𐙚MAPEH REVIEWER

ֶָ֢⊹𐙚ֶָ~ MUSIC ~
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✿°ELEMENTS OF THEATER
•ACTING❀ - The art of performance where actors potray characters and tell
stories using dialouge, body language, and facial expressions.
•SCENERY❀ - Encompasses all the physical decorative elements of the stage
design creating an illusion of reality.
•COSTUMES❀ - Reaveal the personality of each character and help to tell the
story and help to establish the time period and setting of the play.
•DANCE ( sometimes included)❀ - Sequence of movement has aesthetic and
often symbolic value.

A. OPERA
⚘An art and music form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work
combining text (called a libretto) and a musical score, usually in an elaborate
theatrical setting.
Accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble and the dialogue is
entirely sung and not spoken.
Part of the Western classical music form and tradition.
Started in Italy at the end of the 16th century and soon spread through the rest of
Europe.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Opera in the Philippines

⚘Filipino opera emerged in the mid-19th century, influenced by foreign

performers, instrumental virtuosos, opera singers, and Spanish zarzuela (drama
simbolico), dominating the Philippine theater scene with enthusiastic
performances for local audiences. Locals exposed to Western art and music
discovered a passion for opera, using its themes to express love for the country
and a desire for independence from colonial rule. The element of tragedy,
emanating from the popular themes of romance, deceit, murder, vendetta, and
other elements of human frailty, became a favorite story pattern of the Filipino
opera. Some operatic works were based on previous literary creations, such as
Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. The tragic endings and unresolved
conflicts made them excellent choices for an operatic production.

1. Sandugong Panaginip by Pedro Paterno❀

The first Filipino opera with libretto in Spanish and was first presented at the
Zorilla Theater on August 2, 1902, which was later translated by the Englishman
M.W. Loving with the title The Dreamed Alliance.

2. Noli Me Tangere❀
- A three-act opera exposing the ills of the Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling
government.
- Composed by National Artist Felipe Padilla de Leon, with libretto by National
Artist Guillermo Tolentino, premiered in 1957 at the FEU Auditorium directed by
Morli Daram.

3. El Filibusterismo❀
- A Tagalog three-act opera telling the continuing struggle of the Filipinos to
achieve freedom and emancipation from Spanish colonial rule. - Composed by
Felipe Padilla de Leon, with libretto by Guillermo Tolentino in 1970 with libretto by
Anthony Morli staged at the CCP.

4. La Loba Negra (The Black She-Wolf)❀

- A three-act Filipino opera; Acts I and II are based on history. Act III is based on a
legend attributed to Fr. Jose Burgos, one of the three martyred priests Gomez,
Burgos, and Zamora who were executed in Bagumbayan (now Luneta) in 1872.
Composed by National Artist Francisco Feliciano, with libretto by soprano Fides
Cuyugan Asensio premiered in 1984 directed by Lamberto Avellana.

B. BALLET IN THE PHILIPPINES

⚘The Filipino ballets vividly present folktales based on local fables (example, Lola
Basyang) and epics from neighboring regions (example, India's Ramayana). Highly
communicative movements and steps dramatize the actions in the respective
stories. The colorful sets and costumes add to the luster and attraction of the
productions.

❀Lola Basyang
A ballet adaptation of Severino Reyes' folktales Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang.
It was meant to instill and rekindle the interest of the Filipino youth in the beauty,
richness, and heritage of Philippine literature.

❀Rama Hari (King Rama)

The Philippine adaptation of the Indian epic Ramayana set to music, dance, and
drama.

C. MUSICAL PLAY

⚘A popular and generally lighter form of musical drama than the opera
The themes are usually more contemporary and the musical melodies more
manageable by the average singer.
The acting is less intense and dramatic.
The choreography and dance sequences provide visual breaks from the ongoing
plots.
Have been associated with the Broadway plays of New York City and West End
Productions in London.

Sample Musical Plays:

• West Side Story❀ - about interracial gang rivalry and romance.

• Les Miserables❀-most famous of all French musicals and one of the most famous
musicals performed worldwide.
•Miss Saigon❀ - an opera adaptation of Madame Butterfly and similarly tells the
tragic tale of a doomed romance involving an Asian woman abandoned by her
American lover.

