FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS & INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

---------***---------

RESEARCH PAPER
VIETNAM'S BOVINE MEAT IMPORT MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
EUROPEAN -VIETNAM FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
Topic : International Trade Policy
Credit Class : TMAE301(23-24)1.8
Instructor : Ph.D Vu Huyen Phuong
Group : 9

No. Full Name Student ID

1 Lê Xuân Bách 2213150030
2 Trần Nguyễn Tuấn Bách 2213530008
3 Lê Anh Minh 2213530028
4 Trương Nhật Minh 2213530029
5 Lê Phạm Thùy Trang 2212550071

Hanoi, November 2023

 WORK ASSIGMENTS

No. Name Student ID Assigned tasks Evaluation

- Introduction
1 Trần Nguyễn Tuấn Bách 2213530008 10/10
- Overview of EVFTA

- Vietnam bovine import

market before the EVFTA
2 Lê Phạm Thùy Trang 2212550071 agreement 10/10
- Vietnam bovine import
market after the EVFTA
agreement
- Some reviews, comment
3 Trương Nhật Minh 2213530029 on bovine imports from EU 10/10
to Vietnam
- Recommendations and
4 Lê Anh Minh (Leader) 2213530028 evaluation for Government 10/10
- Conclusion

- Recommendation and
5 Lê Xuân Bách 2213150030 10/10
evaluation for enterprises

2
 Vietnam's bovine meat import market in the context of The European -Vietnam Free
Trade Agreement
Bach X. Le, Bach N.T. Tran, Minh A. Le1, Minh N. Truong, Trang P.T. Le
School of Economics & International Business, Foreign Trade University
TMAE301(23-24)1.8: International Trade policy
Ph.D Vu Huyen Phuong
February 29, 2024

1
Corresponding author, Email: k61.2213530028@ftu.edu.vn
3
 TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 5

SECTION 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6

1.1. General Statements .......................................................................................................... 6

1.2. Literature review.............................................................................................................. 6
SECTION 2: Overview of EVFTA.......................................................................................... 7

2.1. General information ......................................................................................................... 7

2.2. Main content .................................................................................................................... 7
2.3. Commitments of Vietnam and the EU in the EVFTA on export of bovine meat ........... 7
SECTION 3: EVFTA and its impact on bovine export activities from the EU to Vietnam
.................................................................................................................................................... 8

3.1. Vietnam bovine import market before the EVFTA agreement ....................................... 8
3.2. Vietnam bovine import market after the EVFTA agreement ........................................ 10
3.3. Some reviews, comment on bovine imports from EU to Vietnam ................................ 12
3.3.1. Strength: ................................................................................................................. 12

3.3.2. Weakness: ............................................................................................................... 13

3.3.3. Opportunity: ........................................................................................................... 13

3.3.4. Threat: ..................................................................................................................... 13

SECTION 4: Evaluation and Recommendation .................................................................. 15

4.1. For Government ............................................................................................................. 15

4.1.1. Difficulty removing Bovine supply from the EU ................................................... 15

4.1.2. Promote sustainable development for the import of bovine from the EU .............. 15

4.2. For enterprises ............................................................................................................... 16

4.2.1. Evaluation: .............................................................................................................. 16

4.2.2. Recommendations: ................................................................................................. 16

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 18

Reference ................................................................................................................................. 19

4
 ABSTRACT
This research paper investigates the potential impacts of EVFTA on Vietnam’s
exportation. The authors applied Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage, Factor
Proportions Theory, and SWOT analysis to qualitatively measure the effects of the acts agreed
in EVFTA on some key Vietnam’s import from the EU market. The authors have found out that
in order to effectively take advantage of the incentives provided by the agreement, the
Government need to establish some solutions and motivate the enterprises and the enterprises
have to adapt and strengthen quality control measures. With the findings, the authors have some
recommendations for state authorities and domestic enterprises to encourage the key imports of
Vietnam.

