World War 1 2.
Russia - The advancing German
- Started June 28, 1914. - after Civil War
Assassination: - It took 1 month for
- primary reason why Austria - Hungary to
World War 1 happened. proclaim a war.
a. Victims
- Archduke Francis July Ultimatum
Ferdinand (Austria) - sent to Baron Wladimir
- Wife Sophie Giesl von Gieslingen,
b. Assassinator former Austro -
- Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Hungarian minister, to
- Bosnian) Serbia.
c. Attempts - consists of 10 demands
- It took two (2) attempts that must be followed
to kill the heir. within 48 hours or else
d. Reason Austria - Hungary will
- Archduke went to attack Serbia.
Saravejo, Bosnia to visit - Serbia will follow all the
Austria- Hungary’s injured demands except for
soldiers. number 6 - to investigate
- Driver Leopold Lojka the Serbian Government.
made a wrong turn. - 40 days after the death
of Archduke, A-H began
Triple Alliance built by to attack Serbia.
Otto Von Bismarck
Germany
1. Germany - began to attack France
2. Italy (replaced by and Russia.
Turkey) - Asked Belgium to pass
3. Austria - Hungary through their country to
enter Paris.
Triple Entente - Belgium did not agree
on this so Germany also
1. Russia planned to attack
2. Great Britain Belgium.
3. France - Belgium is Great
4. Italy (joined) Britain’s responsibility
bc Belgium’s ports
Fact about Germany: contributed greatly to
- Influenced by Charles Great Britain’s trade and
Darwin’s theory - military ops.
Survival of the Fittest. - With this, Italy, former
Triple alliance, joined
Germany conquered: Triple Entente.
1. Lorraine and Alsace - Ottoman Empire
- Franco - Persian War (Turkey) then joined TA.
Soldiers were pushed
back by the TE’s soldiers
resulting in Germany
thinking on how to restore
the strength of their
forces.
- Alternative way for
Germany to attack and
control the ports of
English Channel to
control the entry of
supplies; failed in the
Battle of Ypres (October
19, 1914.) with 250,000
dead.
Trench Warfare
- type of fighting
equipment where both
sides dug deep trenches
to defend themselves
from artillery and machine
guns.
- brutal bc of the new
chemical warfare
equipment.
- The enemy controlled
Baltic Sea,
Mediterranean Sea, and
Black Sea.
Civil War in Russia
- a result of the
emergence of the
opposition against the
Bolsheviks after Nov.
1917.
- The Russia’s “Tsar” or
“Caesar” was replaced
and can no longer go to
war bc they lack proper
supply of foods, etc.
- United States replaced
Russia in Triple Entente
bc they were also
affected bc their ships
sunk during the war.
United States prior to Epidemic on the Home
WW1 Front
- strong tradition called - In 1918, an influenza
Isolationism. epidemic broke out.
- Germany began using - Nearly 675,000
u-boats as a weapon Americans had lost their
against Allied Powers. lives.
- May 1, 1915, Lusitania,
British luxury liner Paris Peace Conference
carrying over 1900 - January 12, 1919.
passengers were - Leaders from 32
torpedoed by a German countries including Big
u-boat, killing 1200 Four (Triple Entente)
people, including 128 - President Woodrow
Americans. Wilson
- March 24,1916, the - British Prime Minister
Sussex was torpedoed David Lloyd George.
once again by German - French Premier
u-boats. Georges Clemenceau
- US joined Allied Forces - Italian Prime Minister
April 6, 1917. Vittoro Orlando
Arriving in Europe Treaty of Versailles
- Americans that fought - Germany paying for
Europe were known as massive reparations for
the American damages caused during
Expeditionary Force the war.
(AEF) led by General - Germany was required
John J. Pershing. to pay an equivalent of 20
- Convoy System - troop billion gold marks (5
transport were billion dollars in gold,
surrounded by commodities, ships,
destroyers or cruisers. securities)
On the other side of the World War 2 prequel
world, Japan and - September 1, 1939 to
Portugal joined Triple September 2, 1945.
Entente, and have taken - biggest and deadliest
some parts of Germany. war in history, involving
more than 30 countries.
Turkey surrendered first.
A-H followed. Germany Treaty of Versailles
was late bc their leader - signed June 28, 1919
was deposed. - countries not in favor:
a. Germany
b. Japan
c. Italy
d. Countries in Asia
and Africa
e. League of Nation
Great Depression
(1929-1939)
- worldwide economic
downturn
- greatest and longest
economic recession in
modern world history.
- no work nor banks to
borrow money.
Fascism
- Political belief that says
an individual is less
important than the
nation.
- Ideology that considers
the gov’t is more
powerful than people.
- Requires the citizens’
complete loyalty and
service for their gov’t and
country.
Totalitarianism
- rule that exists in
countries that believe in
fascism.