ᯓᡣ𐭩MUSICAL PLAYS IN THE PHILIPPINES

⚘Philippine musical play is a more recent development than Broadway and West
End, relying mostly on adaptations from novels, literary works, or biographical
sketches of famous artists.

1. Andres Bonifacio❀: Ang Dakilang Anak-Pawis - a five-act work commissioned by

Alfonso Puyat in 1979, depicting the life of revolutionary hero Andres Bonifacio.
Music was by Jerry Dadap.

2. Atang❀ - Dulang May Musikal - a musical based on the life of the first superstar
of the Philippines, Atang Dela Rama written by Floy Quintos and directed by
Alexander Cortes.

3. Florante at Laura❀ - was presented by Tanghalang Pilipino at the CCP Little Theater
(Tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino) from July 7 to 24, 1988 in celebration of the 200th
birth anniversary of the author Francisco Balagtas-Baltazar. It was selected as
the official Philippine entry to the first ASEAN Theater Festival in August 1988.
4. Daragang Magayon❀ - a production for poetry and mixed media for male and
female narrators, female voice,two percussionists, two pianists, and two dancers,
is based on a poem by Merlinda C. Bobis. It was first presented at the Cultural
Center of the Philippines Loading Dock on March 1 and 2, 1991.

5. Magsimula Ka❀ - by Gines Tan was staged at the CCP Main Theater from April 7 to
24, 1988. Magsimula Ka is the story of young dreamers whose ambitions begin to
fade in life's realities. The play responds to the young peoples' lingering question
of whether there is hope for them in this cruel world.

ֶָ֢⊹𐙚~ARTS~____________________________________________________________________
__

⚘Theater is the one major art form that brings together all the other art forms—
from painting and sculpture to installation art, to music, to dance, to literature,
even to computer arts—in a single production.
Contributing to the vivid theater experience are the stage sets and props, the
lighting, the background music and sound effects, the costumes, and accessories.
In recent decades, computer-generated visual effects and mechanized sets have
been incorporated as well.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Theatrical Forms
• ❀Tragedy - a dramatic play portraying the struggle of a strong-willed
protagonist against fate, as predestined by mysterious, divine, social, or
psychological forces, culminating in disaster and usually caused by a flaw in the
protagonist's character.
• ❀Comedy - a dramatic play of light and humorous characters,
typically with a cheerful and happy ending.
• ❀Drama - a play that is "for real". The characters represent realistic
and everyday people.
• ❀Melodrama - a dramatic composition characterized by extravagant
theatricality and the dominance of plot and physical action over
characterization.

Elements of Art as Applied to an Original Performance

1. ❀Sound and Music - incorporating sound recording and editing
techniques available using applications for desktop or laptop computers, tablets,
and android phones.
2. ❀ Gesture, Movement, and Dance - incorporating appropriate dance styles
and techniques learned in PE classes.
 3. Costume, Mask, Makeup, and Accessories - incorporating art techniques
such as painting, papier-mâché, assemblage, simple sculpture, and industrial
design.
4. Spectacle - creating a striking, even awe-inspiring effect on stage
through the use of lighting, sound, music, costumes, dance, and special effects.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Roles in a Stage Production

⋆˚ʚɞProducer
★ the person who takes the play from a mere concept to an actual finished
presentation.
★ Chooses all the team members and assigns them their functions and
oversees the casting of the actors and actresses for the different roles.
⋆˚ʚɞDirector
★ the overall artistic coordinator of the entire production. Like a conductor
of an orchestra, he or she has a vision of the desired total effect and
impact of the performance.
⋆˚ʚɞPlaywright
★ writer of the script; the initial concept or plot may be original, and then
developed into a play script or on an existing story or another play which
the playwright will then adapt to present in a new way.
⋆˚ʚɞSet designer
★ conceptualize and create the setup of the physical stage.
★ Builds the set/s that will simulate the world that the play's characters are
supposed to live in.
⋆˚ʚɞLighting designer
★ creates the mood of each scene in the play, highlighting a dramatic
moment, signaling the entrance of a character, focusing attention on a
specific spot-on stage, or even providing a blanket of darkness for set and
prop changes. Coordinates closely with the set designer.
⋆˚ʚɞCostume designer
★ decides what attire will not only give the audience a clear sense of the
setting but will also express each character's personality and distinct
qualities of the actors and actresses.
⋆˚ʚɞSound designer
★ serves a vital role in creating and enhancing the atmosphere of the
performance.
★ Includes music both on stage and as background, and special sound
effects.
⋆˚ʚɞProduction manager
★ Coordinates all the complex behind-the-scenes details of staging a play by
overseeing the crews for the sets and props, the sound and music, the
lighting, and the costumes.

