Oil & Gas Production and

Transportation
Prof. Guido Sassi
Department of Applied Science and Technology
Politecnico di Torino
 Exam Oral Discussion of a report .
• Modality:
• Presentations for development (slides max 20 minutes (Thursday book by mail))
• Exam (registration on the portal) first and last Thursday of the session

• Transportation (pipeline) Minimal report

• Fluids: Water (simple fluid) and Oil (complex fluid)
• Design:
• Pipe (Material, Diameter, Wall thickness, Fittings)
• Pumping stations (Valves, Pumps, Regulation for Flow rate or Pressure control)
• Comparison: water and oil (compare on the same graph or table significant quantities)
• Production (multi phase separation) Minimal report
• Description: separation zones, efficiency, pressure drop
• Sizing of a separator
Production & Transportation
Thermodynamics
• State
• State variables
• Chemical (Composition)
• Physical (Pressure Temperature Volume)
• Aggregation (homogeneous, heterogeneous)
• gas 1 (almost always)
• liquid up to 2 (organic vs. aqueous; polar vs. apolar)
• solid up to many
• Energy (Internal, Enthalpy, Free, TS)
• Transformation
• Variables (Mechanical Work, Expansion, Heat loss, Head loss, Mass loss)
 Production & Transportation
Gibbs law: degree of freedom = Components – Phases + Physicals
• How many components?
• pure = 1
• water
• oil
• natural gas
• How many phases? What a phase?
• Gas =1
• Liquid 1 or 2
• Solids?
• How many physical variables? Mass Temperature Pressure Volume Enthalpy Entropy
• Extensive variables (depends on the amount of system, i.e., Size) Mass
• Intensive variables (independent of the amount of system, i.e., Size) Temperature
Production & Transportation
Aspen stream state form
 Production & Transportation
State diagrams

Pure substance
 Production & Transportation
State diagrams, Phase diagrams

Oil
Production & Transportation
Fluid Thermodynamics
• Aggregation state Shape and Volume
• Mass balance 𝑚2 − 𝑚1 = ∆𝑚
• Energy balance
∆𝑝 ∆𝑣 2
• Bernoulli + + 𝑔∆ℎ = ∆𝐸
𝜌 2
• 1st principle of thermodynamics 𝑊 + 𝑞 = ∆𝐸
𝐹
• Momentum balance = −𝑓𝜌∆𝐾
𝐴
𝑣2 𝐿 𝜌8 2 𝐿
• in pipes (Fanning) ∆𝑃 = −𝑓𝜌 = −𝑓 2 𝑄 5
2 𝐷 𝜋 𝐷
𝑘𝐴 1
• in waterplane (Darcy) 𝑄= ∆𝑃 = ∆ℎ
𝜇𝐿 𝑅
𝑔𝐷 2
• falling particles (Stokes) 𝑢= ∆𝜌
18𝜇
• in filters (Ergun)