SMK Abu Bakar

Additional Mathematics Form 4

Chapter 3 – Systems of Equations
Answer

Self Practice 3.1

1. Form linear equations in three variables for the following statement.

Aiman bought 3 pairs of trousers, 2 shirts and a pair of shoes.

He spent RM750 for all his purchases.

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = trouser
𝑦 = shirt
𝑧 = shoe
Linear equations:
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 750

2. Explain whether the following equations are systems of linear equations in three variables.
(a) 2𝑚 + 6(𝑛 − 2𝑝) = 4 (b) 𝑒(12 − 6g) = 𝑓 2 (c) 7𝑎 − 𝑐 = 6𝑏
𝑛 = 5𝑚 + 𝑝 8𝑒 + 6 − 2𝑓 − 9g = 0 3 − 4𝑐 = 10𝑎 + 𝑏
2𝑚 17𝑓 + 𝑒 = 6 + 2𝑒 𝑎
4𝑚 + 𝑝 = + 3𝑏 = 2(𝑐 + 𝑏)
5 6

Answer:
(a) Yes,
because all three equations
have three variables, m, n
and p where the power of
the variables is 1. The
equation has zero n value.
(b) No,
because there are equations
with have the variable of
power of 2.
(c) Yes,
because all three equations
have three variables, a, b
and c where the power of
the variables is 1.

1 Systems of Equations
Self Practice 3.2

1. Solve the following systems of linear equations using the elimination method.
(a) 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 16 (b) 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −8 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −7
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7𝑧 = 0 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5

Answer:
(a) 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 16 -----① (b) 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 1 -----①
3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −8 -----② 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 4𝑧 = −7 -----②
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7𝑧 = 0 -----③ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5 -----③
① + ②: 10𝑥 − 𝑧 = 8 -----④ ② × 4: 4𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 16𝑧 = −28 -----④
② × 3: 9𝑥 − 15𝑦 + 6𝑧 = −24 -----⑤ ④ − ①: 14𝑦 − 19𝑧 = −29 -----⑤
③ × 5: 25𝑥 + 15𝑦 − 35𝑧 = 0 -----⑥ ② × 3: 3𝑥 + 9𝑦 − 12𝑧 = −21 -----⑥
⑤ + ⑥: 34𝑥 − 29𝑧 = −24 -----⑦ ⑥ − ③: 8𝑦 − 14𝑧 = −26
④ × 29: 290𝑥 − 29𝑧 = 232 -----⑧ 4𝑦 − 7𝑧 = −13 -----⑦
⑧ − ⑦: 256𝑥 = 256 ⑤ × 4: 56𝑦 − 76𝑧 = −116 -----⑧
𝑥=1 ⑦ × 14: 56𝑦 − 98𝑧 = −182 -----⑨
Substitute 𝑥 = 1 into ⑦. ⑧ − ⑨: 22𝑧 = 66
34(1) − 29𝑧 = −24 𝑧=3
34 − 29𝑧 = −24 Substitute 𝑧 = 3 into ⑧.
29𝑧 = 58 56𝑦 − 76(3) = −116
𝑧=2 56𝑦 − 228 = −116
Substitute 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑧 = 2 into ③. 56𝑦 = 11258
5(1) + 3𝑦 − 7(2) = 0 𝑦=2
5 + 3𝑦 − 14 = 0 Substitute 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑧 = 3 into②.
3𝑦 = 9 𝑥 + 3(2) − 4(3) = −7
𝑦=3 𝑥 + 6 − 12 = −7
𝑥 = −1

2 Systems of Equations
2. Solve the following systems of linear equations using the substitution method.
(a) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −2 (b) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 16
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = −3 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 12
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −12 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 20

