ACTIVITY/ REPORT no.

3
Heating Surfaces and Boiler HP
Objective:
 To study the inner constructions of the boiler and to determine the HP based on
the heating surfaces.
Procedure:
 Remove the back cover of the boiler
 Measures the diameter and the length of the furnace
 Measure the inside diameters of the fire tube, furnace the diameter of end plates
 Compute the heating surface of the boiler

Heating Surfaces:
Heating surfaces in a boiler refer to the area of the boiler's metal structure that is
exposed to the hot gases or flames produced during the combustion process. These
surfaces absorb heat from the combustion process and transfer it to the water,
converting it into steam. The efficiency of a boiler is influenced by the total heating
surface area it possesses.
There are several types of heating surfaces in a boiler:
1. Fire Tubes: These are metal tubes through which hot gases pass. Water
surrounds these tubes, absorbing heat from the combustion process. Fire-tube
boilers typically have a large number of relatively small-diameter tubes.

2. Water Wall Tubes: These are tubes in the boiler where water is evaporated to
steam and are also called steam generating tubes. These tubes also form the
walls of the boiler and are hence called water walls or water wall panels.
 3. Economizers: These are heat exchangers that are installed in the flue gas path
of a boiler. They preheat the boiler feed water, increasing the overall efficiency
of the boiler.

4. Superheaters: Superheaters are sections of the boiler that further heat the
steam to increase its temperature and energy content.

5. Reheaters: In some power plants, especially those using a Rankine cycle,

reheaters are used to reheat the steam after it passes through the high-pressure
turbine but before it enters the low-pressure turbine.

Boiler Horsepower (HP):

Boiler horsepower is a unit of measurement used to indicate the power output of a
boiler. It is defined as the amount of energy required to convert 34.5 pounds (about
15.65 kg) of water per hour from liquid to steam at 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100
degrees Celsius) under standard atmospheric conditions (1 atm pressure).

1 Boiler HP is equal to approximately 33,475 British Thermal Units (BTUs) or 9.8095

kilowatts (kW).
Basic Boiler Length

1. Heating Surface of the Furnace = Number or tubes x 3.1416 x tube inside diameter x
tube
Length heating surface of the fire tubes = 20 tubes (3.1416)( 0.082025 feet)(10 feet) = 51.537
square feet.
20(3.1416)( 0.082025)(10)
= 51.537 or 51.54

2. Heating Surface of the fire tubes = 2 x 3.1416 x ( end plate radius)

Heating Surface of the end plates = 2 x 3.1416 x (1.5 feet) = 9.4248 square feet.

(2)(3.1416)(1 feet) = 9.42

3. Heating Surface of the end plates = 3.1416 (Furnace Diameter)( Furnace Length)

Heating Surface of the Furnace = 3.1416(3 feet)( 8 feet)= 75.3984 square feet
3.1416 (3)(8)= 75.3984 or 75.4

4 Heating surface of the boiler = Assuming that the boiler only consists of fire tubes, end
plates, and the furnace:
Calculation:
Total Heating Surface of the Boiler = Heating Surface of Fire Tubes + Heating Surface of End
Plates + Heating Surface of Furnace
≈ 51.54 square feet + 9.4248 square feet + 75.4square feet
≈ 136.364 square feet
ENTHALPY

Enthalpy Values:

Standard Feed Enthalpy (H_in): 300 BTU/lb

Standard Steam Enthalpy (H_out): 1200 BTU/lb

Mass Flow Rate of Feedwater (m_dot): 500 lb/hour

With these values, we can proceed with the calculations:

Enthalpy Difference (ΔH):

ΔH = H_out - H_in

ΔH = 1200 BTU/lb - 300 BTU/lb = 900 BTU/lb

Energy Required:

Energy Required (Q) = ΔH * m_dot

Q = 900 BTU/lb * 500 lb/hour = 450,000 BTU/hour

SUBMITTED BY: ALMER BALIDIONG

SUBMITTED TO: CONRADO AGUTH SALINAS CALUMPITA