6ed-Chapter 8: Approaches to System Development

TRUE/FALSE

1. A project cannot have both predictive and adaptive elements.

ANS: F PTS: 1

2. A project that has high technical risk should use the predictive approach.

ANS: F PTS: 1

3. All adaptive approaches include iterations.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. In incremental development, an increment is always completed in each iteration.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. The SDLC development approach taught in the textbook is a variation of the spiral model.

ANS: F PTS: 1

6. The modified waterfall approach requires overlapping phases.

ANS: T PTS: 1

7. The predictive waterfall SDLC explicitly includes a support phase, but the adaptive SDLCs do not.

ANS: T PTS: 1

8. A model is a representation of an important aspect of the real world.

ANS: T PTS: 1

9. A tool is a software support that helps create models or other components required in the project.

ANS: T PTS: 1

10. Anytime people need to either record or communicate information, it is useful to create a model.

ANS: T PTS: 1

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
11. Structured programming and top-down programming are identical concepts.

ANS: F PTS: 1

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 12. The data flow diagram is used with the structured analysis system development technique.

ANS: T PTS: 1

13. Many systems being developed today combine traditional and object-oriented technology.

ANS: T PTS: 1

14. Adopting an agile approach for a project is relatively easy.

ANS: F PTS: 1

15. In Agile Development, contracts include options for the customer to cancel if the project is not
progressing, as measured by the incremental deliverables.

ANS: T PTS: 1

16. Agile Modeling emphasizes creating only models that are necessary.

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. In Agile Modeling, change is seen as the exception, not the norm.

ANS: F PTS: 1

18. Agile Modeling principles suggest that CASE tools should be used whenever possible.

ANS: F PTS: 1

19. An Agile Modeling practice used in incremental modeling is to create several models in parallel.

ANS: T PTS: 1

20. Maintaining simplicity in Agile Modeling eliminates the need for validating the models with code.

ANS: F PTS: 1

21. Object-oriented development includes a focus on both objects and processes.

ANS: T PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

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1. An approach to the SDLC that plans the project in advance and then progresses according to the plan
is called what?
a. A predictive approach c. An Agile approach
b. An adaptive approach d. A project management approach

ANS: A PTS: 1

2. The _____ approach is an SDLC approach that assumes the output of each phase are frozen before
moving on to the next phase.
a. iterative c. waterfall model
b. spiral model d. prototyping

ANS: C PTS: 1

3. An adaptive approach to a development project is best used when _______.

a. the system has low technical risk
b. the requirements are simple and the system is small
c. the requirements are well understood
d. the requirements are uncertain

ANS: D PTS: 1

4. An approach to the SDLC where the phases overlap is often referred to as the _______ approach.
a. modified waterfall c. modified predictive
b. waterfall d. spiral

ANS: A PTS: 1

5. The term ____ refers to an approach that completes parts of a system in one or more iterations and puts
them into operation for users.
a. incremental development c. bottom-up development
b. adaptive development d. predictive development

ANS: A PTS: 1

6. The term “____” means that work activities are done once, then again, and yet again.
a. agile modeling c. waterfall approach
b. iteration d. incremental development

ANS: B PTS: 1

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the major activities of the support phase?
a. Training the users c. Enhancing the system
b. Maintaining the system d. Supporting the users

ANS: A PTS: 1

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 8. The objective of the ____ is to keep the system running productively during the years following its
initial installation.
a. version release c. maintenance phase
b. support phase d. deployment phase

ANS: B PTS: 1

9. A(n) _____ provides guidelines to follow for completing every activity in systems development,
including specific models, tools, and techniques.
a. predictive approach c. system development methodology
b. object-oriented analysis d. systems development life cycle

ANS: C PTS: 1

10. The term “_______” is used to separate out some aspect of the real world that is important to
understand when we build a model.
a. brainstorm c. analysis
b. synthesis d. abstraction

ANS: D PTS: 1

11. A(n) “_______” is a guideline to help an analyst complete a specific task and often includes step-by-
step instructions to do something such as how to create a model.
a. tool c. methodology
b. technique d. SDLC

ANS: B PTS: 1

12. The acronym SADT stands for what?

a. Software and Decoding Tools c. Systems Analysis and Design Tools
b. Systems Analysis and Development Tools d. Structure Analysis and Design Technique

ANS: D PTS: 1

13. A hierarchical program structure consisting of a boss or control module which calls submodules is
called what?
a. traditional program structure c. ordered program structure
b. top-down programming d. bottom-up programming

ANS: B PTS: 1

14. One main principle of structured design is that program modules should be designed so that they are
____.
a. highly cohesive c. tightly structured
b. tightly coupled d. highly engineered

ANS: A PTS: 1

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
15. An important way to measure the quality of a module in structured programming is by assessing its
_____.
a. structured design c. internal constructs
b. top-down approach d. cohesion and coupling

ANS: D PTS: 1

16. The key graphical model of the systems requirements used with structured analysis is the ____.
a. flowchart c. activity diagram
b. data flow diagram d. structure chart