5
 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. General Statements
In the international business environment, the Free Trade Agreement is a method to
encourage and create the motivation for developing some import and export activities of various
nations. Vietnam participates in 12 different free trade agreements (WTO and international
trade center, 2019), including ASEAN agreements and bilateral trade agreements with major
trading partners namely China, India, Japan, Korea. Recently, Vietnam ofcially signed some
“new- generation” free trade agreements, with a signicant tariff diminution and diverse
categories of goods such as The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific
Partnership (CPTPP) and European-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). The new-
generation agreements help nations to exploit and utilize the its strengths and resources, as well
as assure commerce between other countries in a transparency, freedom and effectiveness of
way.
1.2. Literature review
Vietnam has many underlying strengths in the manufacture of several agricultural
commodities, specically livestock sector produces bovine products to provide for the domestic
and international markets. However, Vietnam also take actions to import several bovine
products from many nations all over the world. According to the statistics of animal quarantine
agency in Department of Animal Health, Department of Agriculture, within the rst two months
in 2020, Vietnam imports 65.856 tons of meat, specically 12.459 tons of beef, 12.934 tons of
frozen buffalo meat from Europe, India, America, Korea and Brazil. The import tariff on meat
is a high tax rate from 21% to 30%. Regarding ECFTA, Vietnam is committed to remove import
tariff on bovine products after 3 years.. This would create an unparalleled impact on the
domestic bovine market and have a strong effect on major export bovine meat such as Europe,
India, China, America. Thus, the measure of potential impact of EVFTA on bovine meat is a
mandatory method to help researchers, businesses as well as the Vietnamese government in the
recognition of the inuence of Vietnamese livestock industry in the immediate future. This paper
is scheduled as overview of research, research methodology, results/ findings of research on the
potential impact of the European-Vietnam free trade agreement on Vietnam’s bovine meat
import and some recommendations for Vietnam of combating in the reduction of tariff on
bovine meat products imported from EU.

6
 SECTION 2: OVERVIEW OF EVFTA
2.1. General information
The Vietnam-EU Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) is a new generation FTA between
Vietnam and 27 EU member states. EVFTA, along with the Comprehensive and Progressive
Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), are the two FTAs with the widest scope of
commitments and the highest level of commitment of Vietnam to date.
On December 1, 2015, the EVFTA officially concluded negotiations, and on February 1,
2016, the text of the agreement was made public.
The EVFTA was signed on June 30, 2019, and entered into force on August 1, 2020.
2.2. Main content
The EVFTA is a comprehensive agreement that is expected to have a positive impact on
the economies of both the EU and Vietnam. It is expected to boost trade and investment, create
jobs, and raise living standards.
Elimination of tariffs: The EVFTA eliminates or reduces tariffs on over 99% of goods
traded between the EU and Vietnam. This will make it cheaper for businesses and consumers
to import and export goods.
Increased market access: The EVFTA will also open up new markets for businesses in
both the EU and Vietnam. For example, the agreement will make it easier for EU businesses to
sell services in Vietnam, and for Vietnamese businesses to sell goods in the EU.
Stronger investment protection: The EVFTA also includes provisions that will strengthen
investment protection between the EU and Vietnam. This will make it more attractive for
businesses to invest in each other's economies.
Promotion of sustainable development: The EVFTA also includes provisions that
promote sustainable development, such as by protecting the environment and labor rights.
2.3. Commitments of Vietnam and the EU in the EVFTA on export of bovine meat
According to the commitments in the EVFTA, for EU exports, Vietnam commits to
eliminating tariffs immediately upon the Agreement's entry into force for 48.5% of tariff lines
(accounting for 64.5% of import value). For the remaining 35.5%, the EU provides a list of
tariff quotas (TRQs) with a zero in-quota import tariff.
For the items of Carcasses and half-carcasses of bovine meat (basic tariff of 20%); Other
cuts with bone in of bovine meat (basic tariff of 20%); - Boneless of bovine meat (basic tariff
of 14%), the tariff will be reduced from the basic level to 0% after 3 years from the date the
agreement takes effect.
7
SECTION 3: EVFTA AND ITS IMPACT ON BOVINE EXPORT ACTIVITIES FROM
THE EU TO VIETNAM
3.1. Vietnam bovine import market before the EVFTA agreement
Before our government signed the EVFTA agreement, Vietnam spent more than 1
million USD to import beef from EU countries in 2017, representing less than 0.007% of the
entire amount we spent on importing beef from other countries worldwide. This ratio even
decreased slightly in 2018, when import turnover from EU countries accounted for only less
than 0.006% of Vietnam's global bovine imports.
In 2019, we signed the EVFTA agreement on June 30, and while it had not yet taken
effect, Vietnam observed a minor rise in the value of bovine product imports from the EU,
which amounted to 0,008% of Vietnam's overall spending on bovine imports. The specific
numbers are displayed in the table below.

