VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH

CITY
HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY

A REPORT ASSIGNMENT
IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Lecturer: Mr. LE MINH VIEN

Class: CC12 | Group 4
 Name Student ID
Lê Anh Khoa 2052533
Nguyễn Phan Tấn Lộc 2052156
Lê Đăng Khôi 2153478
Phạm Tuấn Kiệt 2152146
Nguyễn Hoàng Minh 2053225
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1
Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure P.4

Chapter 2

Chapter 5

Chapter 7
CHAPTER 1:
1/ How are a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital in an atom similar? How do they differ?
A/Similarity: occupied 2 electrons each and are spherical in nature; Difference: different energy level, 2S
orbital contains a nodal plane where 1s orbital does not have any node.

B/Similarity: occupied 3 electrons each and are spherical in nature; Difference: different energy level.
C/Similarity: occupied 2 electrons each and are two lobes in nature; Difference: not different.
D/Similarity: occupied 1 electron each and are spherical in nature; Difference: not different.

Explanation: Similarity: Both 1s and 2s orbitals occupied 2 electrons each and are spherical in nature.
Difference: 1s and 2s orbitals belong to different energy levels.
2S orbital contains a nodal plane where 1s orbital does not have any node.
2/ Determine the number of unpaired electrons in an atom of tellurium, Te (Z=52)
A/ 4 unpaired electrons.
B/1 unpaired electrons.
C/2 unpaired electrons.
D/3 unpaired electrons.
Explanation: Te has configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
So s2p4 has orbital notation: s [↑↓] p [↑↓], [↑], [↑] => Te contains two unpaired electrons
3/ How many orbitals in an atom can have each of the following designations: I/ 1s; II/ 4d; III/ 3p; IV/
n=3?
a/ I/ 1 orbital; II/5 orbitals; III/3 orbitals; IV/ 9 orbitals.
b/ I/ 2 orbitals; II/3 orbitals; III/5 orbitals; IV/ 9 orbitals.
c/ I/ 9 orbitals; II/3 orbitals; III/5 orbitals; IV/ 1 orbitals.
d/ a/ I/ 1 orbital; II/4 orbitals; III/3 orbitals; IV/ 3 orbitals.
Explanation: I/ 1s => l=0 => ml=0 => only 1 orbital
II/4d => n=4 but l=2 => ml=-2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2 => 5 orbitals
III/3p=> n=3 but l=1 => ml=-1, 0, 1 => 3 orbitals
IV/n=3 => l=0,1,2
With l=0 => ml =0
l=1 => ml= -1, 0, 1
l=2 => ml= -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
 There are nine ml => 9 orbitals
4/ Give all possible ml values for orbitals that have each of the following: I/ l=2; II/ n=1; III/ n=4, l=3.
A/ I/ ml=0 ,1 ,2; II/ ml=0; III/ ml=-3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2,3
B/ I/ ml=-2, -1, 0 ,1 ,2; II/ ml=0; III/ ml=-3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2,3
C/ I/ ml=0 ,1 ,2; II/ ml=1; III/ ml=-3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2,3
D/ I/ ml=-2, -1, 0 ,1 ,2; II/ ml=1; III/ ml=-3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2,3
Explanation: I/ l=2 => ml = -2, -1, 0, 1,2
II/ n=1 => l=0 => ml=0
III/n=4, l=3 => ml=-3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2,3
5/ What values of the angular momentum (l) and magnetic (ml) quantum numbers are allowed for a
principal quantum number (n) of 3? How many orbitals exist for n=3?
A/ l=0,1,2,3; ml=-3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3; 9 orbitals.
B/ l=0,1,2 ml=-2, -1,0,1,2; 16 orbitals.
C/l=0,1,2,3; ml=0; 25 orbitals.
D/l=0,1,2; ml=-2, -1, 0, 1, 2; 9 orbitals.
Explanation: Because of n=3, the angular momentum and magnetic quantum numbers are allowed:
l=0,1,2; ml= -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
With l=0 => ml =0
l=1 => ml= -1, 0, 1
l=2 => ml= -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
 There are nine ml, so there are nine orbitals for n=3
6/State Hund’s Rule. Would any of the following electron configurations violate this rule:
I) 1s2
II) 1s22s22px2
III) 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1
IV) 1s2 2s2 2px1 2pz1
V) 1s2 2px2 2py1 2pz1
A/II
B/I
C/II, IV, V
D/ none of them are correct
Explanation: Hund’s rule states that: every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied before any orbital is
doubly occupied
I) 1s2 =>[↑↓] = > don’t violate this rule
II) 1s22s22px2 => p orbitals: p x [↑↓] p y [] p z [] => violate this rule=> one electron in px must be in py