ANS: B PTS: 1

17. A(n) ____ program is one that has one beginning and one ending.
a. iterative c. object-oriented
b. incremental d. structured

ANS: D PTS: 1

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
18. A(n) ____ is a representation of an important aspect of the real world.
a. methodology c. technique
b. tool d. model

ANS: D PTS: 1

19. A graphical diagram whish shows the hierarchical organization of modules is called a(n) _______.
a. Entity relationship diagram (ERD) c. structure chart
b. top-down chart d. data flow diagram

ANS: C PTS: 1

20. _____ consists of writing statements in a programming language to define what each type of object
does.
a. OOP c. OOD
b. OOA d. OOS

ANS: A PTS: 1

21. A(n) _______ is used to show the interacting messages between objects that collaborate.
a. activity diagram c. sequence diagram
b. class diagram d. data flow diagram

ANS: C PTS: 1

22. Reuse is one of the primary benefits of using what type of development methodology?
a. Object-oriented c. Top-down
b. Structured d. Iterative

ANS: A PTS: 1

23. ____ is a philosophy and set of guidelines for developing software in an unknown, rapidly changing
environment.
a. Object-oriented development c. Pair programming
b. Refactoring d. Agile development

ANS: D PTS: 1

24. Which of the following is a basic value of agile software development?

a. Following a plan over responding to change
b. Working software over comprehensive documentation
c. Processes and tools over individuals and interactions
d. Contract negotiation over customer collaboration

ANS: B PTS: 1

25. What is the primary goal in Agile Modeling?

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from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 a. building model templates for future c. focusing on representation with good
projects models
b. building multiple models d. developing software

ANS: D PTS: 1

26. Which of the following is an Agile Modeling practice?

a. Update documentation frequently c. Keep models private to those that need to
know
b. Create thorough and elaborate models d. Share ownership of models

ANS: D PTS: 1

COMPLETION

1. The term “____________________” refers to related system development activities, which are
grouped into categories of project planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support.

ANS:
phase
Phase

PTS: 2

2. A method of executing the systems development life cycle (SDLC) which assumes rigid planning and
final decision making at each step, is called the ____________________ approach.

ANS:
waterfall
waterfall model

PTS: 2

3. One of the earliest adaptive SDLC approaches that cycles over and over again through development
activities is called the _______.

ANS:
spiral model
spiral model approach
spiral approach
spiral

PTS: 2

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
4. A development approach in which the complete system structure is built but with minimum
functionality is called the _______.

ANS: walking skeleton

PTS: 2

5. The availability of support staff to assist users with technical or processing problems is called the
_______.

ANS: help desk

PTS: 2

6. Using a(n) ____________________ approach to the SDLC assumes requirements and needs for the
planned system are uncertain

ANS: adaptive

PTS: 2

7. The “_______” refers to software development using structured analysis and structured design models.

ANS:
structured approach
traditional approach

PTS: 2

8. SADT stands for what?

ANS: Structured Analysis and Design Technique

PTS: 2

9. Name the programming approach where each module has one start point and one end point and uses
only sequence, decision, and iteration.

ANS:
Structured programming
structured programming

PTS: 2

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
10. The primary structured analysis model that shows inputs, processes, storage, and outputs is called the
______.

ANS:
data flow diagram
data flow diagram (DFD)
DFD
data-flow diagram

PTS: 2

11. A thing in an information system that responds to messages by executing functions or methods is
called a(n) _______.

ANS: object

PTS: 2

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 12. What is the term used to describe system development based on the view that a system is a set of
interacting objects that work together?

ANS:
object-oriented approach
object oriented approach
object-oriented development
object-oriented programming

PTS: 2

13. What is the term used to describe an adaptive type of project that is both chaotic and controlled or
ordered?

ANS:
chaordic
Chaordic

PTS: 2

14. What is the term used to describe a guiding philosophy in which only the models that are necessary,
with a valid need and the right level of detail, are created.

ANS:
Agile modeling
agile modeling
Agile
Agile Modeling (AM)

PTS: 2

ESSAY

1. List the three major activities that occur during the support phase.

ANS:
1. Maintaining the system
2. Enhancing the system
3. Supporting the users

PTS: 5

2. Explain the difference between “An approach to the SDLC” and “An approach to software
construction.”

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
 ANS:
An approach to the SDLC has to do with whether the project methodology is predictive or adaptive
and what specific project methodology is used.

An approach to software construction has to do with structured development or object-oriented

development and the analysis and design models that are used.

PTS: 5

3. List the three constructs that are used for structured programming.

ANS:
1. Sequence
2. Decision
3. Iteration

PTS: 5

4. List at least 5 principles of Agile Modeling.

ANS:
Develop software as your primary goal
Enable the next effort as your secondary goal.
Minimize your modeling activity—few and simple.
Embrace change, and change incrementally.
Model with a purpose.
Build multiple models.
Build high-quality models and get feedback rapidly.
Focus on content rather than representation.
Learn from each other with open communication.
Know your models and how to use them.
Adapt to specific project needs.

PTS: 5

© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different
from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.