthing Request (IER).
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
147
148
INTRODUCTION
Safety Documents are official documents issued by an Authorized Issuer to
Authorized Receiver in order to perform Electrical Energized, De- Energized
and Non Electrical work on the SEC Distribution system.
Both Issuer and Receiver have to agree upon all conditions & requirements of
this document. The Safety Documents prescribe the minimum safety
requirements and precautions for the task.
Safety Document procedure is to be adopted strictly at the SEC Distribution
system. The same Safety documents have to be applicable in all Regions of the
SEC Distribution System.
A PTW System aims to ensure that proper planning and consideration are given
to the risk of the particular job. The PTW is a written document that authorizes
certain workers/employees to carry out specific work, at a certain time and
place, which sets out the main precautions needed to complete the job safely.
TYPES OF SAFETY DOCUMENTS
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Safety documents are required for applying planned, unplanned, and/or
emergency types of jobs or tasks. The applied safety documents are:-
1. Medium voltage permit to work (MV PTW).
2. Sanction for Test (SFT).
3. Limitation of Access (LOA).
4. Low Voltage Permit to Work (LV PTW).
5. Confined Space Entry Permit (CSEP).
6. Isolation and Earthing (IER).
7. Work At Height Permit (WAH).
8. Lifting Operating Permit (LOP).
9. Excavation work permit (EXC).
10. Teamwork name form (TWF).
All safety documents have three copies:-

TARGET COMPETENCIES
1. First Copy for Issuer.
2. Second Copy Receiver.
3. Third Copy for Record.
NOTE:
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149
MEDIUM VOLTAGE PERMIT TO WORK (MV PTW)
Appendix (3) & Appendix (4) shows a form of this permit to work.
1. Safety Document is issued by an authorized issuer according to the
voltage class to be worked on.
2. It is used in all works on medium and low voltage equipment and
networks (scheduled and unscheduled).
3. It requires isolating the equipment and connecting it to the ground.
4. It requires installation of safety locks and warning labels system.
5. Grounding is carried out with the main equipment-grounding switch (if
any) or the portable grounding.
SANCTION FOR TEST (SFT)

Appendix (5) & Appendix (6) a from this type.
1. SFT is issued by an authorized issuer according to the voltage class to
LESSON 7: TYPES OF SAFETY DOCUMENT
be worked on.
networks (scheduled and unscheduled.)
3. It is used to test the insulation toughness or conductivity resistance of
equipment.
4. The grounding is initially carried out through the main grounding switch
5. For the equipment or mobile ground to be isolated it later to perform the
necessary tests.
6. It is not allowed to remove the main grounding switch of the equipment
or the mobile ground without the permission of the issuer of the safety
document until after obtaining the necessary documents.
7. It requires coordination between the issuer of the work permit and the
control center to remove the main equipment grounding or mobile
grounding.
8. The control center or the direction center and the authorized issuer must
supervise the process and coordinate among the joint work teams to
work on the same equipment (when applicable) to ensure the safety of
all members of the work teams until the completion of all work tasks.
NOTE:
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150
LIMITATION OF ACCESS (LOA)
Appendix (7) & Appendix (8) shows the form of this type.
1. It is issued by an authorized issuer according to the voltage class to be
worked on.
2. It is used in:
a. Construction works and new projects for equipment, ground and
aerial networks (except for turnkey projects at the main distribution
network stations).
b. Works near charged equipment or networks for medium and low
voltage works.
3. When there is a need to isolate equipment or networks during the
issuance of an access document, the power to isolate medium voltage
equipment and networks is only for the company’s authorized
employees, as for low voltage equipment and networks, it is valid for the
company’s employees and the premeditated contractor, noting that
isolating equipment and networks under this permit does not authorize
SPECIFIC SAFETY
the working authorities to work on this isolated equipment and networks.
4. Safety locks and warning labels should be installed if equipment is
isolated.
LOW VOLTAGE PERMIT TO WORK (LV PTW)

1. Safety document is issued by an authorized issuer according to the
voltage class to be worked on.
networks (scheduled and unscheduled).
3. It requires isolating the equipment and connecting it to the ground.
4. It requires installation of safety locks and warning labels system.
5. Grounding is carried out with the main equipment-grounding switch (if TARGET COMPETENCIES
any) or the portable grounding.
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT (CSEP)

1. The document for entering the confined areas is issued before the
beginning of the implementation of the required work within the confined
areas.
2. This document is required to be obtained separately to enter the confined
spaces and carry out any electrical or construction works.
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
151
3. This document does not replace obtaining a safety document for
electrical and construction works within confined spaces.
4. A qualified supervisor and rescuer outside the confined area is required
for as long as people are inside the confined area.
5. It is necessary to prepare a contingency plan for the work team to
prepare for any emergency situation while carrying out work within
confined spaces.
6. You must ensure that all tools and supplies required to ensure the safety
of the work team are provided.
7. The continuous measurement of flammable gases or toxic gases must
be worked on and recorded in the safety document.
8. Make all contacts with all employees by the means indicated in the
attached work form.
9. Rescue procedures at the work site are carried out by filling out the
attached rescue plan form, where the official is informed immediately in
the following cases:

 The occurrence of an unusual behavior or action.
 An unexpected risk exists.
 Unsafe behavior.
 Noticing a behavior that was prohibited in the permit.
10. Workers in confined areas must leave immediately and as soon as
possible in the following cases:
 A Request from the issuer or recipient of the safety document to
evacuate the area.
 One of the workers inside the confined areas was exposed to a state
of fatigue and tiredness.
 Unacceptable circumstances and events arise.
 Hear the eviction warning.
 In the case of rescue in confined areas, the official and the recipient
of the safety document must not enter the confined area, and call the
rescue team inside the site through the means of communication
indicated in the rescue plan.
ISOLATION AND EARTHING (IER)

Appendix (13) & Appendix (14) shows the IER request.
1. This document does not constitute a work permit for the recipient to begin
work on equipment or electrical network lines.
2. The process of issuing and receiving this document takes place between
the control centers of the operating entities with each other to ensure the
safety of the work teams.
NOTE:
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152
3. This document is used when an operator needs to work on electrical
equipment (feed plan) that requires isolation and grounding from another
operator.
4. The document number is used as a coordination reference number for
other safety documents (Medium Voltage Working Document and Test
Confirmation Document.)
5. The entity requesting the work represent (the operating entity receiving
the document) and the other entity (the operating entity issuing the
document.)
WORKING AT HEIGHT (WAH)

1. The document of work at heights is considered a secondary document,
that is, it is a subsidiary of the main documents (MV PTW, LV PTW, LOA,
and SFT) through which part/all of the work to be performed is carried
out through the main document.
2. The document is issued by the main safety document issuer.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
3. The document is received by the recipient of the master safety
document.
4. All implementation requirements as per Procedure No. OHS-PR-02-15
for working at heights must be adhered to in the developed Occupational
Health and Safety Management System.
5. The duration of the document is related to the duration of the base
document (equal to or less than the duration of the main document).
6. The Working at height permit system shall addresses the following points
as a minimum:
 Name of the Issuer of the work permit.
 Names the personnel conducting the work at height.
 All associated personnel involved are trained and competent.
 The task description, duration and location.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
 Does all fall protection equipment have a current test tag on it?
 Fall arrest anchor points shall be capable of withstanding 15kN
(1500kg) single person or 21kN (2100kg) two person.
 Identifies whether a fall restraint system only can be utilized.
 EWP and work cages conform to relevant approved design and
maintenance standards.
 A formal documented Risk Assessment has been conducted
before the commencement of work.
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
153
 A dual lanyard system (when operator requires changing
attachment points) shall be used to ensure one connection point
is maintained at all times.
 Ensures working in isolation does not occur.
 The work method shall ensure that persons working at height
have chin straps fitted to hard hats.
 A drop zone has been established and demarcated (both above
and below the working at heights area).
 A detailed post fall recovery plan if a fall from height occurs,
including consideration for rapid retrieval.
LIFTING OPERATIONS PERMIT (LOP)

1. The lifting work document is considered a secondary document, that is,
it is a subsidiary of the basic documents (MV PTW, LV PTW, SFT, and
LOA) through which part/all of the work to be performed is carried out

through the main document.
2. The document is issued by the main safety document issuer
3. The document is received by the recipient of the main safety document
for lifting equipment and machinery must be adhered to in the developed
Occupational Health and Safety Management System.
5. The validity of the document is related to the validity of the basic
document (equal to or less than the validity of the basic document).
EXCAVATION WORK PERMIT (EXC)

1. The excavation work document is considered a secondary document,
meaning that it is a subsidiary of the main documents (MV PTW, LV
PTW, SFT, and LOA) through which part/all of the work to be carried out
through the main document.
2. The document is issued by the main safety document issuer.
3. The document is received by the recipient of the master safety
document.
for tunnels and excavation work must be adhered to in the developed
Occupational Health and Safety Management System.
5. The duration of the document is related to the duration of the main
document (equal to or less than the duration of the main document).
NOTE:
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154
LESSON 8
SIGNS AND BARRIERS
155
156
LESSON (8)
SIGNS AND BARRIERS
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses sings and barriers used in work areas.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Recognize the different, safety signs and barriers and how to deal with
every type from them.
 Determine the suitable ones according to the required job function and
working types).
OVERVIEW
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
157
158
INTRODUCTION
Barriers and signs are very important tools for guiding authorized or
unauthorized persons from hazards in general and specifically from electrical
hazards when they are dealing with the electrical equipment or appliances.
Barriers are erected to guard against mistaken or inadvertent approach to, and
contact with, nearby apparatus that could constitute a safety hazard to
personnel. Substations and switchyards are enclosed by a man proof fence to
provide a barrier, preventing unauthorized entry by ordinary persons.
Electrical Signs and Labels are important to all persons and industries. High
voltage equipment, battery charging and storage areas, wiring, and switches,
all pose risk to workers. Signs and barriers can help effectively when followed
to prevent a lot of probable accidents or risks.
SIGNS
Signs are used in the locations to let people know where something that is
needed in the area like a hardhat or protective wear. There are seven types of
SPECIFIC SAFETY
safety signs.
DANGER
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in
death or serious injury. The DANGER signal word is appropriate for signs in the
area of, or inside of, enclosures containing a Danger-level hazard. This signal
word should never be used for property-damage hazards. Danger signs shall
have the signal word “DANGER” in white letters on a rectangular safety red
background placed at the top of the sign. The safety alert symbol shall precede
the signal word. Fig. 8.1 shows an example for "DANGER" sign.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG 8.1 "DANGER" Sign
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
159
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury. The WARNING signal word is appropriate for signs
placed outside of the area of, or on the exterior of, the enclosures containing, a
Danger-level hazard. This signal word should never be used for property
damage hazards. Warning signs should have the signal word “WARNING” in
black letters on a rectangular orange background placed at the top of the sign.
The safety alert symbol shall precede the signal word. Fig. 8.2 shows an
example for "WARNING" sign color and contents.
LESSON 8 : SIGNS AND BARRIERS
FIG 8.2 "WARNING" Sign
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury or to alert against unsafe practices that may cause
property damage. Caution signs shall have the signal word “CAUTION” in black
letters on a rectangular yellow background placed at the top of the sign. The
safety alert symbol shall precede the signal word if the hazard is a potential
personal injury hazard. Fig. 8.3 shows an example for "CAUTION" sign forms.
FIG 8.3 "CAUTION" Sign