III/1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 => p orbitals: p x [↑] p y [↑] p z [] => doesn’t violate this rule
IV/1s2 2s2 2px1 2pz1 => p orbitals: p x [↑] p y [] p z [↑] => doesn’t violate this rule
V) 1s2 2px2 2py1 2pz1 => p orbitals: p x [↑↓] p y [↑] p z [↑] and it doesn’t have 2s orbital => don’t violate
Hund’s rule but violate Aufbau principle (2s has energy = 2+0=2; 2p has energy = 2+1=3, so we need to
fill 2s before 2p)
7/ State the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Would any of the following electron configurations violate this
rule: I) 1s2;
II)1s2 2p7;
III) 1s3
A/ II, III
B/I
C/I, II, III
D/None of them are correct
Explanation: I/ 1s2 [↑↓] => doesn’t violate Pauli Exclusion Principle
II/ 2p7: [↑↓] [↑↓] [↑↓↑] => Violate Pauli Exclusion Principle states that is the quantum mechanical principle
which states that two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state

III/1s3: [↑↓↑] Violate Pauli Exclusion Principle states that is the quantum mechanical principle which states
that two or more identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state

8/ For each of the following sublevels, give the n and l values and the number of orbitals: I/ 5s; II/ 3p; III/ 4f

A/ n=5, l=1, 1 orbital; n=3, l=1, 3 orbitals; n=4, l=3, 3 orbitals

B/ n=5, l=0, 1 orbital; n=3, l=1, 3 orbitals; n=4, l=3, 7 orbitals.

C/ n=5, l=0, 1orbital; n=3, l=0, 3 orbitals; n=4, l=3, 3 orbitals

C/ n=5, l=0, 1orbital; n=3, l=1, 3 orbitals; n=4, l=3, 3 orbitals

Explanation: I/ 5s =>n=5 and l=0 => ml=0 => 1 orbital

II/ 3p => n=3 and l =1 => ml = -1, 0, 1 => 3 orbitals

III/ 4f => n=4 and l =3 =>ml = -3, -2, -1 ,0 ,1 ,2 ,3 => 7 orbitals

9/The quantum numbers of the last electron of atom (Z = 30): (electrons are filled in orbitals in the following
order of ml from –l to + l)

A/ n = 3, l = 2, ml= -2, ms = +1/2

B/ n = 4, l = 0, ml = 0, ms = +1/2 and - 1/2

C/ n = 3, l = 2, ml= +2, ms = -1/2

D/ n = 4, l = 0, ml= 1, ms = +1/2 and - ½

Explanation:Zn has configuration [Ar]3d104s2 .The last electron of Zn is in 3d10 [↑↓][↑↓][↑↓][↑↓][↑↓]

The last electron has n=3, L=2, mL=2, ms=-1/2

For a certain orbital, n = 3, l = 2, ml = +1. What type of orbital is this?

A / 3s

B/ 3p

C/ 3d

D/3f

Explanation: Because The 3d has l=2 and 3s, 3d, 3f can’t have l=2 , So, the answer is C

CHAPTER 2:

11/ Choose the WRONG answer. Compare ionization energy. (Let 11Na, 12Mg, 13Al, 15P, 16S, 10Ne )

A. IE1: IAl < IMg < IS < IP

B. IE1(Na) < IE1(Na+) < IE1 (Ne)

C. IE2(Na) > IE2(Mg)

D. IE3(Mg) > IE3(Al)

Explanation : B. Na+ will have a higher ionisation enthalpy simply because Na has an atomic
number of 11, meaning 11 protons while Ne has 10 meaning 10 protons. Given the same
number of electrons, 10, as in this case, the one with the higher number of protons will have
higher effective nuclear charge and thus smaller size.
12/ Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy?
A.Si
B.Na
C.Al
D.Mg
Explanation: B. After the 1st Ionization, the electron configuration:
Na+: 1s22s22p6
Mg+: 1s22s22p63s1
Al+: 1s22s22p63s2
Si+: 1s22s22p63s23p1
The atomic radius of Na+ is the smallest one (period 2 compared to period 3) so Na has the largest 2nd
ionization energy.
13/ In general, as you go across a period in the periodic table from left to right:
(1) the first ionization energy __________.
(2) the electron affinity becomes __________ negative; and
(3) the atomic radius __________;
A. increases, increasingly, increases
B. decreases, increasingly, decreases
C. decreases, decreasingly, increases
D. increases, increasingly, decreases
Explanation: D. Left to right: The atomic radius (atomic size) becomes smaller and metallic properties
become smaller too.
14/ Atom X has 3 electron shells. In a ground state, there are 3 single electrons in the outermost shell.
Find X?
A/ O
B/ N
C/ P
D/ Cl
Explanation: C. P: 1s22s22p63s23p3 has 3 e- shells, 3 single e- in 3p sub-shell
15/Which element has the largest atomic radius?
A/Li
B/Na
C/Rb
D/F