Answer:
(a) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −2 -----① (b) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 16 -----①
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = −3 -----② 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 12 -----②
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −12 -----③ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 20 -----③
From ②, 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 3 -----④ From ②, 𝑥 = 2𝑧 − 4𝑦 + 12 -----④
Substitute ④ into ①. Substitute ④ into ①.
2(𝑦 + 𝑧 − 3) + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −2 2(2𝑧 − 4𝑦 + 12) + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 16
2𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 6 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −2 4𝑧 − 8𝑦 + 24 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 16
3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 4 -----⑤ 6𝑧 − 5𝑦 = −8 -----⑤
Substitute ④ into ③. Substitute ④ into ③.
3(𝑦 + 𝑧 − 3) − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −12 (2𝑧 − 4𝑦 + 12) + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 20
3𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 9 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −12 2𝑧 − 4𝑦 + 12 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 20
𝑦 + 6𝑧 = −3 6𝑧 − 3𝑦 = 8
𝑦 = −6𝑧 − 3 -----⑥ 6𝑧 = 3𝑦 + 8 -----⑥
Substitute ⑥ into ⑤. Substitute ⑥ into ⑤.
3(−6𝑧 − 3) + 5𝑧 = 4 (3𝑦 + 8) − 5𝑦 = −8
−18𝑧 − 9 + 5𝑧 = 4 2𝑦 = 16
13𝑧 = −13 𝑦=8
𝑧 = −1 Substitute 𝑦 = 8 into ⑥.
Substitute 𝑧 = −1 into ⑥. 6𝑧 = 3(8) + 8
𝑦 = −6(−1) − 3 6𝑧 = 32
𝑦=3 16
𝑧=
Substitute 𝑦 = 3 and 𝑧 = −1 into ②. 3
16
𝑥 − 3 − (−1) = −3 Substitute 𝑦 = 8 and 𝑧 = into ③.
3
𝑥 = −1 16
𝑥 + 8 + 4 ( ) = 20
3
28
𝑥=−
3

3 Systems of Equations
Self Practice 3.3

1. Patricia invested RM24 500 in three unit trusts. She divided the money into three different unit trust
accounts, P, Q and R. At the end of the year, she obtained a profit of RM1 300. The annual dividends for
the accounts are 4%, 5.5% and 6% respectively. The final amount of money in account P is four times
that in account Q. How much money did she invest in each unit trust account?

Answer:
Linear equations:
𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 24 500 -----①
4𝑝 + 5.5𝑞 + 6𝑟 = 130 000 -----②
𝑝 = 4𝑞 -----③
Substitute ③ into ①.
4𝑞 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 24 500
5𝑞 + 𝑟 = 24 500
𝑟 = 24 500 − 5𝑞 -----④
Substitute ③ & ④ into ②.
4(4𝑞) + 5.5𝑞 + 6(24 500 − 5𝑞) = 130 000
16𝑞 + 5.5𝑞 + 147 000 − 30𝑞 = 130 000
8.5𝑞 = 17 000
𝑞 = 2 000
Substitute 𝑞 = 2 000 into ③,
𝑝 = 4(2 000)
𝑝 = 8 000
Substitute 𝑞 = 2 000 into ④,
𝑟 = 24 500 − 5(2 000)
𝑟 = 14 500

P = RM8 000, Q = RM2 000 and R = RM14 500.

4 Systems of Equations
2. Billy Restaurant ordered 200 stalks of flowers in conjunction with Mother’s Day. They ordered
carnations which cost RM1.50 per stalk, roses which cost RM5.75 per stalk and daisies which cost
RM2.60 per stalk. Of the three types of flowers ordered, the number of carnations was the largest.
Meanwhile, the number of roses was 20 stalks less than that of daisies. The total price of the flowers is
RM589.50. How many flowers of each type were ordered?

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = carnations
𝑦 = roses
𝑧 = daisies
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 200 -----①
1.5𝑥 + 5.75𝑦 + 2.6𝑧 = 589.5 -----②
𝑦 + 20 = 𝑧 -----③
Substitute ③ into ①,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + (𝑦 + 20) = 200
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 180
𝑥 = 180 − 2𝑦 -----④
Substitute ③ & ④ into ②,
1.5(180 − 2𝑦) + 5.75𝑦 + 2.6(𝑦 + 20) = 589.5
270 − 3𝑦 + 5.75𝑦 + 2.6𝑦 + 52 = 589.5
5.35𝑦 = 267.5
𝑦 = 50
Substitute 𝑦 = 50 into ③,
50 + 20 = 𝑧
𝑧 = 70
Substitute 𝑦 = 50 into ④,
𝑥 = 180 − 2(50)
𝑥 = 80

Carnations = 80, roses = 50, daisies = 70.