NOTE:
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……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
160
NOTICE
Indicates a statement of company policy directly or indirectly related to the
safety of personnel or protection of property. This signal word should not be
associated with a hazard or hazardous situation and shall not be used in place
of “DANGER,” “WARNING,” or “CAUTION.” Notice signs shall have the signal
word “NOTICE” in white italic letters on a safety blue background on rectangular
field, and this distinctive panel shall be located in the uppermost portion of the
visual alerting device. Fig. 8.4 shows an example for "NOTICE" sign.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 8.4 "NOTICE" Sign
GENERAL SAFETY
Signs used to indicate general instructions relative to safe work practices,
remind of proper safety procedures, and indicate the location of safety
equipment, i.e., “SAFETY FIRST,” “BE CAREFUL,” “THINK.” The proper format
for general safety signs is:
1. Signal word panel - white letters on a safety green background on a
rectangular field appearing in the upper most portion of the sign and
2. Message panel shall be safety green or black letters on a white
background.
Fig. 8.5 shows an example for different “GENERAL SAFETY " signs.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 8.5 "GENERAL SAFETY" Signs
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
161
FIRE SAFETY
They are signs used to indicate the location of emergency firefighting
equipment. These signs may show the location of, but not the direction to,
firefighting equipment. Fire safety signs do not have a signal word. The
message panel shall be safety red letters on a white background in either a
square or a rectangular field. Fig. 8.6 shows an example for different “FIRE
SAFETY " signs.
FIG. 8.6 "FIRE SAFETY" Signs
DIRECTIONAL ARROW
Signs used to indicate the direction of emergency equipment, safety equipment,
and other locations important to safety. The directional arrow symbol shall be in
white on a black or colored background on a rectangular field. The position of
the arrow symbol will appear either:-
1. In the upper most portion of general or fire safety signs.
2. In the lower panel of DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, or NOTICE signs.
Fig. 8.7 shows an example for different “DIRECTIONAL ARROW " signs.
NOTE:
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……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
162
FIG. 8.7 "DIRECTIONAL ARROW" Signs
For the electrical power applications, these signs may cover but not limited to
the following:
1. High Voltage area.
2. Electricity hazards.
3. Biohazard.
4. Fire exits.
5. Where are the fire extinguisher?
6. When hard hats are needed and when they are not.
7. Restricted areas or employee only.
8. No smoking.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 8.8 Typical Hazard Warning Labels Found On Electrical Equipment

NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
163
SIGN TYPE AND CONTENT SELECTION
Fig. 8.9 shows a flow chart which helps for selecting the type of sign and the
suitable content words according the different possible risks. It starts from
"NOTICE" sign up to "DANGER" sign depending on the different possible
answers as per the chart.
FIG. 8.9 Sign Type and Content Selection Flow Chart
NOTE:
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……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
164
An application for the selection shown in Fig. 8.10.
FIG. 8.10 Sample NEC Warning
MOUNTING HEIGHTS
As shown in Fig. 8.11
1. For high-located placement (e.g. fire and safety equipment location
signs, high-located EXIT signs), place the sign at least 2 Meters (78”)
SPECIFIC SAFETY
above floor height.
2. For medium-located placement, typically, place the sign’s center 1.15 to
1.7 meter (45” to 66”) above floor height
3. For low-located placement (e.g. exit path-marking signs), the top of the
sign should be placed no more than 0.45 meter (18”) above floor height
so the sign can be seen in smoke conditions.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 8.11 Different Mounting Heights of Signs
BARRIERS
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
165
Barriers help keep people or products inside and help keep non-employees out.
They also help keep certain things private like a safe. To keep confidential
things secret. Some signals can be sounds and examples of sounds are like
when a machine is done with that product then it will beep meaning that it has
done.
Within substations and switchyards, further barriers are used to maintain
standard safety clearances from high voltage apparatus that allow safe access.
There are generally two methods utilized for the erection of a barrier within a
substation. High voltage cages (barrier out) keep people out and protect people
from hazards within the barrier. Designated work area’s (barrier in) keep people
in and protect people from hazards outside the barrier.
FIG. 8.12 Examples for Barriers & Caution Tapes
OPERATIONAL BARRIERS
They are Yellow and Black, and used with signs to define the boundaries of the
permit area; or where there is the possibility of confusion between similar
apparatus. They are used to prevent entry into a hazardous area within or near
a permit area. Fig. 8.13.
Operational barriers and signs are the responsibility of the Authorized Operator.
He controls the movement, removal or placement of operational barriers.
Operational barriers shall-
1. Ensure clear definition of a permit area and/or hazards.
2. Where possible within line of sight of a person of average height (e.g.
800mm above the standing surface).
NOTE:
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166
3. Ensure adequate clearance to allow the work to be performed; and not
intrude into the minimum approach distance, or become near adjacent
live apparatus.
4. Ensure the permit area entrance/s provide a safe access and egress
for the permit area.
FIG. 8.13 Operational Barriers
SPECIFIC SAFETY
HAZARD BARRIERS
They are Orange. Hazard barriers are a general barrier used throughout Snowy
Hydro. Any person to define and prevent access to a hazard can use them. Fig.
8.14.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 8.14 Hazard Barriers
HV TEST BARRIERS
They are Red and White. HV test barriers define an area where HV testing is
being undertaken. Fig. 8.15.
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
167
FIG. 8.15 HV Test Barriers
FIG. 8.16 Examples for Good Barriers & Poor Performance
CASE APPLICATION
1. Substations and switchyards are enclosed by a man proof fence to
provide a barrier, preventing unauthorized entry by ordinary persons.
2. Within substations and switchyards, further barriers are used to maintain
standard safety clearances from high voltage apparatus that allow safe
access. There are generally two methods utilized for the erection of a
barrier within a substation.
NOTE:
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……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
168
3. High voltage cages (barrier out) keep people out and protect people from
hazards within the barrier Fig. 8.17. A high voltage cage is a fully fenced
or walled area, room or compartment identified by a notice, containing
exposed high voltage conductors, which do not maintain Standard Safety
Clearances.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 8.17 Barrier out (High Voltage Cage)
4. Designated work area’s (barrier in) keep people in and protect people
from hazards outside the barrier, Fig. 8.18. Persons shall not enter a
designated work area unless the authorized person in charge allows
entry.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 8.18 Barrier in (Designated Work Area)
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
169
170
LESSON 9
LOCKOUT/TAG-OUT
PROCEDURES
171
172
LESSON (9)
LOCKOUT / TAG-OUT PROCEDURES
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses lockout / tag-out procedures.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Identify each type of locks and hold tags according to SEC specifications.
 Provide tagging and locking procedure to be implemented before issuing
Electrical Work Permit.
 Safeguard persons and property from hazards arising from the
installation, operation or maintenance and restoration of electrical power
OVERVIEW
for distribution network and associated equipment.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
173
174
INTRODUCTION
The Hold Tag and Safety Lock procedure shall be implemented in coordination
with appropriate procedures for safely isolating live energy systems and
mechanical related systems, in order to provide for the isolation of all energy
sources that could endanger worker.
No work shall be done on the Medium Voltage/Low Voltage distribution system
by a competent worker/receiver without an appropriate Work Permit.
The Work Permit and Hold Tag procedures shall be complied with when work
is performed on or near de-energized lines or equipment in any situation, where
there is a danger of injury due to unexpected energization of the circuit parts or
unexpected start-up of equipment.
GENERAL REQUIRMENTS
1. The use of unapproved locks and warning labels is prohibited.
2. It is forbidden to provide the public key (Master Key) through which more
than one lock can be opened.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
3. No more than two keys are allowed for one lock, one with the authorized
person (issuer or receiver) and the other kept in a safe place with the
authorized person.
4. A multi-lock device should be used to allow more than one lock to be
placed when more than one technician is working independently, each
technician must set their own lock and keep their own key.
5. The warning label must be attached to the locks.
6. The locks of any equipment shall not affect the emergency disconnect
device of another equipment
7. The master key must be available at all times, even after the distribution
panel is locked.
8. Each lock must have a unique number clearly engraved on it.
9. In no case should the locks with repeating numbers be used at the same TARGET COMPETENCIES
time, this means that one of them must be removed from the locking
station immediately.
10. Equipment and circuit locks should not be considered a substitute for the
use of locks and warning signs.
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
175
PROCEDURES FOR APPLYING LOCKS AND HOLD TAGS
1. The issuer of the work permit must specify the equipment and the point
of isolation to be worked on.
2. The equipment number and the corresponding lock number must be
mentioned in the work permit.
3. The issuer of the work permit must place the multiple locks device, and
then place its own lock on the points where the locks are placed.
4. The issuer of the work permit must put his own warning card.
5. The receiver of the work permit must place his lock on the same multiple
locking device with his own warning card before receiving the work
permit.
6. The issuer of the permit must ensure that the receiver has placed his
own locks and cards before handing over the permit to the recipient.
LESSON 9 : LOCKOUT / TAG-OUT PROCEDURES
7. If the receiver of the work permit has more than one team working with
the same permit, then each competent worker must put his own lock with
the warning card.
8. All locks must be positioned in such a way that the disconnect
switch/disconnector of equipment cannot be operated.
9. Every employee of a company/contractor must keep his own key with
him only, as he is the only person authorized to remove the lock and his
warning card in the event of the completion of work and the security of
ending the work permit.
10. Upon completion of the work, the authorized person who placed it must
remove the locks and warning cards, and after all protective devices
have been returned to their normal position.
11. The hold tags must include the following information:
 The name and badge number of the person who placed the card.
 Identification of suspended equipment.
 Nature of work to be done (Description of Work).
 Time and date.
12. Always make sure that safety locks and warning cards are safe and
workable.
13. The old locks and cards that do not meet the approved company
specifications must be disposed of immediately. Therefore, the PPE
Committee must request the approved and updated locks and cards.
14. In the safety document forms (MV.PTW - LV.PTW - SFT - LOA – CSEP)
you must make sure to fill in all the fields of the isolating points accurately
and also write the safety lock serial number in the field designated for
that for both the source and the recipient.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
176
15. In case of shift work, if the work is to be completed in the next shift and
the employee (issuer - receiver) who put the safety lock is replaced by
another employee, the new employee must put his own safety lock and
warning cards on the isolating points and mention this in the safety
document. Then the old employee who has completed his shift can
remove his safety lock and warning cards.
16. If the time required for work takes another working day or more, the
safety locks and warning cards must remain at the isolating points, and
the authorized person must keep all of the following information in the
logbook:
 Equipment name.
 Equipment number.
 Safety lock number and warning card.
 The purpose of lock.
LOCKS AND WARNING CARDS

