GROUND-BASED SAR

Michele Crosetto
CTTC, Division of Geomatics

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 Deformation measurement:
fundamentals

Fundamentals
 We exploit the phase of the signal:

P 4 
M M   MP

d

P’ 4 
S S   SP '


4 
 Int   S   M   ( SP ' MP )  SP ' MP  d


LOS measurements “Continuous” vs. “discontinuous” GBSAR 4

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 Fundamentals
 Ideal case:

4 
 Int   S   M   ( SP ' MP )   Defo


 Real case:

 Int   Geom   Defo   Atmo   Noise 

  Geom   Defo _ S   Defo _ M   Atmo _ S   Atmo _ M   Noise

Remark:

Role of atmospheric component

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 Atmospheric component

 It affects the distance GBSAR – scene

globally.

 It varies with the distance from the

GBSAR.

 It can affect the targets in the cross-

d2 d range heterogeneously (see figure).
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 The atmospheric effects are usually

strongly correlated spatially. However,
several exceptions may occur locally.

 This component needs to be treated

carefully.
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Remark:

Role of noise phase component

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Coherence

Coherence

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5
Coherence

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Coherence

T = hours  “continuous GBSAR” 12

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 Coherence

T = 1 month  “discontinuous GBSAR” 13

Remark:

Observations are wrapped

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 Phase unwrapping

 Condition:

This is a critical condition, especially for discontinuous GBSAR

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Phase unwrapping
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0 2   9 mm
Deformation [mm]

-2

-4

-6

-8

2   9 mm
-10

-12

-14

-16
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250

Time [h]

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 A GBSAR
data analysis procedure

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Data analysis procedure: main steps

 Survey preparation
 Data collection (continuous vs. discontinuous GBSAR)
 Image focusing
 Image co-registration
 Pixel selection (coherence-, amplitude- and phase-based)
 Phase unwrapping
 Interferogram to image transformation
 Atmospheric component estimation using stable areas
 Displacement computation and geocoding

Comment: main differences with satellite-based PSI are

topographic component and linear deformation model
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 Examples of
continuous monitoring:

Formigal landslide (Pyrenees)

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Formigal landslide (Spanish Pyrenees)

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 Formigal landslide (Spanish Pyrenees)

• 3 TLS campaigns: July 06, October 06, June 07

• 1 continuous GBSAR campaign: October-November 06

• Several topographic campaigns: total station & D-GPS

www.galahad.it
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The instrument

Polarization VV

Center frequency 5.85 GHz

Bandwidth 30 MHz

Scanning length 1.8m

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 Total displacement

Line-of-sight displacements;
5 October -21 November 06; Max distance = 1350 m
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Total displacement map

-8.7cm 0cm 9.4cm

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 Displacement time series

Point 1

-6.3 cm

5th October 21st November

Distance = 550 m
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Canillo landslide (Andorra)

“discontinuous GBSAR”

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Canillo: area of interest

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Canillo: area of interest

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Corner reflectors

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Canillo: area of interest

Zona 1
Zona 2

Zona 3

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Canillo: area of interest

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Campaigns

Campaign 1
2 images
29-30 September
2009
∆T=22 days

Campaign 2
22 images
21-22 October
2009
∆T=35 days
Campaign 3 25 images
25-26 November
2009

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Displacement: campaigns 2-3
8.3 mm

ZONA ESQUERDADA PRIMAVERA 2009

GRAN ESLLAVISSADA DEL FORN

Substrat rocós

-1 mm

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Displacement: campaigns 2-3

8.3 mm

ZONA ESQUERDADA PRIMAVERA 2009

SUB-ESLLAVISSADA DE CAL PONENT

GRAN ESLLAVISSADA DEL FORN

Substrat rocós

-1 mm

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 Total displacements

Zona 1

3
1
-1
Deformació (mm)

CR10
-3
CR5
-5
CR3
-7
CR2
-9
CR8
-11
-13
-15
0 10 20 30 40 50
Temps (dies)

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Total displacements

Zona 2

3
1
-1
Deformació (mm)

CR1
-3
CR9
-5
CR15
-7
CR13
-9
CR6
-11
-13
-15
0 10 20 30 40 50
Temps (dies)

36

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 Total displacements

Zona 3

3
1
-1
Deform ació (m m )

CR11
-3
CR7
-5
CR12
-7
CR4
-9
CR14
-11
-13
-15
0 10 20 30 40 50
Temps (dies)

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