5 Systems of Equations
3. Ramasamy wants to buy pens, pencils and notebooks for the new school term. He has RM102 to spend.
The price of a pen is RM5, a pencil RM3, and a notebook RM9. Ramasamy intends to spend the same
amount of money on pens and pencils. The total number of pens and pencils to be purchased must be
equal to the number of notebooks to be purchased. How many of each item will he purchase? Write a
system of equations to solve this problem.

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = pens
𝑦 = pencils
𝑧 = notebooks
Linear equations:
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 102 -----①
5𝑥 = 3𝑦 -----②
𝑥+𝑦 =𝑧 -----③
Substitute ③ into ①,
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 9(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 102
5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 9𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 102
14𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 102
7𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 51 -----④
②×2: 10𝑥 = 6𝑦 -----⑤
Substitute ⑤ into ④,
7𝑥 + (10𝑥) = 51
17𝑥 = 51
𝑥=3
Substitute 𝑥 = 3 into ④,
7(3) + 6𝑦 = 51
6𝑦 = 30
𝑦=5
Substitute 𝑥 = 3 & 𝑦 = 5 into ③,
3+5=𝑧
𝑧=8

Pens = 3, pencils = 5, notebooks = 8.

6 Systems of Equations
Intensive Practice 3.1

1. Form systems of linear equations for the following situations and answer the questions given.
(a) The sum of angles in a triangle is 180°. The largest angle is 20° more than the sum of the other two
angles and is 10° more than three times the smallest angle. What is the measure of each angle of the
triangle?
(b) The sum of three numbers is 19. If the first number is multiplied by 2, the sum of the three numbers is
22, and if the second number is multiplied by 2, the sum becomes 25. Find the value of each number.

Answer:
(a) Linear equations: (b) Linear equations:

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 180 -----① 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 19 -----①

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 20 = 𝑧 -----② 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 22 -----②
3𝑥 + 10 = 𝑧 -----③ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 25 -----③
Substitute ③ into ②, ③ − ①: 𝑦 = 6
3𝑥 + 10 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 20 Substitute 𝑦 = 6 into ①,
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 10 -----④ 𝑥 + (6) + 𝑧 = 19
Substitute ③ & ④ into ①, 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 13 -----④
𝑥 + (2𝑥 − 10) + (3𝑥 + 10) = 180 Substitute 𝑦 = 6 into ②,
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 10 + 3𝑥 + 10 = 180 2𝑥 + (6) + 𝑧 = 22
6𝑥 = 180 𝑧 = 16 − 2𝑥 -----⑤
𝑥 = 30 Substitute ⑤ into ④,
Substitute 𝑥 = 30 into ④, 𝑥 + (16 − 2𝑥) = 13
𝑦 = 2(30) − 10 𝑥=3
𝑦 = 50 Substitute 𝑥 = 3 into ④,
Substitute 𝑥 = 30 into ③, (3) + 𝑧 = 13
𝑧 = 3(30) + 10 𝑧 = 10
𝑧 = 100
3, 6, 10
100, 50, 30

7 Systems of Equations
2. Solve the following equations using the elimination and substitution methods.
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 (b) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 7 (c) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3
𝑥+𝑧 =2 𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 =2 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 2 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2

(d) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6 (e) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4 (f) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4

3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5 𝑥−𝑦+𝑧 =1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 8 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2

Answer:
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 -----① (b) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 7 -----①
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 2 -----② 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 -----②
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5 -----③ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 2 -----③
①−②: 𝑦 = 1 ①+②: 3𝑥 = 9
③−①: 𝑥 = 2 𝑥=3
Substitute 𝑥 = 2 into ②. ②+③: 2𝑥 − 2𝑧 = 4
(2) + 𝑧 = 2 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 2 -----④
𝑧=0 Substitute 𝑥 = 3 into ④.
(3) − 𝑧 = 2
𝑧=1
Substitute 𝑥 = 3 & 𝑧 = 1 into ②.
(3) − 𝑦 + (1) = 2
𝑦=2