LOCKS
SPECIFIC SAFETY
SECURITY LOCKS
They are locks to secure company sites and equipment from tampering. Table
9.1 for example, are not limited to the places where the locks are placed at the
company's stations and equipment.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
177
No. EQUIPMENT POSITION OF LOCKS NOTES
No need to use
Distribution Substations Main door of the substation any additional
1
(Indoor) room locks inside the
room
The number of
Main door of the package locks according
2 Package Substations
substations the number of
doors
 RMU main switches
Distribution Substations  RMU ( T-OFF switch)
3
(Outdoor)  Door of the LV Panel
 Door of the fence

Distribution Unit  RMU ( T-OFF switch)
4 Substations  Door of the MV Panel
(Outdoor)  Door of the LV Panel
 Door of the fence

Platform Distribution
5  RMU ( T-OFF switch)
Substations
 Door of the MV Panel
Pole Mounted Distribution

6  Door of Control Panel
Equipment
7 Load Break Switches  Operating Handle
HV. Pad Mounted  The mechanism of

8
Switchgear operation and control
9 Mini-pillars  Outside Door
Table 9.1 Position of Locks
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
178
SAFETY LOCKS
All safety locks applied on equipment of distribution Network (underground –
Overhead lines).Table 9.2 show classifications safety locks.
AUTHORIZED LOCK
No. COLOR OF LOCKS
PERSON PICTURE
Issuer
1 Red
(SEC Employee)
Receiver
2 (SEC / Contractor) Yellow
Employee
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Competent Worker
3 (SEC / Contractor) Blue
Employee
Multi Lock
( issuer – receiver 1 –
4 Red
receiver 2 - …..
competent worker) TARGET COMPETENCIES
Group Lock Box

5 (Control Room or with the Red
employee in his truck)
Table 9.2 Classifications Safety Locks
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
179
WARNING CARDS
HOLD TAGS
Issuer and receiver in operational working such as isolate equipment use this
type of card. Fig. 9.1.
FIG. 9.1 Hold Tag
BOUNDARY TAG
Issuer and receiver use this type of card to identify (location - equipment -
overhead line - ...) which is charged and near to the work site and is likely to be
entered and dealt with as switched off and isolated. Fig. 9.2.
FIG. 9.2 Boundary Tag

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
180
CUATION TAG
Issuer and receiver use this type of card to alert and inform about abnormal
conditions or dangerous situations (such as fires). Fig. 9.3.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 9.3 Caution Tag
TEST TAG
Issuer and receiver use this type of card in cases of testing or inspecting at the
points related to the test or inspect (such as inspect transformers - cables -
switches). Fig. 9.4.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 9.4 Test Tag
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
181
GROUND TAG
Issuer and receiver use this type of card in cases of grounding the equipment
only. Fig. 9.5.
FIG. 9.5 Ground Tag
RISK CONTROL
To control hazards, a qualified employee and working person must follow the
following instructions:-
1. Identification of power sources and switching devices.
 Determine the source of dangerous energy (electrical - mechanical -
pneumatic).
 Isolating Points.
 Apply the safety locks and warning labels procedure by: the issuer -
the receiver - the competent worker.
2. Switching Equipment.
 Disconnector, Circuit Breakers, Ring Main Unit (RMU),
Sectionalizing, T-OFF and more.
 Valves.
 Locking devices used for power isolation. Fig. 9.6 shows locks &
warning signs on equipment of distribution network.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
182
FIG. 9.6 Locks and Warning Signs
3. Discharge stored energy:-

 Discharge electrical circuit by grounding.
 Discharge compressed air.
4. Verification and confirmation of isolation:-
 Functional devices correctly identified.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
 The equipment has been properly isolated and grounded.
 The stored energy has been discharged.
 Voltage test required is zero volts.
 Discharge compressed air.
 Safety locks and warning signs are placed on disconnected
equipment.
RELEASE SAFETY LOCKS & WARNING SIGNS

Only Authorized person must remove the safety locks only. The lock is removed
after:-
1. Notify all participants in the work or switching program (operating
program) that the process of removing safety locks and warning signs TARGET COMPETENCIES
has begun.
2. Inspect the work area and ensure that all workers keep a safe distance.
3. Remove all tools and equipment used in the work area.
4. Remove grounding and additional grounding, if any.
5. Ensure that the operating tool of equipment is in the OFF position and
the equipment is in a safe operating position.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
183
PROCEDURES OF BREAKING AND REMOVING THE LOCK IN
THE ABSENCE OF THE AUTHORIZED EMPLOYEE WHO
PLACED THE LOCK
1. An authorized employee who has placed the safety lock may not give his
keys to anyone else.
2. If SEC employee who placed the safety lock is unavailable to remove the
lock placed by him, the following steps are to be taken:
 The process of removing any lock must be started by an employee
other than the employee who placed the safety lock by obtaining an
approval and an official document (e-mail or signed letter) from the
division manager of the concerned department or the concerned
department manager or higher.
 An approval must be obtained from a representative of the party
issuing the work permit, as well as approval from a representative of

the party receiving the work permit, when removing any safety lock
for a non-existent or unavailable employee.
 An employee who will remove the safety lock in place of the employee
who placed the safety lock must obtain approval from the immediate
supervisor of the employee who placed the lock to remove that lock.
 The removal of any lock belonging to a non-existent employee is
achieved by using the spare key in the possession of the person
responsible for the locks. In cases where there is no spare key the
lock can be broken or unlocked.
3. In cases where there is no spare key the lock can be broken or unlocked,
the following steps are to be taken:
 The supervisor makes all possible and available attempts to contact
the authorized employee who placed the safety lock.
 If the supervisor is unable to reach the authorized employee who has
placed the safety lock, a committee is formed consisting of the
manager of the department/service office concerned as the head of
the committee and two qualified and authorized persons, one of
whom is issuer and the other a receiver, so that they are familiar with
the equipment and the nature of the work and determine that the
process of removing safety locks and warning panels is safe.
 The safety lock break /removal form is filled out and all required
details and signatures completed, Fig.9.7.
 After completing all of the above steps, the authorized person will
break or remove the safety lock and warning labels.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
184
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 9.7 Lock Break /Removal Form
4. If the authorized contractor’s employee placed the safety lock but he is

not available to remove it, then all the steps in the previous paragraph
TARGET COMPETENCIES
shall be followed, with an assurance that the SEC employee only does
the removal or breaking of the lock.
5. Breaking or removing safety locks or warning cards without permission
or other than what is stated in this procedure. This behavior is considered
a violation of safety and a violation of the approved procedures and
exposes the violating employee to legal accountability according to the
list of penalties and violations approved by the company.
6. The company's supervisor must inform the original authorized employee
who placed the safety lock that the lock has been removed or broken and
notify him of the current condition of the equipment.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
185
STANDARD SEC SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY LOCKS AND
WARNING SIGNS
Safety locks and warning signs in order to serve the purpose for which they are
regulated and to ensure their effectiveness, they must meet the following
standards and specifications:
DURABILITY
Safety locks must work efficiently under the influence of any weather factors
(weather condition - humidity - temperature) or any environmental conditions so
that they do not affect it. In addition, warning cards should not be affected by
weather factors, and the warnings and phrases written on them should be
legible and not affected under any weather condition.
STANDARDIZATION
Safety locks must be specified and secured by specification (indicated by color,
shape or size), as well as warning labels.
DESCRIPTION
Warning labels must be in accordance with quality specifications and standards,
as they have the ability to withstand weather, humidity and temperature factors
sufficiently and can be removed easily. In addition, each card is used only once
and then discarded. It shall be made of nylon or a similar material and the tensile
strength for hanging the tag shall be not less than 50 lbs.
IDENTIFICATION
Therefore, that any employee who sees the safety locks and the warning card
must identify the person who placed it on the equipment and the purpose of the
work to be performed. It should also not be used in other than the work for which
it is intended.
SERIAL NUMBER STANDARDIZATION

Every safety lock and warning card must have a unique, unparalleled serial
number, as well as every single key lock.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
186
KEEPING AND SECURING SAFETY LOCKS AND WARNING
SIGNS
1. To be in the control room/center and there must be a box for keeping
2. On the other hand, it can be as a mobile station (as a box) in the car or
with the employee.
3. Locks and Warning Cards Box/ Station Should contain an entry and exit
logbook for locks and warning cards.
4. All records of safety locks, warning cards, and keys must be kept in the
logbook.
5. Losing the key, removing or breaking the lock, etc., these data must be
recorded in the logbook.
PROCEDURES FOR LOCKING EQUIPMENT ON WHICH
SPECIFIC SAFETY
SAFETY LOCKS CANNOT BE INSTALLED
1. The next procedure is not carried out unless the first procedure cannot
be performed, the second procedure, and so on.
2. Any equipment that does not accept the placement of locks, the locks
must be placed on the main door or any door leading to the isolation point
to prevent access to the isolation point.
3. The isolation point (which is the point from which the technician
responsible for isolating electricity is separated from the work area) is
changed so that it can be locked in coordination with the operations
supervisor taking into account the numbers of affected subscribers and
the appropriate term of separation.
4. In the event that the isolation point cannot be changed, the locking tool
shall be placed according to the existing equipment, as shown below:
 If the isolation point is from the mini-pillar, it is applied as shown in
Fig. 9.8.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
 If the disconnect point is from the service box of the pole mounted
transformer, sectionalizer, or auto reclosers, then the application is
carried out as shown in in Fig. 9.9.
 In the event that the isolation point of disconnection is from the fuses
of the platform transformer (PMT) (the isolation location is far from
the work site), the personal grounding shall be installed on the
overhead line before and after the work site according to safe working
procedures for operation, maintenance and construction, and the
following requirements are applied:
o The employee must remain near to the isolation point.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
187
o The lock and warning labels shall be placed on the transformer
pole and fuses at a height of not less than 1.7 m.
o A warning tape shall be installed between the verticals of the
transformer at a height of not less than 1.7 m. as shown in in Fig.
9.10 & 9.11.
LESSON 9 : LOCKOUT/TAG-OUT PROCEDURES
FIG. 9.8
FIG. 9.9
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
188
FIG. 9.10
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 9.11
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
189
190
LESSON 10
GROUNDING & PROCEDURES
FOR THE GROUNDING
PROCESS
191
192
LESSON (10)
GROUNDING & PROCEDURES FOR THE GROUNDING
PROCESS
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses grounding & procedures for the grounding process.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Identify the function of grounding.
 Identify the types of grounding.
 Explain the difference between system grounding and equipment
grounding.
OVERVIEW
 State steps and procedures for connecting and removing the portable
protective ground.
 Explain the importance of protective grounding.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
193
194
INTRODUCTION
The primary purpose of personal protective grounding is to provide adequate
protection against electrical shock causing death or injury to personnel while
working on de-energized lines or equipment. This is accomplished by grounding
and bonding lines and equipment to limit the body contact or exposure voltages
at the worksite to a safe value if the lines or equipment is accidentally energized
from any source of hazardous energy.
The greatest source of hazardous energy in most cases is direct energization
of lines or equipment from the power system.
Other sources of hazardous energy may include:

