BÀI THỰC HÀNH SỐ 1

HỆ THỐNG SỐ VÀ CỔNG LOGIC

1.1. Mục tiêu
Sau khi hoàn thành bài thí nghiệm này, SV có thể:
Chuyển đổi số nhị phân hoặc số thập phân sang số BCD;
Xây dựng hệ thống kỹ thuật số giải mã một số BCD và hiển thị nó
trên led bảy đoạn;
Xác định bằng thực nghiệm các bảng trạng thái cho các cổng logic
cơ bản;
Sử dụng các cổng NAND và NOR để xây dựng các các cổng logic
cơ bản còn lại.

1.2. Câu hỏi chuẩn bị

1/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng NAND?

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2/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng NOT?

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3/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng AND?
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4/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng OR?

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5/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng NOR?

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6/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng EX-OR?

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7/ Ký hiệu – phương trình – bảng trạng thái của cổng EX-NOR?

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8/ Trình bày các bước thiết kế mạch tổ hợp logic.

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9/ Giải mã cho hai loại led 7 đoạn.

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1.3. Trang thiết bị thực hành

IC 74LS08; IC 74LS 32; IC 74LS14; IC 74LS00; IC 74LS02; IC
74LS86; IC 74LS266; LED 7 đoạn; DIP; R 330 Ω; R 1 kΩ;
KIT thực tập Kỹ thuật số.
Dao động ký; VOM.
Máy tính có phần mềm Proteus.
1.4. Tóm tắt lý thuyết
Thí nghiệm này giới thiệu mạch tổ hợp logic đơn giản. Mạch hiển thị
số nhị phân, bát phân và số BCD. Cổng logic cơ bản được tạo thành từ
cổng đa năng NAND, NOR.
1.4.1. IC cổng AND 74LS08
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng AND hai ngõ
vào.

Hình 1.1: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS08.

1.4.2. IC cổng OR 74LS32
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng OR hai ngõ vào.

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 Hình 1.2: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS32.
1.4.3. IC cổng NOT 74LS14
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng NOT.

Hình 1.3: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS14.

1.4.4. IC cổng NAND 74LS00
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng NAND hai ngõ
vào.

Hình 1.4: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS00.

1.4.5. IC cổng NOR 74LS02

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 Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng NOR hai ngõ
vào.

Hình 1.5: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS02.

1.4.6. IC cổng EX-OR 74LS86
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng EX-OR hai ngõ
vào.

Hình 1.6: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS86.

1.4.7. IC cổng EX-NOR 74LS266
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC cổng EX-NOR hai
ngõ vào.

Hình 1.7: Sơ đồ chân - ký hiệu và bảng chức năng IC 74LS266.

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1.4.8. IC giải mã led 7 đoạn 74LS47
Sơ đồ chân – ký hiệu và bảng chức năng của IC giải mã led 7 đoạn
loại Anode chung.

Hình 1.8: Sơ đồ chân-ký hiệu IC 74LS47.

Bảng 1.1: Bảng chức năng IC 74LS47

1.4.9. IC giải mã led 7 đoạn CD4511

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 Hình 1.9: Sơ đồ chân-ký hiệu IC 74LS47.

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 Bảng 1.2: Bảng chức năng IC CD4511

1.4.10. Led 7 đoạn

Led 7 đoạn loại Cathode chung và loại Anode chung.

Hình 1.10: Sơ đồ chân led 7 đoạn.

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1.5. Các bước thực tập
1.5.1. Mạch hiển thị số BCD
Số nhị phân 4 bit từ 0000 đến 1001 từ DIP. Nhị phân các số từ 0000
đến 1001 được chuyển đổi sang BCD và hiển thị trên led 7 đoạn.

Hình 1.11: Mạch hiển thị số BCD.

1.5.2. Mạch hiển thị số bát phân
Hình 1.6 cho thấy một giản đồ đã hoàn thành một phần của mạch chuyển
đổi mã nhị phân sang bát phân. Bộ cộng phải thêm 0000 vào số nhị phân
(0000 – 1000) nhưng thêm 1000 vào số nhị phân nếu nó lớn hơn 1000 để
chuyển đổi số nhị phân 4 bit thành số bát phân.

Hình 1.12: Mạch hiển thị số bát phân.

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1.5.3. Mạch logic dùng cổng NAND và NOR.
Chúng ta chỉ cần xem xét mỗi trạng thái ngõ vào cho ngõ ra tương
ứng. Viết biểu thức Boolean cho mạch khảo sát.

Hình 1.13: Mạch logic đơn giản NAND và NOR.

1.5.4. Mạch logic dùng cổng EX-OR.
Chúng ta chỉ cần xem xét mỗi trạng thái ngõ vào cho ngõ ra tương
ứng. Viết biểu thức Boolean cho mạch khảo sát.

Hình 1.14: Mạch logic đơn giản dùng cổng EX-OR.

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 1.5.5. Mạch phát hiện không phải số BCD

Hình 1.15: Mạch phát hiện không phải số BCD.

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1.6. Báo cáo thực tập
1.6.1. Hoàn thành bảng sau.

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1.6.2. Hoàn thành và giải thích mạch trong hình 1.12.
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1.6.3. Hoàn thành bảng sau.

Từ sơ đồ mạch hình 1.13. Kết quả đầu ra có thể được đọc trực tiếp từ đèn
LED. Giả sử đèn LED bật biểu thị logic 1 và đèn LED tắt biểu thị logic
0.

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1.6.4. Giải thích mạch trong hình 1.14
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1.6.5. Hoàn thành bảng sau.

Từ sơ đồ mạch hình 1.15. Kết quả đầu ra có thể được đọc trực tiếp từ đèn
LED.

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1.6.6. Thiết kế mạch tổ hợp logic như sau: Mạch hiển thị led 7 đoạn
Anode chung theo yêu cầu số 0 1 2 3.
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1.6.7. Thiết kế mạch tổ hợp logic như sau: Mạch hiển thị led 7 đoạn
Cathode chung theo yêu cầu số 4 5 6 7.
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1.7. Bài tập

1. Giải thích sự khác biệt giữa số nhị phân và số BCD.

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2. Chuyển đổi mỗi số được hiển thị thành các cơ số khác:

3. Số thập phân 85 bằng 125 trong một hệ thống số khác. Tìm cơ số của
125.
4. Số thập phân 341 bằng 155 trong một hệ thống số khác. Tìm cơ số của
155.

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