1.

To what extent is secondary socialisation more influential than primary socialisation for an
individual?

FOR – ARGUMENTS:
SCHOOL - HIDDEN CURRICULUM – NORMS AND VALUES
WORKPLACE – SOCIAL CONTROL – REWARDS AND SANCTIONS – RULES &
REGULATIONS
PEER GROUPS – OSTRACISM – PEER PRESSURE – NEED TO BELONG – FEAR OF
REJECTION
MEDIA - PROPAGANDA, ROLE MODEL - GOOD / BAD BEHAVIOURS
(THEORY – HYPODERMIC SYRINGE MODEL)
RELIGION – NORMS AND VALUES – EXPECTED BEHAVIOURS – REWARDS AND
PUNISHMENTS - EXAMPLE – HEAVEN / HELL
AGAINST - COUNTER ARGUMENTS
FAMILY -
FERAL CHILDREN – GENIE –
FUNCTIONALISTS THEORY – REG OF SEXUAL BEH –
FAMILY – PERSONAL IDENTITY / STATUS / GENDER IDENTITY / CULTURAL IDENTITY
NORMS / VALUES – INITIALLY LEARNT ONLY FROM FAMILY

To what extent is role conflict more of a problem in modern industrial societies than in the past?
INTRO – ROLE CONFLICT – WHEN THERE ARE 2 / MORE ROLES WHICH CLASHES WITH
EACH OTHERS
FOR – ARUGMENTS

 URBANISATION – ROLES MORE COMPLEX – MIS BUT IN PRE-INDUSTRIAL

TIMES – ROLES SIMILAR
 DUAL / TRIPLE BURDEN - WOMEN WORK AND CARE OF CHILDREN
 DUAL WORKER FAMILY – CHILD CENTEREDNESS
 FEMINISM THEORY -
COUNTER ARGUMENTS – AGAINST

 DINK FAMILY
 SYMMETRICAL ROLES
 OTHER INSTITUTIONS - Interpretivism - individuals can choose to ignore the
expectations of some roles e.g. allow state to care for elderly parents;
 To what extent has globalisation created a global culture? [15]

- For – globalization created global culture

 Tourism – increased interaction – leading to global culture

 Food - cuisines available everywhere across – koraen being in UAE, Mc Donalds,
new cuisines
 Politics – Economic and Political institutions – to foster values and prosperity –
Example – World Bank, United Nations
 Clothing – Jeans – T-shirts – Significance of globalisation
 Media – people can consume media programs all around the world. Pluralism
 Sports – Olympic Games – World Cup – football
Against – globalization didn’t lead to global culture

 Westernization – not really globalization that is taking place

 North Korea, China, Iran – restriction of global culture
 Ethnic Minority / Digital divide –

To what extent does functionalism offer the best explanation of why individuals join youth sub-
cultures?
For – functionalist – positive views of joining sub-cultures

 Safety valve – to manage their adolescence

 Develop – Identity / Status through Autonomy and independence.
 Alternative opportunities – to gain status and respect (achieved status)
 Way of transitioning from childhood to adulthood
 Roads are blocked for their success – this is way for channelize / meet their needs and
goals
Against – neg aspects of sub-culture

 Marxism – resistance – against capitalism

 Media – rebellious –
 It leads to higher crime rates – dysfunction & destabilizes society
 Education – affected – drop of learning
 Eg . skinheads – decline of manufacturing – protect – working class identity.