8 Systems of Equations
(c) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 -----① (d) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6 -----①
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 6 -----② 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 2 -----②
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 2 -----③ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 8 -----③
②−①: 𝑥 − 2𝑧 = 3 ②+①: 5𝑥 = 8
𝑥 = 2𝑧 + 3 -----④ 8
𝑥=
②×2: 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 12 -----⑤ 5
⑤−③: 3𝑥 − 5𝑧 = 10 -----⑥ ①×2: 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12 -----④
Substitute ④ into ⑥. ③+④: 5𝑥 − 2𝑧 = 20 -----⑤
3(2𝑧 + 3) − 5𝑧 = 10 8
Substitute 𝑥 = into ⑤.
6𝑧 + 9 − 5𝑧 = 10 5
8
𝑧=1 5 ( ) − 2𝑧 = 20
5
Substitute 𝑧 = 1 into ④. 8 − 2𝑧 = 20
𝑥 = 2(1) + 3 2𝑧 = −12
𝑥=5 𝑧 = −6
Substitute 𝑥 = 5 & 𝑧 = 1 into ①. 8
(5) + 𝑦 + (1) = 3 Substitute 𝑥 = & 𝑧 = −6 into ②.
5
𝑦 = −3 8
3 ( ) + 𝑦 − (−6) = 2
5
24
+𝑦+6=2
5
44
𝑦=−
5

(e) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4 -----① (f) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4 -----①

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 5 -----② 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 -----②
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 -----③ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2 -----③
②−①: 𝑧 = 1 ① − ②: 3𝑦 = 3
①×2: 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 8 -----④ 𝑦=1
④−③: 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6 -----⑤ ②×2: 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2 -----④
Substitute 𝑧 = 1 into ⑤. ③−④: 3𝑦 = 0 -----⑤
𝑦 + 3(1) = 6 𝑦=0
𝑦=3
Substitute 𝑦 = 3 & 𝑧 = 1 into ①. ∵ 𝑦 = 1 & 𝑦 = 0, ∴ no solution.
𝑥 + (3) + 2(1) = 4 (Linear equation only have one solution)
𝑥 = −1

9 Systems of Equations
3. A bakery bakes three types of bread, with the monthly cost being RM6 850 for 2 150 loaves of bread.
The cost of baking a loaf of butterscotch bread is RM2, a chocolate bread RM3 and a coconut bread
RM4. The sale prices of a loaf of butterscotch bread, a chocolate bread and a coconut bread are RM3,
RM4.50 and RM5.50 respectively. If the bakery makes a profit of RM2 975 monthly, how many loaves
of each type of bread will it bake?

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = butter
𝑦 = chocolate
𝑧 = coconut
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 150 -----①
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6 850 -----②
𝑥 + 1.5𝑦 + 1.5𝑧 = 2 975 -----③
From ①: 𝑥 = 2 150 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 -----④
Substitute ④ into ②,
2(2 150 − 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6 850
4 300 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6 850
𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2 550
𝑦 = 2 550 − 2𝑧 -----⑤
Substitute ④ into ③,
(2 150 − 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 1.5𝑦 + 1.5𝑧 = 2 975
2 150 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 + 1.5𝑦 + 1.5𝑧 = 2 975
0.5𝑦 + 0.5𝑧 = 825 -----⑥
Substitute ⑤ into ⑥,
0.5(2 550 − 2𝑧) + 0.5𝑧 = 825
1 275 − 𝑧 + 0.5𝑧 = 825
0.5𝑧 = 450
𝑧 = 900
Substitute 𝑧 = 900 into ⑤,
𝑦 = 2 550 − 2(900)
𝑦 = 750
Substitute 𝑦 = 750 & 𝑧 = 900 into ①,
𝑥 + (750) + (900) = 2 150
𝑥 = 500

Butter = 500, chocolate = 750, coconut = 900.

10 Systems of Equations
4. Andrea sells flower pots of different sizes. The price of a small flower pot is RM10, medium flower pot
RM15 and large flower pot RM40. Every month, the number of small flower pots sold is equal to the total
number of the medium and large flower pots sold. The number of medium flower pots sold is twice the
number of large flower pots sold. Andrea needs to pay a rent of RM300 per month for her business
premise. What are the minimum numbers of pots of each size which Andrea has to sell in a month so that
she can pay the monthly rent?