1. Stored energy (capacitors).
2. Static build-up.
3. Faulted equipment.
4. Electromagnetic coupling.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
5. High Voltage testing.
6. Instrument transformer back-feed.
FUNCTION OF GROUNDING
Ground or earth is:
 The reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are
measured,
 A common return path for electric current, or
 A direct physical connection to the earth.
In electrical power distribution systems, a protective ground conductor is an

essential part of the safety earthing system.
Electrical circuits may be connected to ground for several reasons. In mains

powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground to prevent
user contact with dangerous voltage if electrical insulation fails. Connections to TARGET COMPETENCIES
ground limit the build- up of static electricity when handling flammable products
or electrostatic-sensitive devices.
For measurement purposes, the earth serves as a (reasonably) constant

potential reference against which other potentials can be measured.
An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying

capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In electronic
circuit theory, a "ground" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for
charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its
potential.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
195
Where a real ground connection has a significant resistance, the approximation
of zero potential is no longer valid. Stray voltages or earth potential rise effects
will occur, which may create noise in signals or if large enough will produce an
electric shock hazard.
LESSON 10: GROUNDING & PROCEDURES FOR THE GROUNDING PROCESS
FIG. 10.1 Ground Symbols
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM NETWORK GROUNDING

A grounding system has two distinct parts:
1. System grounding.
2. Equipment grounding.
System Grounding is the electrical connection of one of the current carrying

conductors of the electrical system to the ground.
Equipment Grounding is the electrical connection of all the metal parts that do
not carry current of all electrical equipment to the ground.
The electrical code requires that all equipment must be properly grounded and
equipment grounds are universally applied. On the other hand, until recently,
the system grounding was not always considered necessary and some systems
were operated ungrounded.
FIG. 10.2 Illustration of System and Equipment Grounding
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
196
NOTE
Fig. 10.2 shows a separate ground connection for each type of
grounding to illustrate the two different functions. In practice, there will
be one common connection to ground.
SYSTEM GROUNDING
Fig. 10.3 shows the most common system ground connections for transformer
star connected winding. There are three types for star winding connection as:
1. Solid grounding connection (Most common).
2. Grounding through resistance (Limiting for fault current).
3. Grounding through reactance (Coil):
a. Fixed reactance (Coil).
b. Variable reactance (Paterson Coil).
Neutral point in rear cases can be isolated in floated systems. Floated system
SPECIFIC SAFETY
has very limited short circuit current for first fault condition.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 10.3 Illustration of System Grounding for Star Connection Winding
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
197
FIG. 10.4 Illustration of System Grounding (Neutral Point Grounded)
FIG. 10.5 Illustration Of Equipment Grounding
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
198
Figure 10.6 show the most common system ground connections for transformer
delta connected winding. There are three types for star winding connection as:
1. Center tapped grounding.
2. One point grounding.
3. Ungrounded (Isolated).
Delta connection can be fully grounded through Zigzag transformer with special
arrangement for it winding. Fig. 10.7 shows that transformer connection.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 10.6 Illustration of System Grounding For Delta Connection Winding
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
199
FIG. 10.7 Zigzag Grounding Transformer Implementation
SEC SYSTEM NEUTRAL GROUNDING

33 KV AND 13.8 KV SYSTEMS
Overhead Distribution Network is Grounded As Follows:
1. These are 3-wire primary systems run on steel poles. MV neutral of
power transformers is grounded solidly or through low resistance at
HV/MV substations.
2. The secondary side of the distribution transformers is solidly grounded
and connected with MV grounding.
3. A ground wire is continuously run under the phase wires and is grounded
at the terminal pole and every fifth pole.
Underground Distribution Network is Grounded As Follows:

1. These are 3-wire primary systems with the metal screen /armor of MV
cables is grounded at all cable termination points.
2. MV neutral of power transformers is grounded solidly or through low
resistance.
3. The secondary side of the distribution transformers is solidly grounded
and connected with MV grounding.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
200
LV SYSTEM
Overhead Distribution Network is Grounded As Follows:
It is a 4-wire system and system neutral is multiply grounded at each pole and
at consumer location.
Underground Distribution Network is Grounded As Follows:

It is a 4-wire system and the LV neutral is multiple grounded at all cable
terminations, at MV / LV substations, distribution pillars, and consumer
locations.
GROUND RESISTANCE VALUES AND NUMBER OF GROUND

RODS
Every pole with MV equipment installation shall be grounded with minimum of
four ground rods. In high soil resistivity areas, such as rocky areas, loose soil,
SPECIFIC SAFETY
etc.; additional number of rods or equivalent length of ground wire shall be used
to achieve the required ground resistance value.
Soil resistivity can also be improved by adding the appropriate Low Resistivity
Materials (LRM) as described in SDCS-03 part 3.
All installations with Surge Arresters for protection of line equipment shall be
grounded through minimum four ground rods.
Maximum recommended ground resistance for different installations is as Table
10.1.
ITEM GROUND RESISTANCE (Ω)

System Ground 5
All Distribution Substations 5
Surge Arresters 5
LV Distribution Pillar 10 TARGET COMPETENCIES
MV / LV Poles 20
Table 10.1 Maximum Ground Resistance
BONDING OF LV NEUTRAL AND MV GROUNDS

LV neutral ground and any grounds associated with MV equipment / system
shall always be kept bonded.
Separation between LV neutral ground and MV equipment / system ground
shall be achieved by grounding LV neutral points, which are remote from MV
grounds. Minimum distance between any part of MV ground system and nearest
LV, neutral ground shall be 4 meters.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
201
Useful SEC documents about ground resistance:
1. DMM- 04-05 Grounding inspection, maintenance and testing procedure.
2. SDCS-03 Part-I (Rev.01) Underground Network Grounding - Rev. 01.
3. SDCS-03 Part-II (Rev.01) Overhead Network Grounding - Rev. 01.
4. SDCS-03 Part-III (Rev.01) Grounding Resistance Measurements and
Improvement.
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PROTECTIVE GROUNDING

All metalwork shall be bonded together and to the substation metalwork
grounding system. Each continuous piece of metal that could form part of the
path of a ground fault current shall be bonded to its neighbors so that continuity
of grounding circuit does not depend on mechanical connections between
components.
SUBSTATIONS WITH "LV" PANELS

Grounding arrangements for such substations are shown in Fig. 10.8 to 10.10.
Neutral of transformer is grounded by bonding neutral busbar inside LV
distribution panel with the body through a 70 mm 2 copper link. MV & LV ground
conductors shall be bonded to the common ground wire. Minimum of four
ground rods shall be used for the metalwork including neutral grounding of all
substations, which are supplied from underground network.
If the transformer and RMU are separated by more than 4 meters, both of them
should be treated as independent installations, and each one should be
grounded with four ground rods.
FIG. 10.8 Bonding and Grounding Arrangement of MV/LV Package Unit

NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
202
NOTE
In case of boundary wall or fence line restrictions, it is acceptable to
reduce the 1000 mm distance to the maximum possible.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 10.9 Bonding and Grounding Arrangement of MV/LV Unit Substation
NOTES
o In case of boundary wall or fence line restrictions, it is acceptable
to reduce the 1000 mm distance to the maximum possible.
o Neutral busbar is connected with cabinet body through link.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 10.10 Bonding & Grounding Arrangement of MV/LV Substation with LV

Panel
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
203
SUBSTATIONS WITHOUT "LV" PANELS
These substations serve large single point LV customers directly from the
transformer terminals.
All metalwork shall be bonded together and to the substation metalwork
grounding system. Each continuous piece of metal that could form part of the
path of a ground fault current shall be bonded to its neighbors so that continuity
of grounding circuit does not depend on mechanical connections between
components.
The LV neutral shall be connected to MV/LV substation ground. The customer
presents:
1. Three phase conductors.