Product Product label Viet Nam's imports from Viet Nam's imports from
code European Union (EU 27) world

Value Value Value Value in Value in Value in

in 2017 in 2018 in 2019 2017 2018 2019

020230 Frozen, boneless 1,052 1,340 2,652 164,290 217,970 316,978

meat of bovine
animals

020220 Frozen bovine cuts, 0 6 39 5,928 10,968 10,960

with bone in (excl.
carcases and half-
carcases)

020210 Frozen bovine 0 0 0 10 1 7

carcases and half-
carcases

8
 Total 1,052 1,346 2,691 170,218 228,938 327,945

Figure 1. Vietnam's import turnover of bovine products (0202) from the European
Union EU27, broken down by six-digit HS code from 2017 - 2019
(Unit: US thousand dollar)
Source: ITC calculations based on Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
statistics since January, 2022.
ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics until January, 2022.
During this time, Denmark, France, and the Netherlands are the top meat exporters from the
EU to Vietnam. In both 2017 and 2018, Denmark had the highest meat export turnover,
followed by France and the Netherlands. However, in 2019, Vietnam began importing bovine
meat from Spain, and it rapidly became the biggest exporter, earning about $2 million USD and
accounting for 70% of our bovine imports from EU countries.

Exporters Imported Imported Imported Imported Imported Imported

value in value in value in value in value in value in
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

World 170,228 228,939 327,944 425,362 523,577 760,893

European 1,052 1,346 2,691 3,707 13,889 12,844

Union (EU 27)
Aggregation

Spain 0 0 1,915 1,944 6,755 7,602

Denmark 842 780 574 1,318 6,731 5,197

Netherlands 0 28 91 15 21 45

9
France 210 538 111 430 382

Figure 2. List of supplying markets from European Union (EU 28) for Vietnamese
imports of bovine products between 2017 and 2022
(Unit: US thousand dollar)
Source: ITC calculations based on Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
statistics since January, 2022.
ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics until January, 2022.

3.2. Vietnam bovine import market after the EVFTA agreement

EVFTA has encouraged the import of commodities from the EU market to Vietnam since
it was signed and came into effect in August, 2020. As a result, bovine products have benefited
from several factors and experienced several growth milestones.

Product Product Viet Nam's imports from Viet Nam's imports from world
code label European Union (EU 27)

Value Value Value Value Value Value Value Value

in in in in in 2019 in 2020 in 2021 in 2022
2019 2020 2021 2022

020230 Frozen, 2,652 3,702 13,332 11,913 316,978 418,639 514,460 747,962
boneless
meat of
bovine
animals

020220 Frozen 39 4 557 932 10,960 6,644 8,770 12,931

bovine
cuts, with
bone in

10
 (excl.
carcases
and half-
carcases)

020210 Frozen 0 0 0 0 7 79 347 0

bovine
carcases
and half-
carcases

Total 2,691 3,707 13,889 12,844 327,945 425,362 523,577 760,893

Figure 3. Vietnam's import turnover of bovine products (0202) from the European
Union EU28, broken down by six-digit HS code from 2019 - 2022
(Unit: US thousand dollar)
Source: ITC calculations based on Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
statistics since January, 2022.
ITC calculations based on UN COMTRADE statistics until January, 2022.

According to Trademap data, Vietnam imported around 425,4 million USD worth of
bovine products in 2020, experiencing a nearly 30% increase over 2019. This figure continues
to climb dramatically in consecutive years, with each year seeing an increase of over $100
million USD in bovine imports. This trend can be explained by the increasing demand for
bovine products in particular. According to an OECD report from 2020, Vietnam consumes
approximately 9.75kg of bovine meat per person annually. Domestic beef and buffalo
production only meets 30% demand, with the remaining 70% exported from foreign
countries. Furthermore, Vietnamese consumers were getting more familiar with processed and
frozen bovine products, which led to greater consumption. As a result, Vietnam's bovine
product imports have surged dramatically since the EVFTA agreement went into effect.

