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· •1r�,., READING

READING 1 A Healthy Lifestyle Can Reduce Fatigue,

Boost Energy
You are going to read a newspaper article from The St. Petersburg Times that
considers why many people often feel tired and worn out. Use the article to
gather information and ideas for your Unit Assignment.

PREVIEW THE READING

A. 1Q;j4!)1Jn1 What makes people feel tired and worn out? Check(✓) what
you think are the three most common reasons. What else might take
away people's energy?
D lack of sleep D financial problems
D too much work D poor diet
D too much stress D too much TV and too many video games

B. Gt•nii%hH What types of things negatively affect people's energy

levels? Write for 5-10 minutes. When you are finished writing, take a
couple of minutes to read over your ideas and choose the ones that
would go together in the most unified way. Remember to use this
section for your Unit Assignment.

C. VOCABULARY Work with a partner to find these words in the reading.

Circle clues in the text that help you understand the meaning of each
word. Then use a dictionary to define any unknown words.

alleviate (v.) fatigue (n.) protein (n.)

carbohydrate (n.) hormone (n.) refined (adj.)
digest (v.) immune system (n.) restore (v.) /'
dilemma (n.) metabolism (n.) stamina (n.)

j' Oxford 3000'" words

iQr,WM!ilj D. Go online to listen and practice your pronunciation.

"'1111111� I Reading and Writing 227

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 8. Severe ____ _ _ _
_ can be caused by too much exercise or a poor
diet, resulting in the desire to sleep all the time.
9. Many adults face a _ _ _____ when they must choose whether
or not to take time away from work and family in order to exercise.

10. Stress can reduce the effectiveness of your _ ______ and make
it easier for you to become sick.
11. An area of the brain called the pineal gland produces a______ _
_
called melatonin that helps people get the right amount of sleep.

12. Soft drinks and candy bars often contain a lot of _ _ _ ___ _
sugar, which is not as healthy as the natural sugars in fruits.

iQr,>M@◄I C. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

D. Circle the answer that best completes each statement.

1. The main causes of low energy levels are - ·-

a. carbohydrate-rich foods and refined sugars
b. poor sleep, too much stress, and bad diet
c. a lack of concentration and depression
d. working too hard and not taking care of ourselves
2 People need good-quality, uninterrupted sleep in order to_.
a. help the body repair tissue and restore itself
b. digest their food efficiently
c. stop producing growth hormone
d. have enough energy to exercise

3. Stress and energy levels are related because _.

a. exercise helps to get rid of stress
b. some people suffer from adrenal fatigue
c. too much stress has negative physical effects on the body
d. cortisol is not produced sufficiently when the body is under stress

4. When you eat, how often you eat, and what you eat__ .
a. affect the glycemic index
b. are not important for digestion
c. are programmed into your DNA
d. have a major effect on your energy level

I Reading and Writing 231

-���
 E. Correct these false statements with information from Reading 1. Write
the number of the paragraph in which the correct information is found.

1. It is better to eat large meals three times a day at breakfast, lunch, and
dinner. Paragraph: _ _

2. People feel tired and lose weight when they have enough growth hormone.
Paragraph: _

3. Exercise is a bad way to deal with stress if you are not too worried about
things. Paragraph: _

4. Food choices high on the glycemic index combat fatigue because they
release energy very quickly in the body. Paragraph: _

5. Sleep apnea can result from chronic fatigue syndrome. Paragraph: _

6. Going without food for several hours results in an increase in metabolism

and higher energy levels. Paragraph: _

7. Refined sugars provide long-lasting energy. Paragraph:_

8. High levels of cortisol have several positive effects on the body. Paragraph: _ _

F. Using your own words, complete these notes based on information

found in the reading.