2. One neutral conductor.
3. One 35 mm2 bare copper ground conductor for connection by SEC.
The phase and neutral conductors shall be connected to the appropriate
terminals of the transformer. The ground conductor shall be connected to the
neutral terminal of the transformer. Grounding arrangement of such substations
is shown in Fig. 10.11
FIG. 10.11 Bonding & Grounding Arrangement of MV/LV Substation without LV

Panel
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
204
UNDERGROUND "LV" NETWORK AND SERVICES
LV distribution system extends from the LV terminals of MV / LV substations
Down to and including the load terminals of KWH meter installations. An LV
network consists of one or more LV feeders supplied from a transformer. Each
feeder serves one or more customers. Customer connections may be made
from LV Distribution pillars, LV panels or directly from transformers.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 10.12 Bonding & Grounding Arrangement of LV Distribution Pillar
IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTIVE GROUNDING TARGET COMPETENCIES

Personal protective grounding/bonding (PPGB) techniques provide shock
protection for electrical workers working on de-energized equipment.
If done correctly, PPGB is by far the most effective means of protecting workers
from electrical shock. If done incorrectly, however, it can precipitate arc flash
events of unimaginable magnitude.
PPGB is especially important for Medium Voltage (MV) electrical workers,
because equipment can become energized remote from the work location due
to switching errors or through induction. In fact, MV circuits can induce voltage
and current on conductive surfaces even several yards away from energized
conductors.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
205
The main purpose of PPGB is to expeditiously actuate overcurrent protective
devices while simultaneously limiting voltage to which workers are exposed to
safe levels. When a circuit has been properly grounded for the protection of
workers and it accidentally becomes energized, the voltage on the system sags
to near zero. However, the grounding cables cannot carry these massive
amounts of current for more than a fraction of a second. Therefore, the workers'
lives depend upon the overcurrent protective devices that protect the circuit (to
de-energize it) before the grounding cables melt open and voltage levels return
to unsafe levels.
STEPS AND ILLUSTRATION OF PROTECTIVE GROUNDING

FOR STAFF
The basic steps involved in the installation and removal of protective grounding
equipment is as follows:
1. De-energize the electrical equipment by isolating all possible electrical
sources to the equipment.
2. For MV systems, it is a requirement to get a “visual open” in the circuit,
such that the worker can visualize an air-gap in the switches used to
isolate the circuit. This can be achieved either by:
 Opening a solid-blade switch that can be visualized,
 “Racking out” a circuit breaker by removing it from contact with an
electrical bus.
 Any other means that positively separates the electrical contacts in
an energy-isolating device.
3. Follow normal Lockout/Tag out (LOTO) procedures.
4. It is required to perform a 3-point test with a sensitive voltage testing
devices to verify a zero energy state.
 A 3-point test consists of testing the voltage tester on a known
energized source to verify it is working properly (Test No. 1).
 Then, test the circuit on which work is to be performed (Test No. 2).
 Finally, test the voltage tester on the same energized source as was
used in Test No.1 to verify the tester is still working properly (Test No.
3). Examples of sensitive voltage testing devices include “proximity”
testers, such as glow sticks (similar to light pens), tic-tracers (they
make a sound), or direct-reading MV voltmeters.
5. One of the most important steps in the grounding process is to properly
clean the conductors before connecting to them. This task is performed
using a wire brush that is connected to an insulated stick. Wire brushes
come in many different styles to accommodate the many different types
of equipment that must be grounded. The main point to remember is that
NOTE:
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206
you must remove all oxidation on both the phase conductors and
grounding electrodes before attaching grounding cables to them.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 10.13 Temporary Grounding Cable
TARGET COMPETENCIES
FIG. 10.14 Following Proper Work Practices Is Just As Important As Wearing

Proper Levels of PPE
6. As is the case with most of electrical work, grounding cables must be

installed and removed in a specific order. Always connect the grounded
NOTE:
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207
end of the grounding cables first. Next, make connections to the phase
conductors.
7. When finished with your work, remove the grounding jumpers in the
reverse order.
NOTE
There have been fatalities when workers attempted to move or remove
the ground connections while the jumpers were still connected to the
phase conductors.
FIG. 10.15 Connecting the Portable Grounding in the Suitable Location for Safe
Work Practices in HV/MV S/S Switchyard (Wearing Proper Levels of PPE)
Furthermore, the cables must be placed only at proper points in the electrical
system to ensure they perform as expected, should the equipment become
energized. Many arc flash accidents have occurred when workers improperly
applied grounding cables and the systems became energized.
The techniques for grounding also vary by the types of systems on which work
is being performed.
NOTE:
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PROTECTIVE GROUNDING ADDITIONAL
RECOMMENDATIONS
Here are some other recommendations to follow that help increase the odds of
performing PPGB safely at most facilities.
1. Ensure only qualified electrical workers install grounds
Typically, electrical workers must acquire specialized training under
qualified supervision before being allowed to install grounds. Workers
should demonstrate proficiency in both technical knowledge and proper
grounding techniques before they are allowed to act as the lead person on
this type of job.
2. Consult arc flash hazard analysis studies prior to grounding equipment
Arc flash hazard analysis studies and equipment labels reveal Short Circuit
Current (SCC) values and incident energy (heat) levels at the proposed work
location. This information allows the worker to adequately size their
SPECIFIC SAFETY
grounding cables for the job at hand and wear the proper level of flame-
resistant clothing.
3. Use written checklists for MV switching/grounding
Use of a step-by-step check sheet will help ensure that the proper switching
sequences are followed and keep a log of grounding cables installed, which
goes a long way in preventing workers from accidentally re-energizing
previously grounded circuits.
4. Disable reclosing relays on circuits to be grounded
Any circuit that includes a reclosing relay must have that relay disabled
before any switching or grounding occurs on the subject equipment. The
reclosing relays may be physically disabled on the switch itself (mostly in
overhead or substation installations) or the relay may reside inside the
substation relay house along with the other relays.
5. Exceed minimum safety standards when needed
There may be times when it is prudent to wear MV rubber gloves or take TARGET COMPETENCIES
additional safety precautions even after protective grounds have been
installed.
6. Adopt a “think twice, act once” methodology
Hazards Associated with Grounding illustrates how omitting a single step
(i.e., failing to take a voltage reading) in the grounding procedure can result
in a fatality. Clearly, MV work exerts a severe penalty on anyone who fails
to completely follow safe work procedures.
7. Use a “buddy system” when grounding equipment
It may be prudent work practice to assign a team of two qualified electrical
workers to perform PPGB. The second pair of eyes may catch a missed step
NOTE:
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209
in the process. In addition, the second person may serve as a rescuer if
something unforeseen occurs. The second person should also assume a
position outside the arc flash protection boundary, so that he will not be
injured in the event of an arc flash.
The use of PPGB techniques for MV work is by far the most effective means of
protecting electrical workers from shock hazards. When properly installed,
electrical workers can feel secure that they will be protected even if the circuitry
on which they are working should become energized for any reason. However,
the real danger of initiating an arc blast also comes with PPGB — so only highly
skilled electrical workers should be allowed to install temporary grounds.
PORTABLE EARTH APPLICATION (PEA) DOCUMENT

Portable Earth Application is a safety document issued by the control engineer
I NWO to an authorized receiver in charge of the electrical equipment, which is
not equipped with a Circuit Main Earth switch and de-energized from all possible
power sources. This document is mostly needed for equipment related to
outdoor substations.
1. De-energization shall be done by the Control Center I Network and
confirmed by the control engineer as documented in the safety document
form.
2. PEA shall be issued following the steps laid down in the switching
program. Once PEA is issued, control engineer shall record the PE a
number in the "safety document" field of the "distribution outage" file of
the computer-based database of the Control Center.
3. The status of this document can be retrieved at any time with one of the
following entries;
 PEA Number.
 Date of issue of PEA.
 ID No. of the receiver.
4. All activities regarding the issue of a PEA will be recorded by control

engineer in:
 Computer based data base field provided for the safety document
description.
 Switching program, at the step of issue of the PEA.
5. All activities regarding the issue of a PEA shall be recorded by the NWO,
in the first upper part. In the standard PEA Form shown.
 Once the PEA is issued, the receiving person shall record all PEA
information in the standard, in the specified field for the receiver.
NOTE:
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210
 Having received the PEA document, the receiver is allowed to apply
the portable earth at the required point of work. This PEA should
never be removed at all only under the permission of the control
engineer and where specified in the safety document.
 The subsequent next required safety document, which is either PTW
or SFT, shall be issued for the required job.
 During work progress and while the PEA safety document is valid,
the control engineer shall issue verbal hold instruction through the
NWO to all S.TW’s, whenever needed to issue S.F.T. The job will be
resumed under the same P.T.W safety document when the hold
condition is over after confirmation that CME/PEA is applied.
 After all required jobs for the isolated equipment under program are
completed; all issued safety documents (P.T.W and S.F.T) shall be
closed.

SPECIFIC SAFETY
PEA safety document shall be the last safety document to be closed
to proceed for equipment restoration.
 In conditions where crews are working in different locations within the
same isolation limits, then it is permissible to issue multiple PEA.
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
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212
LESSON 11
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK
MANAGEMENT
213
214
LESSON (11)
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
OVERVIEW
This lesson discusses hazard analysis and risk management.
TARGET COMPETENCY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Recognize the different types of hazards.
 Evaluate the different types of hazards.
 Control hazards by creating a safe work environment and using safe
work practices.
OVERVIEW
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216
INTRODUCTION
HAZARD
A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is
associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an
injury or illness. Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them as early
as possible will help prevent injuries and illnesses.
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples
include any substance, material, process, practice, etc that has the ability to
cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain conditions. Table
11.1.
WORKPLACE
HAZARD EFFECT
HAZARD
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Thing Knife Cut
Substance Benzene Leukemia
Material Asbestos Mesothelioma
Source of Energy Electricity Shock, electrocution
Condition Wet floor Slips, falls
Process Welding Metal fume fever
Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis
Table 11.1 Hazards and the Effects
As shown in Table 11.1, workplace hazards also include practices or conditions

that release uncontrolled energy like:
1. An object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy).
2. A run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy).
3. The release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature).
TARGET COMPETENCIES
4. Entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy).
5. Contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to
identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the
worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify
uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an
acceptable risk level.
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217
Hazard analysis is used as the first step in a process used to assess risk. The
result of a hazard analysis is the identification of different type of hazards. A
hazard is a potential condition and exists or not (probability is 1 or 0). It may in
single existence or in combination with other hazards and conditions become
an actual Functional Failure or Accident.
The way this exactly happens in one particular sequence is called a scenario.
This scenario has a probability (between 1 and 0) of occurrence. Often a system
has many potential failure scenarios. It also is assigned a classification, based
on the worst-case severity of the end condition.
Risk is the combination of probability and severity. Preliminary risk levels can
be provided in the hazard analysis. The validation, more precise prediction
LESSON 11: HAZARD ANALYSIS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
(verification) and acceptance of risk is determined in the Risk analysis.

