Biology Class Summary Notes

The Cell:

● The fundamental unit of life.

● Two main types: prokaryotic (simple) and eukaryotic (complex).

● Eukaryotic cells have organelles that perform specific functions, like a

nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

● Cells use cell membranes for transport and communication.

Biomolecules:

● Organic molecules essential for life processes.

● Examples include carbohydrates (sugars and starches), proteins, lipids (fats),

and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

● Each biomolecule has a specific structure and function.

Genetics:

● DNA is the genetic material that carries instructions for building and

maintaining an organism.

● DNA replicates during cell division to pass traits to offspring.

● Genes are specific regions of DNA that code for proteins.

● RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Ecology:

● The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

● Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components.

● Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and food webs.

● Populations of organisms can grow, shrink, and adapt to environmental

changes.
Evolution:

● The gradual change in populations of living things over time.

● Charles Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.

● Organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce,

passing those traits on to future generations.

This is a very basic summary. Depending on the level of your biology class,

there could be much more to cover!

Here are some additional topics you might encounter in biology:

● Microbiology (study of microorganisms)

● Physiology (study of how organisms function)

● Anatomy (study of the structure of organisms)

● Botany (study of plants)

● Zoology (study of animals)

I hope this summary is helpful!