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Summary of the Document: Material Balance Equation and Solution Technique Using Production and
PVT Data

The document discusses a new approach to analyzing the Material Balance Equation (MBE) by intro-
ducing a time variable in terms of the derivative of the MBE. This method allows for the simultaneous
determination of the initial oil-in-place (N), the ratio of initial gas to oil (m), reservoir permeability (K),
and the average pressure decline history of a reservoir from just the cumulative production history and
PVT data without any pressure data.

1. Introduction
The Material Balance Equation (MBE) is a widely used method for estimating reserves in oil and gas
reservoirs. It allows for critical decisions concerning depletion plans and development strategies regarding
the reservoir. The MBE makes estimates by considering different time intervals and the average reservoir
pressure.

2. Derivation of Equations

Material Balance Equation

The document presents the Material Balance Equation as given by Schilthuis (1) which is a function of
the initial oil-in-place (N), the ratio of initial gas to oil (m), reservoir permeability (K), and the average
pressure decline history of a reservoir.
Dynamic Material Balance Equation and Solution Technique
The current study introduces a time variable into the classical MBE and combines the solutions of
the resulting equations with the theory of pressure transient analysis. This allows for the simultaneous
determination of the initial oil-in-place (N), the ratio of initial gas to oil (m), reservoir permeability (K),
and the average pressure decline history of a reservoir from just the cumulative production history and
PVT data without any pressure data.

3. Cubic Spline Application

The document discusses the use of spline curve theory to evaluate cubic splines for each of the reservoir
fluid properties. This method allows for the estimation of the derivative of each of the PVT properties at
any desired pressure. By taking the PVT data of the reservoir fluid and fitting a cubic spline curve on each
of the parameters, a representative pressure equation for each of the properties can be obtained. These
equations can then be inculcated into the solution routine in determining the average reservoir pressure

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at each time step, and also the value of N and m.

4. Derivatives Determination
The document presents the derivatives of each term in Equation (10) as defined in Equations (2) through
(5). These derivatives are used to estimate the rate of change of flowing bottomhole pressure with time
in Equation (49), which is the same as the rate of change of the average reservoir pressure with time as
indicated by Equation (41) since the analysis is in the PSS region.

5. Reservoir Permeability and Skin Estimation

The average reservoir pressure is conventionally estimated from pressure transient tests conducted on
individual wells. The document presents an alternative method for estimating the average reservoir
pressure from the PSS region of the pressure data. Under the PSS condition, the pressure measured at
the well at a certain time is given by Equation (29). The average reservoir pressure is then defined as
the volumetric average reservoir pressure required to evaluate the fluid properties in the material balance
equations.

6. Conclusions
The document presents two main conclusions:

A new method of analyzing the MBE is presented by introducing a time factor to the hitherto static tank
model equation. This approach enables the simultaneous determination of the initial oil-in-place (N), ratio
of initial gas to oil (m), and average pressure decline history of a reservoir from the reservoir production
history data and PVT data only without any pressure data.
Equations that allow the estimation from well rate history of each producing well in a fully developed
reservoir, the permeability and/or skin factor are also presented. These equations are useful for analyzing
production performance of well and estimating as a function of time, the skin factor from the well
production rate history. A field example is analyzed and the results showed the validity and usefulness of
the technique.

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