Butuan Doctor’s College

J.C. Aquino Avenue,

Butuan City
Department of Nursing

Administrative Information System

To compete in the ever-changing healthcare arena, organizations require
quick and immediate access to a variety of types of
1. Information
2. Data
3. Bodies of knowledge for daily clinical
4. Operational
5. Financial
6. Human resource activities
Information is continuously shared between units and departments within
healthcare organizations and is also required or requested from other healthcare
organizations, regulatory and government agencies, educational and
philanthropic institutions, and consumers.
Organizations need interoperable systems that are accessible for data
storage and retrieval.
Six important elements of health care that may explain the lag in the
development and implementation of ISs
1. The stakes are life and death.
2. Healthcare information is highly personal.
3. Health care is highly influenced by regulation and competition.
4. Health care is professionally driven and hierarchical.
5. Health care is multidisciplinary.
6. Healthcare information system implementation is complex, with
important implications for learning and adaptation. (pp. 420-423)
Healthcare organizations integrate a variety of clinical and administrative
types of information systems (ISs).
1. Collect
2. Process
3. Distribute patient-centered data to aid in managing and providing care
Principles of Interoperability
It is important to realize that ISs of some type or another have been in use
in healthcare facilities for quite a while. Unfortunately, some of these early
systems (sometimes referred to as legacy systems) created data silos; that is,
the data and information central to that system remained in that system and
could not easily be shared with other systems.
Interoperability
Interoperability is defined as the "ability of a system or a product to work
with other systems or products without special effort on the part of the customer.
Interoperability is made possible by the implementation of standards"
(IEEE Standards University, 2016).
Goals of National Road Map Emphasis on Interoperability (ONC, 2015, p.
vii)
1. Achieve nationwide interoperability to enable a learning health
system
2. With the person at the center of a system that can continuously
improve care
3. Public health
4. Science through real-time data access
Four types of health information technology (IT) interoperability
Foundational
Foundational interoperability defines the requirements necessary between
systems to communicate data.
Functional Interoperability in Practice
Imagine a joint replacement patient transitioning from an acute care
facility to a rehabilitation center. Sending a discharge summary in PDF format,
which is easily readable and understood by the receiving staff, exemplifies
functional interoperability.
Even a staff assistant can seamlessly integrate the summary into the
rehabilitation facility's electronic record system.
 Structural
Structural interoperability defines syntax and format to facilitate data
exchange.
Structural Interoperability and Data Exchange Standards in
practice
By adhering to Health Level 7 standards and collecting standardized
minimum data, systems can achieve structural interoperability.
This enables certain data fields from one facility to automatically
populate into corresponding fields in another system, streamlining data exchange
processes.

Semantic
Semantic interoperability is more complex and refers to consistency of
clinical terminology and shared meanings.
Semantic Interoperability in practice
True semantic interoperability necessitates shared standardized
terminologies across systems.
This ensures that disparate systems can communicate effectively,
facilitating machine-to-machine data exchange. Mapping disparate terminologies
is vital for systems to comprehend and interpret data accurately.

Organizational
Organizational interoperability refers to shared trust and consistency of
policies and social and legal meanings to facilitate seamless workflows between
organizations.
Organizational Interoperability in practice
Successful organizational interoperability rests on consistent
representation of electronic health information across stakeholders and systems.
While user interfaces may vary, the format of shared electronic health information
must remain consistent and machine-readable.
 This ensures the integrity and meaning of data are preserved as it
traverses diverse systems.

Types of Healthcare Organization Information Systems

Case Management Information systems
Case management information systems identify resources, patterns,
and variances in care to prevent costly complications related to chronic
conditions and to enhance the overall outcomes for patients with chronic illness.
These systems scan past episodes of treatment and search for
trends among the records. Once a trend is identified, case management systems
provide decision support that promotes preventive care.
Care plans are a common tool found in case management systems.
A care plan is an evidence-based set of care guidelines that outline the course of
treatment and the recommended interventions that should be implemented to
achieve optimal results.
Case management information systems are especially beneficial for
patient populations with a high cost of care and complex health needs, such as
the elderly or patients with chronic disease conditions. Avoiding complications
requires identifying the right resources for care and implementing preventive
treatments across all medical visits. The more information that can be shared
among all types of providers, the more care planning and decision-making can
be coordinated, consistent, and safe.
Benefit of Case Management Information System
1. Helps to reduce risks
2. Ensure quality
3. Decrease costs
Communication Systems
Communication systems promote interaction among healthcare providers
and between providers and patients and are designed to be HIPAA compliant.
Such systems have historically been kept separate from other types of health ISs
and from one another.
Examples of communication systems
 Call light systems
  Wireless telephones
 Pagers
 Email
 Instant messaging
Patients can now access their electronic charts from home, updating their
medical records and communicating changes in their health to their physicians.
In hospital settings, patients receive personalized messages regarding scheduled
tests, procedures, and meal options directly to their rooms. These systems also
deliver educational messages like smoking cessation advice.
Integrating communication systems with clinical applications facilitates
real-time interactions among healthcare teams, patients, and families, enhancing
overall care delivery. As healthcare evolves, the importance of seamlessly
integrating communication tools with other systems is increasingly recognized,
promoting efficient information flow and improving patient-centered care.
(Przybylo et al., 2014).
Research from 2010 highlighted the economic impact of communication
inefficiencies in U.S. hospitals, emphasizing the crucial role of communication
technologies in patient-centered care. Modern techniques, such as surgical
tracking boards and HIPAA-compliant instant messaging systems for surgical
progress updates, alleviate patient and family anxieties and enhance satisfaction
levels.