- a system where gov’t
has complete control
over aspects of people’s
lives.
3 Dictators of WW2
1. Adolf Hitler of
Germany
2. Benito Mussolini of
Italy
3. Josef Stalin of USSR
Adolf Hitler
- gained power and
authority in 1933 as
Chancellor of Germany.
- was called “Fuhrer”
during his rule.
- hated the jews
- blames the jews for their
defeat in WW1.
- the propaganda and
hate of the Germans was
the main reason why
holocaust existed.
Holocaust
- systematic
state-sponsored killing of
six billion Jewish people
and millions of others by
Nazi Germany and its
collaborators during
WW1.
- genocide of European
Jews during WW1.
- approximately 44,000
concentration camps.
- Jews were
disenfranchised of their
rights.
- Jews’ properties were
confiscated.
- Jews were deported to
the “Ghetto” - area
surrounded by stone
walls and barbed wire to
prevent Jews from
interacting with the
Germans.
- Jews were enslaved
and gradually killed by
deliberate starvation and
neglect.
Final Solution
- Policy intended that
Jews would be killed
wherever and whenever
they were.
- A large percentage of Italy in WW2
Jews were sent to - Italo-Ethiopian War
extermination camps - In 1935, Italy conquered
where they were Abyssinia Empire (former
murdered using gas force of Ethiopia)
chambers and poisoned
by the “cyanide”. Germany in WW2
- Cyanide is a rapidly - 1936, Germany
acting, potentially deadly conquered Rhineland
chemical that interferes (former part of France)
with the body’s ability to - 1938, conquered
use oxygen. Czechoslovakia.
- biggest concentration
camp is the Auschwitz Despite the disturbances,
Concentration Camp in Great Britain and France
Poland. remained silent on the
- 6 billion people were violation of Germany,
killed in holocaust. Italy, and Japan.
Japan in WW2 Munich Conference
- one of those affected by - GB, Germany, Italy, and
the GD. Japan’s economy France talked at the MC,
decline was made even Sept. 29,1938.
worse by their “lack of - Germany promised not
resources” to support its to occupy more lands.
large population. - GB and France made
- Due to economic agreement with the
depression, Japan had to USSR (Union of Soviet
obtain natural resources Socialist Republics)
from their conquered
countries. German-Soviet
- In 1931, Japan occupied Non-Aggression Pact or
Manchuria, China. Molotov-Ribbentrop
- Due to loss of authority Pact
of the League of Nations, - Germany and USSR
the dictators Hitler and made secret agreement,
Mussolini had the Aug. 23-24, 1939.
confidence to conquer - Agreement was to
lands. promise not to declare
- 1937, Japan conquered war on each other.
Beijing and Nanjing of - Germany promised to
China, called “Massacre give land to USSR.
of Nanjing”.
Germany did not fulfill its
agreement to not conquer
someone’s land or
territory.
Start of WW2 Battle of Stalingrad - said they were not real
- real turning point for the conquerors, just
Germany AP to weaken and not the liberating Asian
- Sept. 1, 1939, attacked American’s D-day. countries from European
Danzig, a city in Poland. and American
- Blitzkrieg or the Operation Sea Lion Imperialism.
Lightning War - modern - September 1940, OSL - USA was the biggest
method of Germany, happened. obstacle to the Japanese
airforce, infantry, tanks, - code name for plan, so the JP
and artillery attack Germany’s planned treacherously attacked
simultaneously. invasion of GB through the American base in
- April 9, 1940, conquered the English Channel. Hawaii.
Denmark and Norway, - April 6, 1941, Germany - Dec. 7, 1941, Pearl
though Denmark only attacked Yugoslavia and Harbor was attacked,
lasted 4 hours in war. Greece, allies of GB in resulting to USA
- May 10, 1940, the Mediterranean Sea. declaring war against JP
conquered Netherlands, on Dec. 8, 1941.
Belgium, and Operation Barbarossa
Luxembourg. - June 22, 1941, OB - Hitler declared war
- June 22, 1940, France happened. against USA since
surrendered after - Germany’s invasion of Germany was an ally of
capturing Paris. Soviet Union. JP.
- April 6, 1941, Germany - Germany broke the pact
attacked Yugoslavia and with the USSR with 3 Arcadia Conference
Greece, allies of GB in million soldiers, 3,000 - First Washington
the Mediterranean Sea. tanks, 7,000 artillery Conference, held in
- May 1941, Germany’s pieces, and 2,500 Washington, District of
relentless victory ended. planes. Columbia, on Dec. 22,
- Failed to defeat the 1941.
royal airforce of GB. GB and France declared - It was this consultative
- Hitler abandoned OSL war against Germany on body of top military
after they lost 2,000 Sept. 3, 1939. leaders that would refine
planes. the Allied military strategy
- January 1942, failed to June 1940, Italy joined and approve all
capture Moscow, Russia Axis Powers significant military
due to very brave decisions for the duration
defense and cold 1941, Bugaria, Romania, of conflict.
climate of Russia. and Hungary joined Axis - Attended by Winston
- February 1943, conflict Powers. Churchill of GB and
ended in the “Battle of Franklin G. Roosevelt of
Stalingrad” between WW2 in Asia Pacific the USA.