11
 In 2020, Vietnam imported over 3.7 million USD in bovine meat from EU countries,
accounting for nearly 0.009% of Vietnam's global bovine imports. This increase is significant
given that the EVFTA only went into effect in August, and we are still dealing with the global
pandemic, COVID-19. But in 2021, we witnessed a notable uptick, with our imports of
bovine meat from the EU surpassing 14 million USD—more than three times the amount in
2020. This year, Vietnam's bovine imports from the EU accounted for 0.02% of Vietnam's
total bovine import spending, which is a considerable increase. In the next year, our bovine
imports from the EU decreased slightly to roughly 13 million USD, but they still accounted
for 0.017% of the nation’s overall bovine imports.
Looking at figure 2, even after the EVFTA agreement went into effect, Spain
remained our largest bovine export, accounting for more than half of Vietnam's annual bovine
imports from the EU. Denmark comes in second, France is third, and the Netherlands comes
in fourth. However, it is worth mentioning that the number of bovine imports in France has
decreased over time, and there is no data for Vietnam's bovine imports from France in 2022,
as shown in the figure.
So in general, since the EVFTA went into effect, Vietnam's import turnover of bovine
products from the EU has increased significantly in value. State agencies and enterprises need
to use this chance to capitalize on the benefits of continuing to increase the import value of
bovine products in the years ahead.
3.3. Some reviews, comment on bovine imports from EU to Vietnam
3.3.1. Strength:
After three years, the EVFTA goes into effect for frozen beef products imported into
Vietnam from Europe. Members of the agreement have reaped significant benefits from its
implementation. Because of tax breaks, exporters have a better chance of competing with
competitors from Australia, the United States, India, and other European countries in Vietnam's
crowded beef import market.
From the Vietnamese perspective,this is also an excellent step forward in diversifying
the supply of frozen beef for Vietnam's domestic market. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, many
restaurants have opened to serve customers, with a policy that promotes entertainment and
tourism. This creates a high demand for high-quality meat, particularly frozen meat, which can
be stored for an extended period of time and provides a consistent profit margin.
Vietnamese consumers can now purchase a wider range of frozen beef products, in
addition to the familiar beef. The quality and taste of frozen beef in Europe have been proven
to be exceptional due to reasonable breeding processes, particularly ensuring requirements for

12
breeding, feeding systems, slaughter technologies, and post-slaughter processes. Consumers
can be confident in their choice because frozen beef imported from Europe has passed numerous
food hygiene and safety tests, as well as requirements for origin identification such as TCVN
ISO 22000:2018, TCVN 13166-2:2020.
3.3.2. Weakness:
Importing frozen bovine meat at reasonable prices from a prestigious and strict market
with quality accreditation standards, such as the EU, is a beneficial move for Vietnam.
However, frozen meats in general must be stored and transported properly and quickly in order
to maintain their original quality. If there are any delays or errors in document preparation
(incorrect declaration of HS code, lack of necessary permits, etc.) and preservation, the quality
of frozen bovines will not be sufficient to meet the needs of both businesses and consumers.
It should also be noted that, because frozen meat is primarily sold in restaurants and
large supermarkets, frozen meat from bovine animals only reaches citizens living in urban areas
with a dense network of supermarkets and grocery stores. Frozen beef and imported frozen
products will be difficult to find in rural areas with a small supermarket system. As a result, the
Vietnamese side is also wasting the frozen product's development potential and inherent
advantages.
3.3.3. Opportunity:
In 2023, there are new opportunities for frozen bovine products from Europe. As a
result, these products will be less expensive and more competitive in Vietnam. This is a one-
of-a-kind opportunity for frozen bovine meat imported from the EU, which is in high demand
among Vietnamese consumers.
This is also an excellent opportunity for Vietnam to learn techniques for processing,
packaging, transportation, and preservation in this demanding market. From there, Vietnam will
develop its domestic processing industry to meet higher demands for domestic food services as
well as for export processes, as new policies on food safety and environmental protection
become more stringent, such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Agricultural
Practices (gap), Good Hygiene Practices (GHP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
(HACCP), and other advanced food safety management systems in the process of food
production.
3.3.4. Threat:
However, reducing tariffs on frozen meat of bovine animals also brings many challenges
for both sides.

13
 For Vietnam, once frozen meat of bovine animals from Europe has made appropriate
price adjustments, combined with the high quality of this item, the country's beef will
undoubtedly have a significant impact. Frozen beef cannot outperform fresh beef in every way.
To maintain its position in the hearts of Vietnamese consumers, the domestic livestock industry
must make positive changes to farming and processing.
According to Trademap data for 2022, Vietnam's main imports are frozen cows from India,
Canada, Australia, and the United States. Frozen beef imported from Australia, in particular, is
tax-free, according to the Agreement on the Establishment of the ASEAN-Australia-New
Zealand Free Trade Area for the Period of 2018-2022 issued in conjunction with the
Government's Decree No. 158/2017/ND-CP dated December 27, 2017. Imported EU frozen
cows must adapt (in terms of advertising, design, packaging, nutrient composition, etc.) and
adjust prices to meet the needs of Vietnamese consumers.

