Environmental Management

Syllabus code : 0680

Subject instructor :
Ms. Samrin Adam

Ms. Samrin
 Types of Environments
• Natural environment • Artificial\built environment

Ms. Samrin
Earth’s spheres :

• Lithosphere (solid land)

• Hydrosphere ( water bodies)
• Atmosphere ( the Air)
• Biosphere (living organisms)

Ms. Samrin
Subject overview
1 Rocks and minerals and their exploitation
2 Energy and the environment
3 Agriculture and the environment
4 Water and its management
5 Oceans and fisheries

6 Managing natural hazards

7 The atmosphere and human activities

8 Human population
9 Natural ecosystems and human activities.

Ms. Samrin
The Earth structure

Ms. Samrin
Rocks types
• Igneous rocks
• Sedimentary rocks
• Metamorphic rocks

Ms. Samrin
Igneous rocks
• Primary rocks or parent rocks
• Form from magma
• Magma rises up to the surface and
cooled down due to temperature
differences
• Magma solidify and hardens to form
rock
• Examples of igneous rocks :
• granite
• basalt
• What is different between lava and
magma?

Ms. Samrin
Sedimentary rocks
• Second hand rocks
• Formed by weathering ( breaking
down rocks to small pieces\
sediments )
• Sediments are carried by water and
wind (transportation)
• Sediments then settle on another
location (deposition)
• Layer after layer the sediments
compact and form a solid rock
(compaction)
• Examples of sedimentary rocks:
• Limestone
• Sandstone
How sedimentary rocks helps in
knowing about past history?
Ms. Samrin
Metamorphic rocks
• Rocks that has been exposed to high
temperature and pressure
(metamorphism)
• Chemical reactions occur
• Rocks elements change and gain new
characteristics and form new rock

• Examples of metamorphic rocks :

• Marble
• Schist
• Gneiss
• Quartzite

Ms. Samrin
Ms. Samrin
Mining :
• The process of exploration, • There are tow types of mining :
searching, and extraction of
minerals .
• Surface mining, A.K.A. open pit/
• Exploration and searching are open cast/ surface cut
conducting by geologist and
geographers using special • Subsurface mining, A.K.A. deep
devices. mining
• New finding technologies (
satellites and GPS) create
advances in the process

Ms. Samrin
Surface mining:
• Explosives are used to loosen the
surface.
• Bulldozers are used to remove
the waste rocks and shovel the
land.
• Extract the mineral after
reaching the ore.

Ms. Samrin
 Discussion time

What are the possible negative impacts

of surface mining on the environment ?

Ms. Samrin
Subsurface\deep mining
• It takes place underground.
• Miners make two vertical shafts
deep down.
• Make a horizontal tunnel and
follow the mineral nodes.

Ms. Samrin
 Discussion time

What are the possible negative impacts

of subsurface mining on the miners ?

Ms. Samrin
 Discussion

What are the positives impacts of mining?

Ms. Samrin
Factors that affect the decision to
extract rocks and minerals
• Exploration
• Accessibility (location and climate)
• Environmental Impact Assessment
• Demand and Supply
• Geology

Ms. Samrin
Hard Geology Simple Geology

Ms. Samrin
Managing the impact
of rock and mineral
extraction
• Safe disposal of mining
waste
• land restoration: soil
improvement: to turn it
into farming land
• Reforestation: tree planting
• Making lakes and nature
reserves
• Using as landfill site .

Ms. Samrin
Sustainable use of
rocks and minerals:
• legislation: rules set by
authorities.
• Quota : limited amount.
• Increased efficiency of the
extraction of rocks and
minerals.
• Increased efficiency of the
use of rocks and minerals.
• The need to Reduce, Reuse,
and Recycle rocks and
minerals (the three Rs)

Ms. Samrin
Sustainable use of rocks
and minerals
Environmental Sustainability
Is the responsibility to
conserve natural resources
and protect global
ecosystems to support health
and wellbeing, now and in
the future.
Sustainable Resources:
natural resources that are
renewable and can be
replenished at the same rate,
or faster than they are being
consumed.
Ms. Samrin
Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, adopted by all
United Nations Member States
in 2015, provides a shared
blueprint for peace and
prosperity for people and the
planet, now and into the future.
17 goal called (urgent call for
action) were sat based on a
certain criteria.

Ms. Samrin
 https://sdgs.un.org/goals

Ms. Samrin
Unite tasks:
1. Make a report about a mine site, the report should include:
a) Location
b) mine type
c) Environmental Impact
d) reclamation strategies

2. From the 17 goal of SDGs, choose one goal to give your own opinion
on how we can reach sustainability (give examples for practices)

Ms. Samrin