CARMELITA I.

BANGUIS
EDUC200
SECTION D

1. Describe the concepts of the following:

a. existentialism
b. pragmatism
c. progressivism
d. idealism

a. Existentialism:
Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and
responsibility. In education, existentialism focuses on empowering students to find meaning
and purpose in their lives through authentic experiences and self-exploration. Existentialist
educators believe in creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment where students
are encouraged to question, reflect, and make choices that align with their values and beliefs.
This philosophy promotes experiential learning, dialogue, and personal growth, emphasizing the
importance of individuality and self-expression in education.
b. Pragmatism:
Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes practical consequences and real-world
outcomes. In education, pragmatism focuses on learning by doing and problem-solving, with an
emphasis on relevance and utility. Pragmatist educators believe that education should be
purposeful and connected to students' lives, preparing them for active participation in society.
Pragmatism promotes hands-on learning experiences, project-based learning, and
interdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the application of knowledge to real-world
situations.
c. Progressivism:
Progressivism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes progress, democracy, and the
importance of individual experience in education. In contrast to traditional authoritarian
models of schooling, progressivism advocates for student-centered approaches that prioritize
active engagement, critical thinking, and social interaction. Progressivist educators believe in
creating democratic classrooms where students have a voice in their learning and are
encouraged to pursue their interests and passions. This philosophy promotes inquiry-based
learning, cooperative learning, and experiential learning, with an emphasis on fostering
creativity, empathy, and social responsibility.
d. Idealism:
Idealism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of ideas, values, and the
mind in shaping reality. In education, idealism promotes the pursuit of truth, goodness, and
beauty through intellectual inquiry and moral reflection. Idealist educators believe in cultivating
the intellect and character of students through exposure to great works of literature, philosophy,
and art. This philosophy emphasizes the role of the teacher as a moral guide and mentor,
guiding students on a journey of self-discovery and personal transformation.
2. Examine and discuss the methods of teaching which are still used in the classroom at
present:

Several traditional and contemporary teaching methods are still utilized in classrooms today:
a. Lecture Method: While criticized for its passive nature, lectures remain prevalent, especially
in higher education. Lectures can effectively deliver content to large groups of students, but
active learning strategies are often incorporated to enhance engagement.
b. Cooperative Learning: This method promotes collaboration among students, fostering
communication, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Group projects, discussions, and peer
teaching are common forms of cooperative learning used in classrooms.
c. Inquiry-Based Learning: This method encourages students to ask questions, investigate
topics, and construct their own understanding of concepts. It promotes curiosity, problem-
solving skills, and deeper engagement with content.
f. Differentiated Instruction: This approach recognizes and accommodates the diverse learning
needs and preferences of students. Teachers may vary instructional strategies, materials, and
assessments to meet individual student needs and promote academic success for all learners.