Sleep

1. Good quality sleep is important for _______________

2. Later stages of sleep are when _ _ ____ ____ ____

3. Human growth hormone affects ________________

232 UNIT 8 I What energizes people?

4. CFS can be caused by __________ ____ ___
5. Symptoms of sleep apnea include ___________ ___
Stress

1. Adults suffer more from stress because _________ ___

2. Stress affects ____ ___ _________ ____

3. Stress can be helped by __________________

4. Cortisol is _________ _____________

5. Symptoms of adrenal fatigue include ______________

Diet

1. The two biggest mistakes people make are ____________

2. What people eat is as important as _______________

3. People feel tired after a large meal because ____________

4. It is better to eat _ _ _____________ ___

5. The glycemic index is _____ _____________

G. With a partner, respond to each of the following scenarios using

information found in the reading.

1. Sofia is feeling depressed, and she often has difficulty concentrating at

work. What would you suggest she do to improve her mood and ability to
concentrate?

2. Antwan has recently gained a lot of weight, and he has been feeling very
tired. What do you think might be the cause of his problems?
3. Nobuo suffers from increased blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, and
weight gain. He also catches a lot of colds. What advice do you have for
Nobuo to improve his health?

4. For the past few months, Min Yung has had a lot of difficulty waking up in
the morning, and she has been feeling very tired and lightheaded. What do
you think could be the cause of her problems?

5. Pei Chen has a lot of energy throughout the day. What kind of eating
schedule do you think she might be following?

6. Theodore loves eating candy, but he still feels really tired sometimes. Why
might that be happening?

I Reading and Writing 233

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If
 Connections to the text chart
This type of chart helps you remember and understand the text in a more
meaningful way because you are connecting the text with something you
already know.
You can make connections between the reading and:
• things or events in your own life (text to self)
• other information you have read (text to text)
• issues, events, general knowledge in the world (text to world)

Ideas in Reading 1

One reason some of us Text to self: I always feel tired after eating a lot of
experience fatigue is
a diet skewed toward
---�----�---,
protein-especially after eating a lot of meat.
,_
' Text to text: I read an online article that said high­
consuming protein in
protein diets were unhealthy and might cause
large quantities.
kidney problems.

Text to world: High-protein diets are still popular

l with people who want to lose a lot of weight.

A. Write the number of each corrected statement from Activity E (page 232)
next to the main idea that it supports.

a. Good-quality sleep can reduce fatigue and boost energy.

b. Dealing with stress can reduce fatigue and boost energy.

c. Having a healthy diet can reduce fatigue and boost energy. 1,

B. Complete this cause and effect chart for Reading 1 with the missing
cause or effect.

1. quality uninterrupted sleep body repairs tissue and restores itself

2. lack of sleep

3. lower metabolism, fatigue,

weight gain

4. sleep apnea

5. sleep apnea

lil-m I Reading and Writing 235

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READING 2 j A Jolt of Caffeine, by the Can
UNIT �J1111�. You are going to read a newspaper article from The New York Times that
OBJECTIVE
discusses the growing popularity of energy drinks. Use the article to gather
information and ideas for your Unit Assignment.

PREVIEW THE READING

A. 1Q;j\9i:(l;!j What do you think the article will say about the caffeine in
energy drinks? Check(✓) your answer.

D Energy drinks have about the same amount of caffeine as coffee.

D Energy drinks have much more caffeine than coffee.
□ Energy drinks have more caffeine than coffee but less than most sodas.
B. M•n◄ (l@;hii What types of food and drink boost people's energy
levels? Write for 5-1 O minutes. Take two minutes to read over what you
have written and revise or edit your ideas. Remember to use this section
for your Unit Assignment.

C. VOCABULARY Check(✓) the words or phrases you know. Then work with
a partner to locate each word or phrase in the reading. Use clues to help
define the words or phrases you don't know. Check your definitions in
the dictionary.

agitated (adj.) foster (v.)

bar (v.) I' minimal (adj.)
component (n.) I' mystique (n.)
concentration (n.) I' relative to (phr.)
contend (v.) take issue with (phr.)
disclaimer (n.) unfounded (adj.)
,M
/' Oxford 3000 words

iQr,JMWill D. Go online to listen and practice your pronunciation.