⋆˚ʚɞTechnical director
★ shadows the play's director throughout the entire production process
bringing the director's vision to life-ensuring that every instruction is
properly executed.
⋆˚ʚɞ Choreographer
★ plans out all the dance steps to suit the music, rehearses the actors until
they are able to perform the dance skillfully and program the moves of the
opposing sides in a fight scene to make it believable and safe.
⋆˚ʚɞ Makeup designer
★ bringing in to plan the hairstyles and makeup to complement the
costumes.
★ Makes the actors look natural for their respective roles-based on their
characters' age and personality, and the time and place of the story.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Philippine Theater and Performing Groups

⚘The Philippines has a rich and thriving theater industry that you may be
interested to venture into in the future.
Productions range from original plays with Philippine themes and settings, to
renowned theater classics from past centuries to contemporary musicals from
Broadway or London's West End.

1. Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and Tanghalang Pilipino❀

⁃ With the American presence in the Philippines for the first half of
the 20th century, it was inevitable that many U.S. and European theater forms and
scripts found their way here. Among them were the classics, such as the plays of
William Shakespeare, as well as the works of great American playwrights. At the
same time, they staged original Philippine zarzuelas which were plays performed
in song, similar to the European opera.
⁃ PETA was founded in 1967 by Cecile Guidote-Alvarez. They have
staged Caredivas (2011), Hearing Lear (2012) and Pamana (2013).
⁃ Tanghalang Pilipino, the resident theater company of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines, founded by Nonon Padilla in 1987. Some of their plays
were Himala (2004), Noli (2011), William (2011) and Ibalong (2012).

2. Repertory Philippines❀
⁃ In 1967, theater director Zenaida Amador fulfilled her dream of
bringing the best of Broadway and London's West End to Filipino audiences.
 ⁃ Together with actress Baby Barredo, they established a company
that not only staged English-language plays and musicals year-round but trained
actors and actresses as well; it continues with this vision to this day.

3. Trumpets❀
⁃ Began mounting grand productions of originally written musicals
with a slant towards good values for children and the whole family in 1990.
⁃ Their intention is to provide wholesome theater experiences for
Filipino youth while also building up the Philippine theater-going public.
>Joseph the Dreamer
>N.O.A.H. & The Bluebird of Happiness

4. New Voice Company❀

- Established in 1994 by Monique Wilson, earned a reputation for staging
thought-provoking productions on daring and deep topics like the Aspects of
Love.

5. Philippine Opera Company (POC)❀

- Founded in 1999 by a group of dedicated classically trained singers, led by
soprano Karla Gutierrez as artistic directress seek to develop performers and
audiences for classical music performances, both foreign and Filipino.
ꕤ>Harana
ꕤ>Master Class
ꕤ>The Mikado

6. Theater Down South❀

- Founded in 2007 by Philippine theater mainstay Michael Williams as artistic
director to widen the reach of stage productions beyond the traditional centers
within Metro Manila, and therefore develop a broader audience base.
ꕤ> A Midsummer Night's Dream
ꕤ> The Red Carp
ꕤ> A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

ֶָ֢⊹𐙚~P.E.~
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✿Physical activity - WHO defines physical activity as any bodily movement

produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

✿Exercise - is a type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and

repetitive bodily movement to improve or maintain one or more components of
physical fitness.
ᯓᡣ𐭩Intensity of Exercise

✿Principles of Overload - to improve any aspect of physical fitness, the individual

must continually increase the demands placed on the appropriate body systems.

✿Intensity of Exercise or Training Intensity (TI) - can be calculated easily, and

training can be monitored by checking your pulse.