The main goal of both is to provide the best selection of means of controlling or
eliminating the risk.
Hazard analysis can lead us to answer an important question. What must be
done to be safe? To be safe, you must think about your job and plan for hazards.
To avoid injury or death, you must understand and recognize hazards.
You need to evaluate the situation you are in and assess your risks. You need
to control hazards by:
1. Creating a safe work environment,
2. Using safe work practices, and
3. Reporting hazards to the responsible supervisor.
If you do not:
1. Recognize.
2. Evaluate, and
3. Control hazards.
You may be injured or killed by the electricity itself, electrical fires, or falls. If you
use the safety model to recognize, evaluate, and control hazards, you are much
safer.
RECOGNIZING HAZARDS
The first step toward protecting yourself is recognizing the many hazards you
face on the job. To do this, you must know which situations can place you in
danger. Knowing where to look helps you to recognize hazards.
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218
INADEQUATE WIRING HAZARDS
An electrical hazard exists when the wire is too small a gauge for the current it
will carry. When a wire is too small for the current it is supposed to carry, the
wire will heat up. The heated wire could cause a fire.
The kind of metal used as a conductor can cause an electrical hazard. Special
care needs to be taken with aluminum wire. Since it is more brittle than copper,
aluminum wire can crack and break more easily. Connections with aluminum
wire can become loose and oxidize if not made properly, creating heat or arcing.
You need to recognize that inadequate wiring is a hazard
EXPOSED ELECTRICAL PARTS HAZARDS

Electrical hazards exist when wires (in control circuits), conductors, cables or
other electrical parts are exposed. Wires and parts can be exposed if a cover is
removed from a wiring or breaker box. Electrical terminals in motors and
SPECIFIC SAFETY
appliances may be exposed. Fig. 11.1.
FIG. 11.1 Exposed Electrical Wire
Older equipment may have exposed electrical parts. If you contact exposed live
TARGET COMPETENCIES
electrical parts, you will be shocked.
You need to recognize that an exposed electrical component is a hazard.
APPROACH BOUNDARIES
The risk from exposed live parts depends on your distance from the parts. Three
“boundaries” are key to protecting yourself from electric shock and one to
protect you from arc flashes or blasts. Table 11.2 these boundaries are:
1. The limited approach boundary is the closest an unqualified per-son can
approach, unless a qualified person accompanies you.
2. The restricted approach boundary is the closest to exposed live parts
that a qualified person can go without proper PPE and insulated tools.
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219
3. The flash protection boundary is where you need PPE to prevent
incurable burns, if there is an arc flash.
RESTRICTED LIMITED RESTRICTED

APPROACH APPROACH APPROACH
1 ft. 3 ft. 6 in. 4 ft.
Table 11.2 Electric Shock & Flash Protection Boundaries to Live Parts for 300–
600 Volts
OVERHEAD POWER LINE HAZARDS

Most people do not realize that overhead power lines are usually not insulated.
More than half of all electrocutions are caused by direct worker contact with
energized power lines. Power line workers must be especially aware of the
dangers of overhead lines.
FIG. 11.2 Operating A Crane Near Overhead Wires Is Very Hazardous
Shocks and electrocutions occur where physical barriers are not in place to
prevent contact with the wires.
When dump trucks, cranes, work platforms, or other conductive materials (such
as pipes and ladders) contact overhead wires, the equipment operator or other
workers can be killed. If you do not maintain required clearance distances from
power lines, you can be shocked and killed.
You need to recognize that overhead power lines are a hazard.
NOTE:
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220
DEFECTIVE INSULATION HAZARDS
Insulation that is defective or inadequate is an electrical hazard. Usually, a
plastic or rubber covering insulates wires. Insulation prevents conductors from
coming in contact with each other. Insulation also prevents conductors from
coming in contact with people. Sometimes the insulation inside an electrical tool
or appliance is damaged. When insulation is damaged, exposed metal parts
may become energized if a live wire inside touches them. Electric hand tools
that are old, damaged, or misused may have damaged insulation inside. If you
touch damaged power tools or other equipment, you will receive a shock.
You need to recognize that defective insulation is a hazard.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 11.3 Defective Insulation Hazardous
IMPROPER GROUNDING HAZARDS

When an electrical system is not grounded properly, a hazard exists. The most
common electrical violation is improper grounding of equipment and circuitry. TARGET COMPETENCIES
The metal parts of an electrical wiring system that we touch should be grounded.
If the system is not grounded these parts may become energized. Metal parts
of overhead lines, motors or appliances that are plugged into improperly
grounded circuits may be energized.
When a circuit is not grounded properly, a hazard exists because unwanted
voltage cannot be safely eliminated. If there is no safe path to ground for fault
currents, exposed metal parts in damaged appliances can become energized.
You need to recognize that an improperly grounded electrical system is a
hazard.
NOTE:
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221
OVERLOAD HAZARDS
Overloads in an electrical system are hazardous because they can produce
heat or arcing. Wires and other components in an electrical system or circuit
have a maximum amount of current they can carry safely. If too many devices
are plugged into a circuit, the electrical current will heat the wires to a very high
temperature. The temperature of the wires can be high enough to cause a fire.
If their insulation melts, arcing may occur. Arcing can cause a fire in the area
where the overload exists, even inside a wall.
FIG. 11.4 Overloading for Electrical Equipment (Transformer) Hazardous
In order to prevent too much current in a circuit, a circuit breaker or fuse is

placed in the circuit. If the breakers or fuses are too big for the wires they are
supposed to protect, an overload in the circuit will not be detected and the
current will not be shut off.
You need to recognize that a circuit with improper overcurrent protection

devices or one with no overcurrent protection devices at all is a hazard.
NOTE:
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222
WET CONDITIONS HAZARDS
Working in wet conditions is hazardous because you may become an easy path
for electrical current. If you touch a live wire or other electrical component and
you are standing in even a small puddle of water you will receive a shock.
If you touch a live electrical component with an uninsulated hand tool, you are
more likely to receive a shock when standing in water.
Wet clothing, high humidity, and perspiration reduce resistance and increase
your chances of being electrocuted.
You need to recognize that all wet conditions are hazards.
ADDITIONAL HAZARDS
In addition to electrical hazards, other types of hazards are present at job sites.
Remember that all of these hazards can be controlled.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 11.5 Additional Hazardous
1. There may be chemical hazards. Solvents and other substances may be TARGET COMPETENCIES
poisonous or cause disease.
2. Frequent overhead work can cause tendinitis (inflammation) in your
shoulders. Intensive use of hand tools that involve force or twisting can
cause tendinitis of the hands, wrists, or elbows.
3. Low back pain can result from lifting objects the wrong way or carrying
heavy loads of wire or other material. Back pain can also occur because
of injury from poor working surfaces such as wet or slippery floors.
4. Chips and particles flying from tools can injure your eyes. Wear eye
protection.
5. Falling objects can hit you. Wear a hard hat.
NOTE:
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223
6. Sharp tools and power equipment can cause cuts and other injuries. If
you receive a shock, you may react and be hurt by a tool.
7. You can be injured or killed by falling from a ladder or scaffolding. If you
receive a shock, you may lose your balance and fall.
8. You expose yourself to hazards when you do not wear PPE.
All of these situations need to be recognized as hazards.
EVALUATING HAZARDS
After you recognize a hazard, your next step is to evaluate your risk from the
hazard.
Obviously, exposed wires should be recognized as a hazard. If the exposed
wires are 15 feet off the ground, your risk is low. However, if you are going to
be working on a roof near those same wires, your risk is high. The risk of shock
is greater if you will be carrying metal conduit that could touch the exposed
wires. You must constantly evaluate your risk.
Combinations of hazards increase your risk. Improper grounding and a
damaged tool greatly increase your risk. Wet conditions combined with other
hazards also increase your risk. You will need to make decisions about the
nature of hazards in order to evaluate your risk and do the right thing to remain
safe.
There are “clues” that electrical hazards exist. You must evaluate the “clue” and
decide what action should be taken to control the hazard.
There are a number of other conditions that indicate a hazard:-

9. Tripped circuit breakers and blown fuses show that too much current is
flowing in a circuit or that a fault exists. This condition could be due to
several factors, such as malfunctioning equipment or a short between
conductors. You need to determine the cause in order to control the
hazard.
10. An electrical tool, appliance, wire, or connection that feels warm may
indicate too much current in the circuit or equipment or that a fault exists.
You need to evaluate the situation and determine your risk.
11. A cable, fuse box, or junction box that feels warm may indicate too much
current in the circuits.
12. A burning odor may indicate overheated insulation.
13. Worn, frayed, or damaged insulation around any wire or other conductor
is an electrical hazard because the conductors could be exposed.
Contact with an exposed wire could cause a shock. You need to evaluate
NOTE:
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224
the seriousness of any damage you find and decide how to deal with the
hazard.
14. A Ground Fault Current Indicator (GFCI) that trips indicates there is
current leakage from the circuit. First, you must decide the probable
cause of the leakage by recognizing any contributing hazards.
Then, you must decide what action needs to be taken.
CONTROLLING HAZARDS
In order to control hazards, you must first create a safe work environment, and
then work in a safe manner. Generally, it is best to remove the hazards
altogether and create an environment that is truly safe. When regulations are
followed, safe work environments are created.
However, you never know when materials or equipment might fail. Prepare
yourself for the unexpected by using safe work practices. Use as many
SPECIFIC SAFETY
safeguards as possible. If one fails, another may protect you from injury or
death.
CREATING A SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT

A safe work environment is created by controlling contact with electrical
voltages and the currents they can cause. Electrical currents need to be
controlled so they do not pass through the body. In addition to preventing
shocks, a safe work environment reduces the chance of fires, burns, and falls.
You need to guard against contact with electrical voltages and control electrical
currents in order to create a safe work environment. Make your environment
safer by doing the following:
1. Treat all conductors even “de-energized” ones as if they are energized
until they are locked out and tagged.
2. Verify circuits are de-energized before starting work.
3. Lock out and tag out circuits and machines. TARGET COMPETENCIES
4. Prevent overloaded wiring by using the right size and type of wire.
5. Prevent exposure to live electrical parts by isolating them.
6. Prevent exposure to live wires and parts by using insulation.
7. Prevent shocking currents from electrical systems and tools by
grounding them.
8. Prevent shocking currents by using Ground Fault Current Indicators.
9. Prevent too much current in circuits by using overcurrent protection
devices.
NOTE:
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225
CONTROL HAZARDS OF CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
The wiring methods and size of conductors of cables used in a system depend
on several factors:
1. Intended use of the circuit system.
2. Building materials.
3. Size and distribution of electrical load.
4. Location of equipment (such as underground burial).
5. Environmental conditions (such as dampness).
6. Presence of corrosives.
7. Temperature extremes.
Fixed, permanent wiring is better than extension cords, which can be misused
and damaged more easily. The choice of wiring material depends on the wiring
environment and the need to support and protect wires.
Aluminum wire and connections should be handled with special care.
Connections made with aluminum wire can loosen due to heat expansion and
oxidize if they are not made properly. Loose or oxidized connections can create
heat or arcing.
CONTROL HAZARDS OF FLEXIBLE WIRING