14
 SECTION 4: EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION
4.1. For Government
4.1.1. Difficulty removing Bovine supply from the EU
After the EVFTA Agreement was signed, promoting the import of frozen beef from EU
countries became an important task of the Vietnamese government to diversify the supply of
frozen beef.
In the immediate future, the Government needs to increase awareness and support
enterprises to import bovine products. Firstly, the Government needs to create a training
program for enterprises on regulations and opportunities in EVFTA and provide advice on
markets, import processes, and product quality. This creates new avenues for importing high
quality bovine products from the EU.
In order to create more conditions and easier opportunities for importers, the
Government needs to upgrade seaport infrastructure and storage facilities to ensure that frozen
beef is transported safely and quickly; in addition, simplify customs procedures to reduce
import time and costs.
4.1.2. Promote sustainable development for the import of bovine from the EU
Firstly, the government needs to show its responsibility in helping the bovine
industry gain advantages, meet standards and exploit the benefits of EVFTA.
The Government needs to acknowledge and further evaluate the role of EVFTA to
continue to review mechanisms and policies in accordance with the commitments in the
agreement. Propagating and establishing a network to share information with domestic
enterprises, support enterprises to improve product quality and build a brand for frozen beef
products in the Vietnamese market, in order to make the most of the benefits that EVFTA brings
as well as create conditions for interested parties to participate more deeply in this process.
Propose options related to promoting the increase of activities applied on digital technology
platforms, including trade promotion by expanding distribution channels and promoting
products through e-commerce; thereby increasing competitive advantages for bovine products
in the Vietnamese market.
Secondly, the Government needs to have monitoring and evaluation solutions:
The government should establish a monitoring system to monitor the effectiveness of
incentives, thereby assessing results and adjusting strategies over time. Thereby, adjusting in
15
the most appropriate way to the domestic and international situation and promoting those
optimal options.
It can be seen that the promotion of frozen beef imports from EU countries after the
EVFTA Agreement will help Vietnam access high-quality food supply and meet the increasing
demand of consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the above options.

4.2. For enterprises

4.2.1. Evaluation:
Quality of imported products: Vietnamese enterprises importing Bovine 0202 from the
EU should evaluate and ensure the quality of the imported products. It is important to verify
that the products meet the required standards and regulations set by the EU for food safety and
quality.
Compliance with import regulations: Vietnamese enterprises need to comply with the
import regulations and requirements imposed by the Vietnamese authorities. This includes
obtaining the necessary permits, certifications, and complying with customs procedures.
Supply chain management: Effective supply chain management is crucial for Vietnamese
enterprises importing Bovine 0202 from the EU. They should establish strong relationships
with reliable suppliers and ensure a smooth flow of goods from the EU to Vietnam, including
proper transportation, storage, and handling.
Knowledge of market demand: Vietnamese enterprises should have a good
understanding of the market demand for Bovine 0202 in Vietnam. This includes monitoring
consumer preferences, market trends, and competing products in order to meet the specific
needs of customers and stay competitive.
Pricing and competitiveness: Vietnamese enterprises need to carefully consider pricing
strategies to remain competitive in the market. They should assess the pricing of imported
Bovine 0202 from the EU, taking into account production costs, import duties, transportation
expenses, and market demand.

4.2.2. Recommendations:
Establish partnerships and collaborations: Vietnamese enterprises should consider
establishing partnerships or collaborations with reputable EU suppliers, importers, or
distributors. This can help ensure a stable and consistent supply of Bovine 0202 and facilitate
market entry in Vietnam.