Steps to determine the intensity of exercise or cardio-respiratory training zone

according to heart rate reserve:

1. Estimate Maximal Heart Rate (MHR): MHR-207-(0.7 x age)

2. Check your Resting Heart Rate (RHR) for a full minute in the evening or after you
have been sitting quietly for about 30 minutes.
3. Determine the Heart Rate Reserve (HRR): HRR = MHR-RHR
4. Calculate the Training Intensity (TI) at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 or 85 percent, depending
on the perceived intensity. TIHRRx+RHR

Cardio-Respiratory Training Zone

Percentage

Light Intensity (106-118 bpm)

30%
40%
Moderate Intensity (118-143 bpm)
50%
60%
Vigorous Intensity (143-174 bpm)
70%
85%

ᯓᡣ𐭩Weight Management
⚘Eating is an intentional act. Each day people choose from the available food,
prepare the food, decide where to eat, which rules to follow, and with whom to
dine with.

✿Eating habits (or food habits) - refers to why and how people eat, which foods
they eat, and with whom they eat, as well as the ways people obtain, store, use,
and discard food. Individual, social, cultural, religious, economic, environmental,
and political factors all influence people's eating habits.

✿Body Mass Index (BMI) - commonly used because it is very easy to measure,
and it also correlates strongly with the percentage of body fats. A BMI between
18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 is considered normal, with a healthy body weight.
Formula: BMI = weight in kilogram/height in meter)²

BMI CLASSIFICATION

● Below 18.5_Underweight
● 18.5-24.9_Normal
● 25.0-29.9_Overweight
● 30.0 and above_Obese

✿Waist Circumference-a measurement taken around the abdomen at the level of

the umbilicus (belly button) which helps screen for possible health risks that come
with overweight and obesity. Gynoid obesity or pear-shaped physique-fat
distributed more around the hips and thighs has lesser health risks.
Android obesity or apple-shaped physique-fat on the trunk or abdominal area
has more health risks.

✿Recreational activities - activities that are mostly done for pleasure. It may help
improve mental and physical health, as well as relieve stress and help you rest.
Common injuries involved in recreation are sprains, strains, knee injuries,
fractures, and dislocations. Symptoms of mentioned injuries are difficult and
painful movement deformity, a pop, snap, or tear is sometimes felt or heard when
injury occurs, pain, swelling, and bruising.

First Aid Techniques to injuries during recreation, follow the PRICED (Protection,
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Diagnosis) procedure.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

✿Cheerdance-a team physical activity using organized routines for the purpose
of motivating a sports team, entertaining an audience, or competition.

✿Cheer-to shout out words or phrases that may help motivate and boost the
morale of a playing team and perform better during a game.

✿Dance - a physical activity where one expresses emotions or gestures while

performing bodily movements usually in time with the rhythm.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Essentials of Cheerdancing

~ Arms/hand movements and legs/feet positions

~ Gymnastic side: Jumps, Tumbling skills and Pyramids
~ Dance side: Hip-hop basics, Jazz/Classical Dance Basics
~ Cheer side: Cheering
 ● Beginning Stance
● Cheer Stance
● Clap
● Clasp
● Overhead Clasp.
● Low Clasp
● Table Top
● Touchdown
● Low Touchdown
● Bow and Arrow
● Punch
● L Motion
● Diagonal
● T Motion
● Half T
● High V
● Low V
_Basic Cheer Motions

ᯓᡣ𐭩NUTRITIONAL SIDE OF CHEERDANCE

✿Gaining weight-some people have a hard time gaining weight in this field. When
weight gain is a goal, the focus is on gaining muscle and not fat weight.

✿Losing weight - is a common goal than weight gain. It involves a negative energy
balance and can be achieved by increasing exercise and decreasing caloric
intake.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Nutritional Needs

1. Macronutrients-are found in larger quantities in the body.

•Carbohydrates (sugar)
-main source of energy during physical activity.
-vital for optimal functioning of your body.
-4 calories per gram
-45% to 65% of your calorie intake should be from carbohydrates.