Flexible wiring can be used for extension cords or power supply cords. Power
supply cords can be removable or permanently attached to the appliance.
Flexible cords cannot be used as a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure.
Flexible cords Must Not be . . .
1. Run through holes in walls, ceilings, or floors;
2. Run through doorways, windows, or similar openings;
3. Attached to building surfaces;
4. Hidden in walls, ceilings, or floors; or
5. Hidden in conduit or other raceways.
Use the right extension cord; add to find the total current needed to operate all
the appliances supplied by the cord. Choose a wire gauge that can handle the
total current.
1. The length of the extension cord also needs to be considered when

selecting the wire gauge. Voltage drops over the length of a cord. If a
cord is too long, the voltage drop can be enough to damage equipment.
2. The grounding path for extension cords must be kept intact to keep you
safe.
3. A typical extension cord grounding system has four components:
a. A third wire in the cord, called a ground wire;
b. A three-prong plug with a grounding prong on one end of the cord;
NOTE:
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226
c. A three-wire, grounding-type receptacle at the other end of the cord;
and
d. A properly grounded outlet.
CONTROL HAZARDS OF EXPOSED LIVE ELECTRICAL PARTS

Electrical hazards exist when wires or other electrical parts are exposed. These
hazards need to be controlled to create a safe work environment. Isolation of
energized electrical parts makes them inaccessible unless tools and special
effort are used. Isolation can be accomplished by placing the energized parts
at least 8 feet high and out of reach, or by guarding. Guarding is a type of
isolation that uses various structures like cabinets, boxes, screens, barriers,
covers, and partitions to close-off live electrical parts.
Take the following precautions to prevent injuries from contact with live parts:
1. Immediately report exposed live parts to a supervisor.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
2. Provide guards or barriers if live parts cannot be enclosed completely.
3. Use covers, screens, or partitions for guarding that require tools to
remove them.
4. Replace covers that have been removed from panels, motors, or fuse
boxes.
5. Close unused conduit openings in boxes so that foreign objects (pencils,
metal chips, conductive debris, etc.) cannot get inside and damage the
circuit.
CONTROL HAZARDS OF SHOCKING CURRENTS (GROUND

CIRCUITS AND EQUIPMENT)
When an electrical system is not grounded properly, a hazard exists. This is
because the parts of an electrical wiring system that a person normally touches
may be energized, or live, relative to ground.
Parts like switch plates, wiring boxes, conduit, cabinets, and lights need to be TARGET COMPETENCIES
at 0 volts relative to ground. If the system is grounded improperly, these parts
may be energized. The metal housings of equipment plugged into an outlet
need to be grounded through the plug.
Grounding is connecting an electrical system to the earth with a wire. Excess or
stray current travels through this wire to a grounding device deep in the earth.
Grounding prevents unwanted voltage on electrical components.
NOTE:
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227
FIG. 11.6 Grounding Circuits and Equipment
Sometimes an electrical system will receive a higher voltage than it is designed

to handle. These high voltages may come from a lightning strike, line surge, or
contact with a higher-voltage line. Sometimes a defect occurs in a device that
allows exposed metal parts to become energized. Grounding will help protect
the person working on a system, the system itself, and others using tools or
operating equipment connected to the system. The extra current produced by
the excess voltage travels relatively safely to the earth.
Grounding creates a path for currents produced by unintended voltages on
exposed parts. These currents follow the grounding path, rather than passing
through the body of someone who touches the energized equipment.
When you ground a tool or electrical system, you create a low-resistance path
to the earth. When done properly, this path has sufficient current-carrying
capacity to eliminate voltages that may cause a dangerous shock.
Grounding does not guarantee you will not receive a shock, be injured, or killed
from defective equipment. However, it greatly reduces the possibility.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
228
RISK
RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk management is the chance, probability that a person will be harmed, or
experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply
to situations with property or equipment loss. For example, the risk of
developing cancer from smoking cigarettes could be expressed, as “cigarette
smokers are 12 times (for example) more likely to die of lung cancer than non-
smokers.
Another way of reporting risk is "a certain number, "Y", of smokers per 100,000
smokers will likely develop lung cancer" (depending on their age and how many
years they have been smoking).
These risks are expressed as a probability or likelihood of developing a disease
or being injured, whereas hazards refer to the possible consequences (e.g.,
SPECIFIC SAFETY
lung cancer, emphysema and heart disease from cigarette smoking).
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEGREE OF RISK INCLUDE:
1. How much a person is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition.

2. How the person is exposed (e.g., breathing in a vapor, skin contact).
3. How severe are the effects under the conditions of exposure.
RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk assessment is the process where you:
1. Identify hazards.
2. Analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard.
3. Determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.
In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at your workplace to

identify those things, situations, processes, etc. that may cause harm,
TARGET COMPETENCIES
particularly to people. After identification is made, you evaluate how likely and
severe the risk is, and then decide what measures should be in place to
effectively prevent or control the harm from happening.
RISK ASSESSMENT IMPORTANCE

Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of a good
occupational health and safety management plan. They help to:
1. Create awareness of hazards and risks.
2. Identify who may be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors,
the public, etc.).
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
229
3. Determine if existing control measures are adequate or if more should
be done.
4. Prevent injuries or illnesses when done at the design or planning stage.
5. Prioritize hazards and control measures.
THE GOAL OF RISK ASSESSMENT

The aim of the risk assessment process is to remove a hazard or reduce the
level of its risk by adding precautions or control measures, as necessary.
By doing so, you have created a safer and healthier workplace.
RISK ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE

1. A competent team of individuals who have a good working knowledge of

the workplace should do assessments.
2. Staff should be involved always include supervisors and workers who
work with the process under review as they are the most familiar with the
operation.
In general, to do an assessment, you should:

1. Identify hazards.
2. Evaluate the likelihood of an injury or illness occurring, and its severity.
3. Consider normal operational situations as well as non-standard events
such as shutdowns, power outages, emergencies, etc.
4. Review all available health and safety information about the hazard such
as material safety data sheets (MSDSs), manufacturer’s literature,
information from reputable organizations, results of testing, etc.
5. Identify actions necessary to eliminate or control the risk.
6. Monitor and evaluate to confirm the risk is controlled.
7. Keep any documentation or records that may be necessary.
Documentation may include detailing the process used to assess the
risk, outlining any evaluations, or detailing how conclusions were made.
When doing an assessment, you must take into account:

 The methods and procedures used in the processing, use, handling or
storage of the substance, etc.
 The actual and the potential exposure of workers.
 The measures and procedures necessary to control such exposure by
means of engineering controls, work practices, and hygiene practices
and facilities.
By determining the level of risk associated with the hazard, the employer and
the joint health and safety committee can decide whether a control program is
required.
NOTE:
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230
It is important to remember that the assessment must take into account not only
the current state of the workplace but any potential situations as well.
HOW ARE THE HAZARDS IDENTIFIED?

Overall, the goal is to find and record possible hazards that may be present in
your workplace. As mentioned, it may help to work as a team and include both
people familiar with the work area, as well as people who are not this way you
have both the "experienced" and "fresh" eye to conduct the inspection.To be
sure that all hazards are found:
1. Look at all aspects of the work.
2. Include non-routine activities such as maintenance, repair, or cleaning.
3. Look at accident / incident / near-miss records.
4. Include people who work "off-site" either at home, on other job sites,
drivers, teleworkers, with clients, etc.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
5. Look at the way the work is organized or "done" (include experience and
age of people doing the work, systems being used, etc.).
6. Look at the expected unusual conditions (for example: possible impact
on hazard control procedures that may be unavailable in an emergency,
power outage, etc.).
7. Examine risks to visitors or the public.
8. Include an assessment of groups that may have a different level of risk
such as young or inexperienced workers, persons with disabilities,
HAZARD'S LEVEL OF RISK

Each hazard should be studied to determine its' level of risk. To research the
hazard, you can look at:
1. Product information / manufacturer documentation.
2. Past experience (workers, etc.).
TARGET COMPETENCIES
3. Legislated requirements and/or applicable standards.
4. Industry codes of practice / best practices.
5. Health and safety material about the hazard such as material safety data
sheets (MSDSs), or other manufacturer information.
6. Information from reputable organizations.
7. Results of testing (atmospheric, air sampling of workplace, biological,
etc.).
8. The expertise of an occupational health and safety professional.
9. Information about previous injuries, illnesses, "near misses",
accident reports, etc.
Remember to include factors that contribute to the level of risk such as:
NOTE:
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.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
231
1. The work environment (layout, condition, etc.).
2. The capability, skill, experience of workers who do the work.
3. The systems of work being used.
4. The range of foreseeable conditions.
RANKING OR PRIORITIZING THE RISKS

Ranking or prioritizing hazards is one way to help determine which hazard is
the most serious and thus which hazard to control first. Priority is usually
established by taking into account the employee exposure and the potential for
accident, injury or illness. By assigning a priority to the hazards, you are creating
a ranking or an action list. The following factors play an important role:
1. Percentage of workforce exposed.

2. Frequency of exposure.
3. Degree of harm likely to result from the exposure.
4. Probability of occurrence.
There is no one simple or single way to determine the level of risk. Ranking
hazards requires the knowledge of the workplace activities, urgency of
situations, and most importantly, objective judgment.
DEFINITIONS FOR LIKELIHOOD OF HARM
VERY LIKELY
Typically experienced at least once every six months by an individual.
LIKELY
Typically experienced once every five years by an individual.
UNLIKELY
Typically experienced once during the working lifetime of an individual.
VERY UNLIKELY
Less than 1% chance of being experienced by an individual during their working
lifetime.
NOTE:
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232
DEFINITIONS FOR SEVERITY OF HARM
When establishing potential severity of harm, information about the relevant
work activity should be considered, together with:
1. Part(s) of the body likely to be affected.
2. Nature of the harm, ranging from slight to extremely harmful:
 Slightly Harmful (e.g., superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises;
eye irritation from dust; nuisance and irritation; ill health leading to
temporary discomfort …).
 Harmful (e.g., lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minor
fractures; deafness; dermatitis; asthma; ….).
 Extremely Harmful (e.g., suffocation, electrocution, amputations;
major fractures; poisonings; multiple injuries; fatal injuries;
occupational cancer; …).
DEFINITION FOR RISK LEVEL
SPECIFIC SAFETY
Tolerability Guidance on necessary action and timescale.
VERY LOW
These risks are considered acceptable. No further action is necessary other
than to ensure that the controls are maintained.
LOW
No additional controls are required unless they can be implemented at very low
cost (in terms of time, money, and effort). Actions to further reduce these risks
are assigned low priority. Arrangements should be made to ensure that the
controls are maintained.
MEDIUM
Consideration should be as to whether the risks can be lowered, where TARGET COMPETENCIES
applicable, to a tolerable level and preferably to an acceptable level, but the
costs of additional risk reduction measures should be taken into account. The
risk reduction measures should be implemented within a defined period.
Arrangements should be made to ensure that controls are maintained,
particularly if the risk levels area associated with harmful consequences.
HIGH
Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Risk reduction measures
should be implemented urgently within a defined period and it might be
necessary to consider suspending or restricting the activity, or to apply interim
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
233
risk control measures, until this has been completed. Considerable resources
might have to be allocated to additional control measures. Arrangements should
be made to ensure that controls are maintained, particularly if the risk levels are
associated with extremely harmful consequences and very harmful
consequences.
VERY HIGH
These risks are unacceptable. Substantial improvements in risk control
measures are necessary so that the risk is reduced to a tolerable or acceptable
level. The work activity should be halted until risk controls are implemented that
reduces the risk so that it is no longer very high. If it is not possible to reduce
the risk, the work should remain prohibited.
NOTE
Where the risk is associated with extremely harmful consequences,
further assessment is necessary to increase confidence in the likelihood
of harm.
METHODS OF HAZARD CONTROL