Germany and USSR. - They decided
- 8,000,000 soldiers of Japan “Germany first” or
the AP were dead and - busy expanding territory Germany will be
wounded. with the propaganda of bombarded first before
- 1,100,000 soldiers were the “Greater East-Asia JP.
from USSR. Co-Prosperity Sphere”
- In the end of 1941 and May 8, 1945, Germany Leap Hopping
early 1942, the victory made an unconditional - aka Island hopping
was now with the Allied surrender, which was - amphibious military
Powers. accepted by the Allied strategy employed by the
- June 1941, AF led by Forces. allies in the Pacific War.
General Bernard - Germany surrendered
Montgomery defeated as their dictator died. Battle of Leyte Gulf
and drove the Afrika - Oct. 23-26, 1944
Korps of Germany into War in the Continent of - largest naval battle of
North Africa. Europe ended!!!!!!!! World War II and by some
Jusko buti naman!!!!! criteria the largest naval
Afrika Korps battle in history, with
- German expeditionary WW2 in Asia Pacific over 200,000 naval
force in Africa during personnel involved.
North African Campaign Fall of Bataan - Americans returned to
of WW2. - April 1942, Fil-Am the Philippines led by
forces surrendered in General Douglas
September 1943, Italy what we call Fall of MacArthur.
surrendered to the AP Bataan.
- Signaled the end of any Battle of Okinawa
Operation Overload organized resistance by - April to June 1945
- June 6, 1944, the OO or AF in the Asia Pacific. - for the Americans, this
the D-day happened. - April 9, 1942, Battle of was too violent and
- The Allied Forces Bataan ended when US harsh.
conducted one of the Gen. Edward P. King - Over 100,000 civilians
largest amphibious surrendered to JP Gen. or as much as one-third
assaults- the D-Day or Masaharu Homma. of the pre-war population
the Normandy died during the battle.
Landings. Battle of Midway - 49,000 American
- AF continuously - June 1942, BM casualties, including
liberated France, happened. about 12,000 deaths.
Belgium, Netherlands, - Americans defeated JP
and Luxemborg, was also at midway where 4 JP Operation Downfall
called the Liberation of aircraft carriers were - Casualties will be much
Western Europe. sunk. These are: worse than Okinawa if
- Akagi they invade Japan.
Dec. 1944, German - Kaga - proposed Allied plan
Counter Offensive failed - Sorya for the invasion of the
in the Battle of the - Hiryu Japanese home islands
Bulge. near the end of World
Battle of Guadalcanal War II.
April 1945, Soviet Forces - Ended Feb. 1943.
reached Berlin, Germany. - Signaled the beginning
of “island hopping
April 30, 1945, Hitler campaign”.
committed suicide with
his wife, Eva Braun.
New Weapon of
America: Atomic Bomb
- USA’s innovative
weapon
- Hiroshima Bombing,
Aug. 6, 1945. First bomb
dropped; more civilians
died than soldiers.
- Nagasaki Bombing,
Aug. 9, 1945. Second
bomb to drop.
Aug. 9, 1945, Soviet
Union conquered
Manchuria, China and
Korea that was formerly
conquered by the JP.
Sept. 2, 1945, JP formally
surrendered in the ship of
Missouri headed by Gen.
Douglas MacArthur.
WAR ENDED!!!!!!!
Yalta Conference or
Potsdam Conference
- the Big Three (GB, US,
Soviet Union) agreed that
after Germany's
unconditional surrender, it
would be divided into
post-war occupation
zones, controlled by
U.S., British, French and
Soviet military forces. The
city of Berlin would also
be divided into similar
occupation zones.
- Germany will be
demilitarized.
War Reparations
- Germany, Japan, and
Italy will pay for war
damages.
Second World War has
an estimated 75-80
million deaths, 40 million
are civilians.
USSR - 24 million deaths
China - 20 million deaths
That’s 3% of world
population.
Trial in Nuremberg
- All high-ranking Nazi
Germany were tried and
investigated.
- 12/22 generals were
hanged.
- Goring committed
suicide by ingesting
cyanide the night before
his execution.
Trial in Tokyo
- JP military leaders were
also tried and
investigated for violating
human rights.
- 7 generals were
hanged including Prime
Minister Hideki Tojo.
League of Nations was
dissolved bc it was
ineffective and later on
founded United Nations,
an organization of nations
with a common goal -
peace.