•Protein (amino acid)

-for muscle growth, recovery and repair.
-4 calories per gram
-10% to 15% of your calorie intake
-should be from protein.
-can only be used for energy if there's a deficiency of carbohydrates and fat.
2. Micronutrients- are found in smaller amounts and cannot provide energy
directly.

•Vitamins
-Organic compound
-Can be broken down by heat, air, or acid.
-All vitamins are required by human body for a healthy nutrition.
-Necessary for energy production, immune function, blood clotting and other
functions.

•Minerals
-Inorganic compound
-Fat (lipids)
-9 calories per gram
-major source of energy between 25% to 35% of your calorie intake should be from
fats.
-Hold on to their chemical structure.
-Only some of the minerals are required by the human body for nutrition.
-Play an important role in growth, bone health, fluid balance and several other
processes.

3. Water-required for all human beings for it is important for hydration of cells. It
may be valuable for disease prevention as well.

The Daily Recommended Intake (DRI) of water is 2.7 liters (90 oz.) per day for women
and 3.7 liters (125 oz.) for men.

Required amount of water also depends on the weather. Higher the temperature,
the greater the body needs water.

ֶָ֢⊹𐙚~HEALTH~_____________________________

✿Career- an occupation or profession that requires special training.

✿Health careers - designed to familiarize students with the various careers in the
medical profession and allied health services. refers to an individual's plan to
make a career choice, growing in the chosen career or making a career shift.

ᯓᡣ𐭩Steps and Components in Making a Health Career Plan

1. Self-assessment
2. Career Exploration
3. Decision Making
4. Plan of Action

⚘Discover your strengths through self-assessments like your values, interests,

personality, testing, and many more.

⚘You can explore different careers and work environments through career fairs,
online research, meetings, internships, alumni, connections, professional
resources.

⚘Before you decide on taking what works for you, you can evaluate and narrow
down your options by listing the pros and cons, comparing your strengths and
interests, and deciding which career fulfills both current and future goals.

⚘Plan achievable goals and develop strategies to reach your goals, organize your
goals into smaller steps, identify actions for each step, utilize helpful people and
resources, review and adapt your plan regularly.

ᯓᡣ𐭩HEALTH CAREER PATHWAYS

⚘Career pathways are clusters of occupation that are grouped because of shared
skills. These include a variety of occupations that require different, levels of
education, skills, and training. Selecting a career pathway provides you with an
area of focus along with flexibility and a variety of ideas to pursue personal
development.

1.❀ Community Healthcare - focuses on the maintenance, protection, and

improvement of the health of all community members.

● Barangay/Community Health Worker

2.❀ Dental Health - deals with various oral conditions.

● Public Health Aide

● Dentist
● Dental Hygienist
● Dental Nurse

3.❀ Disease and Prevention Control -focuses on communicable and

non-communicable diseases like an

● Epidemiologist
4.❀ Drug Prevention Control - seeks to reduce community and individual
problems related to alcohol and drug abuse through evidence-based programs
and policy advocacy.

● Drug Enforcer
● Addiction Counselor

5.❀ Emergency Medical Services - specializes in out-of-hospital medical care.

● Emergency Medical Aid

● Emergency Medical Responder

6.❀ Environmental Healthcare Management - tries to establish the correlation

between and among the physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial
factors in the surrounding environment.

● Air Pollution Analyst

● Soil science analyst
● Hazardous and solid waste manager
● Environmental Health Inspector

7.❀ Health Education - tasked with the promotion of healthcare and training of
health workers on managing change in healthcare.

● Health Education Specialist

● Community Health Educator
● Social Worker

8.❀ Maternal and Healthcare - deals with complex public health issues that affect
women, children, and their families.

● Midwife
● Community Health Educator
● Psychiatrist
● Guidance Counselor
● Pediatrician

9.❀ Mental Healthcare - deals with interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships

and life skills.

● Clinical Social Worker

● Clinical Psychologist
10.❀ Nutrition-find ways to balance individuals' food and nutrition and their
impact on patients' health.

● Nutritionist
● Dietitian

11. ❀ Occupational Safety -find ways to balance individuals' food and nutrition and
their impact on patients' health,

● Occupational Health and Safety Technician

● Health Inspector
● Industrial Hygienist