I Reading and Writing 237

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 7. Some people say that energy drinks improve their ________
so they can pay attention and think better.

8. People who criticize energy drinks ________ that the drinks

have too much caffeine in them.

9. Scientists caution that energy drinks can start or _ _ ____ an

addiction to the caffeine in the drinks.

10. The advertiser made claims that were _ _ _ __ , with no

research to support them.

11. For some people the effects are ________ , but others suffer
severe headaches during caffeine withdrawal.

12. Energy drinks often carry a _ _ _ _ _ on their label warning

that the drink is not suitable for children or pregnant women.

iQc,m!@il c. Go online for more practice with the vocabulary.

D. Read the statements related to the main ideas in Reading 2. Write T (true}
or F (false} beside each statement. Correct any false statements.

1. Beverage companies claim that energy drinks are safe and can have a
number of benefits.

2. Many scientists consider energy drinks to be a healthy and safe

alternative to coffee.

3. There are worries about the negative effects of high levels of caffeine
in energy drinks, especially for children.

4. Energy drinks are big business, and their sales are growing fast.

5. The benefits of taurine, glucuronolactone, and other ingredients in

energy drinks have been scientifically proven to be much greater than
those of caffeine.

__ 6. According to one study, the additional ingredients in energy drinks

have few benefits compared to caffeine, the most important ingredient.

I Reading and Writing 241

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G. Scan through Reading 2 for statistical information. Answer the questions.

1. How old is Tom Cabrera?

2. How many dollars is the domestic beverage industry worth?

3. How much do energy drinks sell for?

4. How many countries have banned the sale of energy drinks?

5. How much caffeine is necessary to produce dependency and withdrawal
symptoms?
6. How much caffeine does a can of energy drink contain?

7. How much caffeine is in an eight-ounce cup of coffee?

8. How large is a can of Pepsi's SoBe No Fear energy drink?

9. According to Coke and Pepsi, to what age group are their products marketed?

10. According to Rodney C. Sacks, what is an appropriate age to start

drinking Monster brand energy drinks?

11. In what year did France ban Red Bull?

12. What is the price of a 20-ounce bottle of soda?

H. Based on the information in Reading 2, what answers can you infer to the
following questions?

1. Why does Tom Cabrera drink one or two cans of energy drink every day?

2. Why are energy drinks such a fast-growing sector of the beverage industry?

3. Why are scientists and nutritionists worried about the increasing

popularity of energy drinks?
4. Why might some companies promote the addictiveness of their energy
drinks as a selling point?
5. Why might some companies put voluntary disclaimers on their drinks?

6. Why do energy drink companies add strange-sounding ingredients such

as taurine, glucuronolactone, and guarana to their drinks?

7. Why would an energy drink company avoid making claims about the
ingredients in its energy drinks and focus on a brand's personality instead?

8. What point is Mr. Sacks trying to make by explaining that caffeine is

much cheaper than the other ingredients in energy drinks?

243
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 8. Combine the phrases (cause, effect, and collocation) into one sentence.
Change the verbs and nouns as necessary to create a grammatical sentence.

1. not get enough quality sleep/ feel tired all the time/ result from
Feeling tired all the time results from not getting enough quality sleep.

2. be obese I sleep apnea/ can result from

3. high levels of caffeine/ France, Denmark, Norway, and Argentina bar the
sale of energy drinks / lead to

4. eat a large, high-protein meal/ feel tired/ can be caused by

5. companies spend a lot of money on marketing them/ an increase in sales

of energy drinks/ may be caused by

6. drink an energy drink/ feel wide awake and alert/ can result in

C. Find five new adjective+ preposition or verb+ preposition collocations

in Reading 1 and Reading 2. Then write a sentence in your own words for
each new collocation.

iQr,mfiW◄I D. Go online for more practice with adjective/verb+ preposition collocations.

246 UNIT 8 I What energizes people?