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = small
𝑦 = medium
𝑧 = large
Linear equations:
10𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 40𝑧 = 300 -----①
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 𝑧 -----②
𝑦 = 2𝑧 -----③
Substitute ③ into ②,
𝑥 = (2𝑧) + 𝑧
𝑥 = 3𝑧 -----④
Substitute ③ & ④ into ①,
10(3𝑧) + 15(2𝑧) + 40𝑧 = 300
30𝑧 + 30𝑧 + 40𝑧 = 300
100𝑧 = 300
𝑧=3
Substitute 𝑧 = 3 into ④,
𝑥 = 3(3)
𝑥=9
Substitute 𝑧 = 3 into ③,
𝑦 = 2(3)
𝑦=6

Small = 9, medium = 6, large = 3.

11 Systems of Equations
5. Mr Chong intends to purchase a few chickens, rabbits and ducks for his farm. The total number of
animals is 50. He has RM1 500 to be spent. A chicken costs RM20, a rabbit RM50 and a duck RM30.
The number of chickens is equal to the number of ducks. How many of each animal should Mr Chong
purchase? Write a system of linear equations to solve this problem.

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = chickens
𝑦 = rabbits
𝑧 = ducks
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 50 -----①
20𝑥 + 50𝑦 + 30𝑧 = 1 500 -----②
𝑥=𝑧 -----③
Substitute ③ into ①,
(𝑧) + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 50
𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 50 -----④
Substitute ③ into ②,
20(𝑧) + 50𝑦 + 30𝑧 = 1 500
50𝑦 + 50𝑧 = 1 500
𝑦 + 𝑧 = 30
𝑦 = 30 − 𝑧 -----⑤
Substitute ⑤ into ④,
(30 − 𝑧) + 2𝑧 = 50
𝑧 = 20
Substitute 𝑧 = 20 into ⑤,
𝑦 = 30 − (20)
𝑦 = 10
From ③, 𝑥 = 𝑧 = 20

Chickens = 20, rabbits = 10, ducks = 20.

12 Systems of Equations
Self Practice 3.4

1. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the elimination, substitution or graphical representation
method.
(a) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7 (b) 5𝑦 + 𝑥 = 1 (c) 𝑦 = 3 − 𝑥
𝑦 2 − 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 11 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 = −1 1 1
− =2
𝑥 𝑦

(d) 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 (e) 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 9 (f) 𝑥+𝑦−4=0

4 4𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 20𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 19 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 2
𝑥 + 2𝑦 =
𝑦

Answer:
(a) 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7 -----① (b) 5𝑦 + 𝑥 = 1 -----①
2 2
𝑦 − 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 11 -----② 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −1 -----②
From ①, 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 7 -----③ From ①, 𝑥 = 1 − 5𝑦 -----③
Substitute ③ into ②, Substitute ③ into ②,
(2𝑥 − 7)2 − 𝑥[𝑥 + (2𝑥 − 7)] = 11 (1 − 5𝑦) + 3𝑦 2 = −1
(2𝑥 − 7)2 − 𝑥[3𝑥 − 7] = 11 3𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 + 2 = 0
(4𝑥 2 − 28𝑥 + 49) − [3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥] = 11 (𝑦 − 1)(3𝑦 − 2) = 0
𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 + 38 = 0 𝑦−1=0 and 3𝑦 − 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 19) = 0 2
𝑦=1 𝑦=
𝑥−2=0 and 𝑥 − 19 = 0 3
𝑥=2 𝑥 = 19
From ③, when 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 = 1 − 5(1)
From ③, when 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2(2) − 7 𝑥 = −4
2 2
𝑦 = −3 when 𝑦 = , 𝑥 = 1 − 5 ( )
when 𝑥 = 19, 𝑦 = 2(19) − 7 3 3
7
𝑦 = 31 𝑥=−
3
7 2
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −3 and 𝑥 = 19, 𝑦 = 31 𝑥 = −4, 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑥 = − , 𝑦 =
3 3

