23-10-16

Magdy Ibrahim Mostafa

Prof. Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University
Director; Research, Biostatistics & IT Units, MEDC, Cairo University
Management member; EBM Unit, MEDC, Cairo University
Scientific Council Member, Egyptian Ob/Gyn Fellowship
Scientific Council Member, Egyptian IT Fellowship
Scientific Council Member, Arab Diploma of Biostatistics
Associate Editor; Kasr Al Aini Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Peer Reviewer; Obst. Gynecol., Gyn Endocrinol, Gyn Oncol, Obstet Gynecol Invest, Prenatal diagnosis J
Peer Reviewer; Cairo University Medical Journal, Kasr El Aini Medical Journal, MEFS Journal
Certified International Professional Trainer (CIPT), Management Development Institute, Missouri, USA

1
 23-10-16

Statistics for researchers

Role of researchers in statistics:

Data preparation

Requests preparation

Reading the statistical output

Interpretation of results

Presentation in proper way (tables, graphs and text)

Magdy Ibrahim

2
 23-10-16

Data
(results of observations)

Quantitative Qualitative

Magdy Ibrahim

Types of data

Quantitative data:

Depends on measuring the quantities

Numerically represented (age, length, weight, . . . .etc)

Have clearly and uniformly defined units

Qualitative (categorical) data:

Depend on describing the characteristics (sex, race, occupation, severity,
different types of scores)

Types:

Nominal (types)

Ordinal (grades)

Magdy Ibrahim

3
 23-10-16

Examples

Age Quantitative

Temperature Quantitative

Number of pregnancies Quantitative

Stages of colonic carcinoma Qualitative, ordinal

Types of sarcoma Qualitative, nominal

Magdy Ibrahim

Presentation Preparation

Interpretation Entry

Do statistics Validation

Magdy Ibrahim

4
 23-10-16

Data preparation

Sheets are not suitable for statistics because:

1. Sheets may contain non needed data

2. Sheets may contains data to be interpreted or

summarized first (e.g. pathology report)

3. Sheets may contain complex data that must be

separated first (e.g. clinical manifestation)

Magdy Ibrahim

5
 23-10-16

Data entry

Patient sheets  Master table

Master table  Each patient has one row of data

Include only needed data

Data in a statistically understandable form

Magdy Ibrahim

Data entry

Name: Ahmed Hasan Abdel-Latif

Hospital no: 125684

Date of admission: 22/4/2005

Age: 30 years

Sex: Male

Address: 13 El-Nadi st., Bulak, Giza

Smoking: Heavy smoker since 25ys-30cig/day

BMI: 23.5kg/m2

BSA: 1.89 m2

Complaint: Abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, Nausea and vomiting

Magdy Ibrahim

6
 23-10-16

Data entry

Name: Ahmed Hasan Abdel-Latif Not needed

Hospital no: 125684 Not needed

Date of admission: 22/4/2005 Not needed

Age: 30 years

Sex: Male

Address: 13 El-Nadi st., Bulak, Giza Urban/rural

Smoking: Heavy smoker since 25ys-30cig/day Yes/No

BMI: 23.5kg/m2

BSA: 1.89 m2

Complaint: Abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, Nausea and vomiting

Magdy Ibrahim

Data entry

No. Age Sex Residence Smok BMI BSA AP RB NV

1 30 M Urban Yes 23.5 1.89 Yes Yes Yes

Serial numbers (unique and permanent)

Single row labels

Abbreviations (key)

Coding (key)

Magdy Ibrahim

7
 23-10-16

Data entry
no. Age Age (years) Age (months)
1 26y 26 312
2 5m 0.42 5

no. Sex Sex

1 M 1
2 F 2

no. BP SBP DBP MBP

1 120/80 120 80 93.3

Magdy Ibrahim

Data entry
no. Diagnosis Diagnosis Severity Duration (months)
1 Mild HTN (2m) HTN Mild 2
2 ??TB
3 HCV+HBV
4 Yes
5 yes
6 YES
7 y
8 ………
9 ======
10 ??????
11 ,,,,,,,,,
Magdy Ibrahim

8
 23-10-16

Data entry
no. Time SBP SBP-5 min SBP-10 min SBP-20 min
1 5 min 133 133 129 130
1 10 min 129
1 20 min 130
2
2
2
3
3
3

Magdy Ibrahim

Date & time entry

Magdy Ibrahim

9
 23-10-16

Date & time entry

Magdy Ibrahim

Date & time entry

Magdy Ibrahim

10
 23-10-16

Date & time entry

Magdy Ibrahim

Data validation
Data errors:

1. Missing data

2. Spelling mistakes

3. Improper categories

4. Mixed/complex data

5. Non-sense entries

6. Inconsistent data

Magdy Ibrahim

11
 23-10-16

Requests preparation

Preparation of requests:

Data distribution:
 Normal/Not normal

Data description:
 For normal quantitative data
 For non normal/ordinal data
 For nominal data

95% CI

Magdy Ibrahim

Requests preparation
Preparation of requests:

Data analysis:
 Comparison:
 Quantitative/ordinal
 Nominal
 Correlation/Regression
 Univariate
 Multivariate
 Diagnostic accuracy
 Others

Magdy Ibrahim

12
 23-10-16

Magdy Ibrahim

13