Once you have established your top priorities, you can decide on ways to control
each specific hazard. Hazard control methods are often grouped into the
following categories:
1. Elimination (including substitution).
2. Engineering controls.
3. Administrative controls.
4. Personal protective equipment.
REVIEWING AND MONITORING YOUR ASSESSMENT

It is important to know if your risk assessment was complete and accurate. It is
also essential to be sure, that changes in the workplace have not introduced
new hazards or changed hazards that were once ranked as lower priority to a
higher priority.
It is good practice to review your assessment on a regular basis to be sure that

nothing has changed and that your control methods are effective. Triggers for a
review can also include:
1. The start of a new project.
2. A change in the work process or flow.
3. A change or addition to tools, equipment, machinery (including locations
or the way they are used).
NOTE:
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……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
234
4. New employees.
5. Moving to a new building or work area.
6. Introduction of new chemicals or substances.
7. When new information becomes available about a current product.
APPLICATION IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

A safe work environment is not enough to control all electrical hazards. You
must also work safely. Safe work practices help you control your risk of injury
or death from workplace hazards. If you are working on electrical circuits or with
electrical tools and equipment, you need to use safe work practices.
Before you begin a task, ask yourself:
1. What could go wrong?
2. Do I have the knowledge, tools, and experience to do this work safely?
All workers should be very familiar with the safety procedures for their jobs.
SPECIFIC SAFETY
You must know how to use specific controls that help keep you safe.
You must also use good judgment and common sense.
CONTROL ELECTRICAL HAZARDS THROUGH SAFE WORK

PRACTICES
1. Plan your work and plan for safety.
2. Avoid wet working conditions and other dangers.
3. Avoid overhead power lines.
4. Use proper wiring and connectors.
5. Use and maintain tools properly.
6. Wear correct PPE.
PLAN YOUR WORK AND PLAN FOR SAFETY

Take time to plan your work, by yourself and with others. Safety planning is an
important part of any task. It takes effort to recognize, evaluate, and control TARGET COMPETENCIES
hazards.
If you are thinking about your work tasks or about what others think of you, it is
hard to take the time to plan for safety. But, YOU MUST PLAN.
Planning with others is especially helpful. It allows you to coordinate your work
and take advantage of what others know about identifying and controlling
hazards.
The following is a list of some things to think about as you plan:
1. Work with a “buddy”—do not work alone. Both of you should be trained
in CPR. Both of you must know what to do in an emergency.
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
235
2. Know how to shut off and de-energize circuits you must find where circuit
breakers, fuses, and switches are located. Then, the circuits that you will
be working on (even low-voltage circuits) MUST BE TURNED OFF! Test
the circuits before beginning work to make sure they are completely de-
energized.
3. Plan to lock out and tag out circuits and equipment make certain all
energy sources are locked out and tagged out before performing any
work on an electrical circuit or electrical device. Working on energized
(“hot”) circuits is one of the most dangerous things any worker could do.
4. Before ANY work is done on a circuit, shut off the circuit, lock out and tag
out the circuit at the distribution panel, then test the circuit to make sure
it is de-energized.
FIG. 11.7 Lock Out and Tag Out Circuits and Equipment
5. Before ANY equipment inspections or repairs - even on so-called low-
voltage circuits - the current must be turned off at the switch box, and the
switch must be padlocked in the OFF position. At the same time, the
equipment must be securely tagged to warn everyone that work is being
performed. Again, test circuits and equipment to ensure they are de-
energized.
6. No two locks should be alike. Each key should fit only one lock, and only
one key should be issued to each worker. If more than one worker is
working on a circuit or repairing a piece of equipment, each worker
should lock out the switch with his or her own lock and never permit
anyone else to remove it. At all times, you must be certain that you are
not exposing other workers to danger. Workers who perform lock-
out/tag-out must be trained and authorized to repair and maintain
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
236
electrical equipment. A locked-out switch or feeder panel prevents others
from turning on a circuit. The tag informs other workers of your action.
7. Remove jewelry and metal objects or apparel from your body before
beginning work. These things can cause burns if worn near high currents
and can be caught as you work.
8. Plan to avoid falls Injuries can result from falling off scaffolding or
ladders. Other workers may also be injured from equipment and debris
falling from scaffolding and ladders.
PREVENTING ACCIDENTAL ELECTRICAL CONTACT
SPECIFIC SAFETY
FIG. 11.8 Prevention from Electrocution
TARGET COMPETENCIES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
237
FIG. 11.9 Safety Rules
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
238
APPENDICES
239
240
APPENDIX (1) Team Wok Name Form (TWF)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
241
APPENDIX (2) Switching Program (SP) for
Contractor’s Work (LV)
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES, SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING PROCEDURES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
242
APPENDIX (3) MV Work Permit (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
243
APPENDIX (4) MV Work Permit (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
244
APPENDIX (5) Sanction For Testing (SFT) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
245
APPENDIX (6) Sanction For Testing (SFT) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
246
APPENDIX (7) Limitation of Access (LOA) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
247
APPENDIX (8) Limitation of Access (LOA) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
248
APPENDIX (9) Low Voltage Permit (LV PTW) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
249
APPENDIX (10) Low Voltage Permit (LV PTW) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
250
APPENDIX (11) Confined Space Entry Permit (CSEP)
(Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
251
APPENDIX (12) Confined Space Entry Permit (CSEP)
(Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
252
APPENDIX (13) Isolation & Earthing Request (IER) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
253
APPENDIX (14) Isolation & Earthing Request (IER) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
254
APPENDIX (15) Working At Heights (WAH) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
255
APPENDIX (16) Working At Heights (WAH) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
256
APPENDIX (17) Lifting Operating Permit (LOP) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
257
APPENDIX (18) Lifting Operating Permit (LOP) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
258
APPENDIX (19) Excavation Work Permit (EXC) (Front Side)
APPENDICES
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
.…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….…………….…….
259
APPENDIX (20) Excavation Work Permit (EXC) (Backside)
NOTE:
…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….………………….…
……….…………………………….…………………………….…………………………….……………………………….……………
260
DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES &
SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING
BOOK EDITION
PROCEDURE
Textbook
CONTRACTOR’S SHORT COURSE

CSCC04
DECEMBER 2022
TECHNICAL & HSSE COMPETENCIES AND CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT, CURRICULUM & DIGITAL LEARNING

DEPARTMENT
261

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DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES,

SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING

DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING PROCEDURE

LESSON DESCRIPTION PAGE

DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING ROCEDURE

Work on such equipment and networks is required Isolation (operational works)

DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES & SAFE ISOLATION & SWITCHING ROCEDURE

LESSON DESCRIPTION HRS.

 The job should be assigned to well-trained lifted technicians, especially

FIG.1.2 Personal Safety Clothing

Movement and Visibility When arc-rated clothing is worn to protect an

HEAD, FACE, NECK, AND CHIN (HEAD AREA) PROTECTION

FIG.1.4 Safety Helmet TARGET COMPETENCIES

FIG.1.5 Head Area Protection

FIG.1.6 Eye Protection

FIG.1.7 Eye Protection

HAND AND ARM PROTECTION

FIG.1.9 Leather Gloves

FIG.1.11 Leather & Rubber Gloves

Changes in Scope Employees shall be instructed to be alert for changes in the

CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND EQUIPMENT BEING

CONFINED OR ENCLOSED WORK SPACES

DOORS AND HINGED PANELS

OCCASIONAL USE OF FLAMMABLE MATERIALS

ROUTINE OPENING AND CLOSING OF CIRCUITS

RECLOSING CIRCUITS AFTER PROTECTIVE DEVICE

MAINTENANCE AND USE

Before first issue;

Before first issue;

Before first issue;

*ASTM: American society for Test and Materials

FIG.1.12 Electric Arc

FIG. 1.14 Personal Protective Equipment

NECESSARY PREPARATIONS BEFORE STARTING WORK

UPON ARRIVAL TO THE JOB SITE

FIG. 1.15 Single Line Diagram

STARTING THE WORK

FIG. 1.18 Safety Padlocks and Hold Tags

FIG. 1.20 Using Rubber Blankets

AFTER COMPLETION OF THE WORK

FIG. 1.21 All Tools Are In Their Original Place

FIG. 1.22 SF6 RMU

FIG. 1.23 Voltage Check SPECIFIC SAFETY

WHEN RETURNING TO THE OFFICE

BEFORE LEAVING THE OFFICE

3. You and your college/colleagues should work as a team, everyone

FIG. 1.25 Connecting Temporary Ground

FIG. 1.26 Hold Tag & Padlock

7. Make sure that all installed equipment is OK (conductors, jumpers,

FIG. 1.27 Earth Fault Indicator (EFI)

FIG. 1.28 Bucket Truck

FIG. 1.29 Wrong Practice

FIG. 1.30 Pole Climbing Equipment

you are in the bucket truck, Fig. 1.31.

FIG. 1.31 Using Hot Stick

4. Disconnect the grounds, remove padlocks, and hold tags.

It is an authorization documents to complete required tasks and actions in a

requirements and precautions that must be adhered to work on medium and

WORK PERMIT ISSUER

WORK PERMIT RECEIVER

MAIN GROUND OF THE EQUIPMENT/CIRCUIT

ground is considered one of the components of the circuit or equipment.

PROTECTIVE GROUND (TEMPORARY)

An approved mobile grounding tool is delivered after safety documents have

CSCC04 Distribution Safety Rules & Safe Isolation & Switching Procedure

CSCC04 Distribution Safety Rules & Safe Isolation & Switching Procedure