05 MachDem - Edit

BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 5
MẠCH ĐẾM
5.1. Mục tiêu
Sau khi hoàn thành bài thí nghiệm này, SV có thể:
Xây dựng và phân tích lên xuống của đếm không đồng bộ;
Thay đổi mod của bộ đếm;
Sử dụng IC đếm;
Xây dựng và phân tích bộ đếm đồng bộ với giải mã. Vẽ giản đồ thời
gian;
Giải thích khái niệm giải mã từng phần.
5.2. Câu hỏi chuẩn bị
1/ Trình bày các bước thiết kế mạch đếm không đồng bộ?
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2/ Vẽ mạch đếm không đồng bộ 2 bit đếm lên, giải thích nguyên lý hoạt
động.
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3/ Vẽ mạch đếm không đồng bộ 2 bit đếm xuống, giải thích nguyên lý
hoạt động.
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4/ Trình bày các bước thiết kế mạch đếm đồng bộ?

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5/ Vẽ mạch đếm đồng bộ 2 bit đếm lên, giải thích nguyên lý hoạt động.
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6/ Vẽ mạch đếm đồng bộ 2 bit đếm xuống, giải thích nguyên lý hoạt
động.
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5.3. Trang thiết bị thực hành

IC 74LS00; IC 74LS74; IC 74LS93; IC 74LS90; IC 74LS76; IC
74LS192; IC 7408; LED; DIP; R 330 Ω; R 1 kΩ; Test board.
KIT thực tập Kỹ thuật số.
Dao động ký; VOM.
Máy tính có phần mềm Proteus.
5.4. Tóm tắt lý thuyết
Thí nghiệm này giới thiệu mạch đếm không đồng bộ, mạch đếm
đồng bộ, mạch đếm BCD và mạch đếm nhị phân.
5.4.1. IC đếm 74LS93
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC đếm nhị phân 4 bit.
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Hình 5.1: Sơ đồ chân-ký hiệu IC 74LS93.
Bảng 5.1: Bảng chức năng IC 74LS93
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5.4.2. IC đếm 74LS90
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC đếm BCD.
Hình 5.2: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu IC 74LS90.

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5.4.3. IC đếm 74LS192
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC đếm BCD (Đếm lên,
đếm xuống và đặt trước số đếm).
Hình 5.3: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu IC 74LS192.

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5.5. Các bước thực tập
5.5.1. Mạch đếm không đồng bộ 2 bit.
Mạch đếm lên không đồng bộ (0-1-2-3) dùng D flip - flop
Hình 5.4: Mạch đếm lên không đồng bộ.

Mạch đếm xuống không đồng bộ (3-2-1-0) dùng D flip - flop
Hình 5.5: Mạch đếm xuống không đồng bộ.
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Hình 5.6: Mạch đếm mod không đồng bộ.
5.5.2. Mạch đếm dùng IC 74LS93
Mạch đếm nhị phân mod 10 dùng IC 74LS93
Hình 5.7: Mạch đếm nhị phân mod 10.
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5.5.3. Mạch đếm đồng bộ.
Mạch đếm đồng bộ 2 bit
Hình 5.8: Mạch đếm đồng bộ 2 bit.

Mạch đếm đồng bộ 3 bit
Hình 5.9: Mạch đếm đồng bộ 3 bit.
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5.6. Báo cáo thực tập
5.6.1. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.4
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5.6.7. Thiết kế một bộ đếm đếm 0-1-3-2 và ở trạng thái 2 cho đến khi
nhấn nút đặt lại. Sử dụng flip-flop J-K.
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5.6.8. Thiết kế một bộ đếm đếm 0-1-3-2-6-4. Sử dụng flip-flop J-K.
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5.6.9. Thiết kế một bộ đếm đếm 1-3-2-6-4-12-8-9. Sử dụng flip-flop J-K.

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5.7. Bài tập

1. Tại sao J-K flip-flop linh hoạt hơn để thiết kế bộ đếm đồng bộ với
trình tự không đều?
2. Vẽ bảng chuyển tiếp cho J-K flip-flop. Bắt đầu bằng cách hiển thị tất
cả các chuyển đổi đầu ra có thể có và xem xét đầu vào nào phải được đặt
trên J-K để bắt buộc quá trình chuyển đổi.
3. Vẽ bảng chuyển tiếp cho T flip-flop. Bắt đầu bằng cách hiển thị tất cả
các chuyển đổi đầu ra có thể có và xem xét đầu vào nào phải được đặt
trên T để bắt buộc quá trình chuyển đổi.
4. Vẽ bảng chuyển tiếp cho D flip-flop. Bắt đầu bằng cách hiển thị tất cả
các chuyển đổi đầu ra có thể có và xem xét đầu vào nào phải được đặt
trên D để bắt buộc quá trình chuyển đổi.
5. Giả sử 7493A được thay thế bằng 7492A trong các trường hợp nào?
6. Thiết kế mạch đếm BCD từ 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-7-6-5-4 dừng lại.
7. Thiết kế mạch đếm BCD từ 8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1-2-3-5 dừng lại.
8. Thiết kế mạch đếm BCD từ 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 ba chu kỳ rồi dừng tại 4
của chu kỳ bốn.
9. Thiết kế mạch đếm BCD từ 8-7-6-5-4-3-2 ba chu kỳ rồi dừng tại 4 của
chu kỳ bốn.
26
10. Thiết kế mạch đếm BCD hai chiều từ 8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1.
27

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BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 5

4/ Trình bày các bước thiết kế mạch đếm đồng bộ?

5.3. Trang thiết bị thực hành

Hình 5.2: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu IC 74LS90.

Hình 5.3: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu IC 74LS192.

Hình 5.4: Mạch đếm lên không đồng bộ.

Hình 5.5: Mạch đếm xuống không đồng bộ.

Hình 5.7: Mạch đếm nhị phân mod 10.

Hình 5.8: Mạch đếm đồng bộ 2 bit.

Hình 5.9: Mạch đếm đồng bộ 3 bit.

5.6.2. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.5

5.6.3. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.6

5.6.4. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.7

5.6.5. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.8

5.6.6. Giải thích mạch trong hình 5.9

5.6.8. Thiết kế một bộ đếm đếm 0-1-3-2-6-4. Sử dụng flip-flop J-K.

5.6.9. Thiết kế một bộ đếm đếm 1-3-2-6-4-12-8-9. Sử dụng flip-flop J-K.

5.7. Bài tập

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