16
 Strengthen quality control measures: It is essential for Vietnamese enterprises to
implement stringent quality control measures throughout the import process. Regular checks
and inspections should be conducted to verify the quality, freshness, and safety of the imported
products.
Stay informed about regulations and changes: Vietnamese enterprises should keep
themselves updated with the latest import regulations, requirements, and changes in both the
EU and Vietnamese markets. This will help them adapt their import strategies accordingly and
avoid potential compliance issues.
Enhance marketing and promotion efforts: Vietnamese enterprises should invest in
marketing and promotion activities to raise awareness about imported Bovine 0202 from the
EU. This can include educating consumers about the quality and safety standards of EU
products, participating in trade fairs, and leveraging digital marketing channels.
Collaborate with local stakeholders: Vietnamese enterprises can benefit from
collaborating with local stakeholders such as retailers, supermarkets, and restaurants to expand
their distribution networks and increase product visibility. Developing strong relationships with
these stakeholders can also help in understanding consumer preferences and adapting to market
demands.

17
 CONCLUSION
The article presents a research paper on the potential impacts of EVFTA on Vietnam’s
bovine meat import market. The authors apply various theories and methods to analyze the
effects of the agreement on the trade flows, prices, quality, and competitiveness of bovine meat
products from the EU and other countries. The main findings are:

• EVFTA will create more opportunities and challenges for Vietnam to import bovine
meat products from the EU, which have high quality and safety standards.
• EVFTA will also affect the domestic bovine meat industry, which needs to improve its
production and processing capacity to compete with imported products.
• The government and enterprises need to implement appropriate policies and strategies
to take advantage of the benefits and overcome the difficulties of EVFTA, such as
enhancing awareness, support, infrastructure, quality control, market research, and
collaboration.
From that the article provides some recommendations for the government and enterprises
to promote sustainable development for the import of bovine meat from the EU3. The article
also suggests some directions for future research on this topic.

18
 REFERENCE
Sen, A. (2022). Market Research: Frozen Bovine Meat Market in Vietnam. [online] IndBiz |
Economic Diplomacy Division. Available at: https://indbiz.gov.in/market-research-frozen-
bovine-meat-market-in-vietnam/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024].

Hoang. Thuế nhập khẩu thịt bò từ EU về 0% sau 3 năm EVFTA có hiệu lực. [online] Available
at: https://amp.baodautu.vn/thue-nhap-khau-thit-bo-tu-eu-ve-0-sau-3-nam-evfta-co-hieu-luc-
d116266.html [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024].

trungtamwto.vn. (n.d.). TTWTO VCCI - Cơ hội từ EVFTA đối với các sản phẩm thịt và chế
phẩm từ thịt của Đức. [online] Available at: https://trungtamwto.vn/thi-truong-duc/19510-co-
hoi-evfta-doi-voi-cac-san-pham-thit-va-che-pham-tu-thit-cua-duc [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024]

intracen.org. (n.d.). ITC. [online] Available at: https://intracen.org.

Viet, D. to D. (2023). Thủ tục nhập khẩu thịt đông lạnh. [online] Door to Door Việt.
Available at: https://doortodoorviet.com/thu-tuc-nhap-khau-thit-dong-lanh/#buoc-1-xin-giay-
phep-nhap-khau-tu-cuc-thu-y [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024].

nhachannuoi.vn. (n.d.). FTA Việt Nam - EU: Áp lực lớn cho doanh nghiệp khi thuế nhập khẩu
thịt, sữa từ EU về 0% - Tạp chí Chăn nuôi Việt Nam. [online] Available at:
https://nhachannuoi.vn/fta-viet-nam-eu-ap-luc-lon-cho-doanh-nghiep-khi-thue-nhap-khau-
thit-sua-tu-eu-ve-0/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024].

vcci.vn (n.d.). TTWTO VCCI - PVTM - Thịt bò nhập khẩu vẫn đang chiếm ưu thế tại thị
trường trong nước. [online] chongbanphagia.vn. Available at: https://chongbanphagia.vn/thit-
bo-nhap-khau-van-dang-chiem-uu-the-tai-thi-truong-trong-nuoc-n23052.html [Accessed 28
Feb. 2024].

VTV, B.D.T. (2023). Để ngành bò thịt cạnh tranh với thịt bò nhập khẩu. [online] BAO DIEN
TU VTV. Available at: https://vtv.vn/kinh-te/de-nganh-bo-thit-canh-tranh-voi-thit-bo-nhap-
khau-20231117124551541.htm [Accessed 28 Feb. 2024].

Khôi -, C. (2021). Thịt bò nhập khẩu vẫn đang chiếm ưu thế tại thị trường trong nước.
[online] Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới. Available at: https://vneconomy.vn/thit-bo-
nhap-khau-van-dang-chiem-uu-the-tai-thi-truong-trong-nuoc.htm.
19