Explanation: Because atomic radius increase bot to bottom down a group and increase left to right across a
period. The answer is C

16. Which element has the smallest atomic radius?

A/ Ca2+
B/K+
C/Cl-
D/P3-

Explantaion: The periodic table is arranged in the order of increasing proton number. Phosphorus comes the
first among the five species and contains the least number of protons. Its ion would be the largest among the
five. Calcium comes the last and forms the smallest ion.

17/ Consider the following electron configurations:

(i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is
A/i
B/ii
C/iii
D/iv
Second ion energy so electron configurations of
i: 1s2 2s2 2p6
ii: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
iii: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
iv: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
v: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Explanation: So the smallest second ionization is ii

18/In these atoms and ions, which one has an electron configuration of an outer shell of 3s2 3p6 :
a. X (Z = 17)
b. X ( Z = 19)
c. X - ( Z = 17)
d. X + ( Z = 20)

Explanation: Because the ion has electron configuration of an outer shell 3s2 3p6 so the atom must have Z=17

19/ The electron configuration of cobalt (Z = 27) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d7 4s2 . How many unpaired
electrons are in Co3+ ion in its ground state?
a. 0
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
The orbital configuraton of Co3+ is 3d6: [↑↓][↑][↑][↑][↑] So there are 4 unpaired electrons.

20. An element with the electron configuration [Xe]4f145d76s2 is:

A/an alkaline earth element
B/ a transition element
C/an inert gas
D/a rare earth
Explanation: An element with the electron configuration [Xe]4f145d76s2 is a transition element because
valence electron lies in d orbital.

CHAPTER 5:

21/ At elevated temperatures, molecular hydrogen and molecular bromine react to partially form
hydrogen bromide:

H2(g) + Br2(g) ↔ 2HBr(g)

A mixture of 0.682 mol of H2 and 0.440 mol of Br2 is combined in a reaction vessel with a volume of 2.00
L. At equilibrium at 700 K, there are 0.566 mol of H2 present. At equilibrium, there are __________ mol
of Br2 present in the reaction vessel.

A) 0.440

B) 0.566

C) 0.232

D) 0.324

Explanation: D. n~P so we can use molecular (n) numbers. We can find there are 0.682-0.566=0.116 mol
of H2 reacted. So there are 0.44-0.116=0.324 mol of Br2 present in the reaction vessel at equilibrium.

22/ A sealed 1.0 L flask is charged with 0.500 mol of I2 and 0.500 mol of Br2 . An equilibrium reaction
ensues:

I2 (g)+Br2 (g)↔ 2IBr (g)

When the container contents achieve equilibrium, the flask contains 0.84 mol of IBr. The value of Keq is
_________.

A) 11

B) 4.0

C) 110

D) 6.1

Explanation: C. The volumetric value is 1L so n≡P. Keq = [Ibr]2/([I2].[Br2]) = (0.84)2/[(0.5-0.84/2)2] =

110.25~110

23/ Calculate Kc for each of the following equilibria:

(a) CO(g) + Cl2(g) ↔ COCl2(g); Kp 3.9x10-2 at 1000. K
(b) S2(g) + C(s) ↔ CS2(g); Kp 28.5 at 500. K
A. a/3.2 b/28.5
B. a/3.2 b/57
C. a/6.4 b/28.5
D. a/6.4 b/57
Explanation: A. Kc=Kp/(RT)∆n , so we place numbers Kp and T with R=22.4/273 so we got Kc value for
a and b reactions: 3.2 and 28.5 respectively.

24/ Giving these reactions:

(1) N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌2NO(g) o > 0

(2) N2(g) + 3H2(g)⇌2NH3(g) o < 0

(3) MgCO3(s)⇌MgO(s) + CO2(g) o > 0

Which of above reactions transfer in forward direction in high temperature and high pressure?

A. Reaction (1)

B. Reaction (2)

C. Reaction (3)

D. Reaction (1) and (2)

Explanation: A. When we increase the temperature, the reactions (1) and (3) tend to go forward (o>0)

When we increase the pressure, the reaction goes in the direction of decreasing the number of moles of
gas (2), especially (1) not changes.

 In combination, in high temperature and high pressure, only (1) transfer in forward direction.