13 Systems of Equations
(c) 𝑦 = 3−𝑥 -----① (d) 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 -----①
1 1 4
− =2 -----② 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = -----②
𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
2
② × 𝑦, 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 4 -----③
② × 𝑥𝑦, 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦 -----③ 1 − 5𝑦
From ①, 𝑥= -----④
Substitute ① into ③, 3
(3 − 𝑥) − 𝑥 = 2𝑥(3 − 𝑥) Substitute ④ into ③,
3 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 1 − 5𝑦
( ) 𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 = 4
2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 3 = 0 3
(1 − 5𝑦)𝑦 + 6𝑦 2 = 12
𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −8, 𝑐=3
𝑦 − 5𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 2 = 12
−(−8) ± √(−8)2 − 4(2)(3)
𝑥= 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 − 12 = 0
2(2)
(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 − 3) = 0
8 ± √40 𝑦+4=0 and 𝑦−3=0
𝑥=
4 𝑦 = −4 𝑦=3
8 − √40 8 + √40
𝑥= and 𝑥 =
4 4 1 − 5(−4)
𝑥 = 0.4189 and 𝑥 = 3.5811 From ④, when 𝑦 = −4, 𝑥 =
3
𝑥=7
From ①, when 𝑥 = 0.4189, 1 − 5(3)
𝑦 = 3 − (0.4189) when 𝑦 = 3, 𝑥 =
3
𝑦 = 2.5811 14
𝑥=−
when 𝑥 = 3.5811, 3
𝑦 = 3 − (3.5811)
𝑦 = −0.5811 14
𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = −4 and 𝑥 = − ,𝑦 = 3
3
𝑥 = 0.4189, 𝑦 = 2.5811 and
𝑥 = 3.5811, 𝑦 = −0.5811

14 Systems of Equations
(e) 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 9 -----①
2 2
4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 20𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 19 -----②
From ①, 4𝑦 = 9 − 2𝑥 -----③
From ②, 4𝑥 2 + (4𝑦)2 = 20𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 19 -----④
Substitute ③ into ④,
4𝑥 2 + (9 − 2𝑥)2 = 20𝑥 + (9 − 2𝑥) − 19
4𝑥 2 + 81 − 36𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 = 20𝑥 + 9 − 2𝑥 − 19
8𝑥 2 − 54𝑥 + 91 = 0
(2𝑥 − 7)(4𝑥 − 13) = 0
2𝑥 − 7 = 0 and 4𝑥 − 13 = 0
7 13
𝑥= and 𝑥=
2 4

7 7
From ③, when 𝑥 = , 4𝑦 = 9 − 2 ( )
2 2
4𝑦 = 2
1
𝑦=
2
13 13
when 𝑥 = , 4𝑦 = 9 − 2 ( )
4 4
5
4𝑦 =
2
5
𝑦=
8

7 1 13 5
𝑥= ,𝑦 = and 𝑥= ,𝑦 =
2 2 4 8

15 Systems of Equations
(f) 𝑥+𝑦−4 =0 -----①
2 2
𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 = 2 -----②
From ①, 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 -----③
Substitute ③ into ②,
𝑥 2 − (4 − 𝑥)2 − 2𝑥(4 − 𝑥) = 2
𝑥 2 − (16 − 8𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) − (8𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ) = 2
2𝑥 2 − 18 = 0
𝑥2 − 9 = 0
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
𝑥 + 3 = 0 and 𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥=3

From ③, when 𝑥 = −3, 𝑦 = 4 − (−3)

𝑦=7
when 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4 − (3)
𝑦=1

𝑥 = −3, 𝑦 = 7 and 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1

16 Systems of Equations
2. Solve the following simultaneous equations using the graphical representation method.
(a) Draw the graph for the following pairs of equations for the domain −5 ≤ x ≤ 5.
Hence, determine the solution to the simultaneous equations.
2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 1
𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 = 26
(b) Draw the graph for the following pairs of equations for the domain −3 ≤ x ≤ 4. Hence, determine the
solution to the simultaneous equations.
𝑥−𝑦 =2
4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 = 26
Answer:
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑥−𝑦 =2 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 = 26 -0.20 -2.50 -5.67 -11.00 -25.00 #DIV/0! 25.00 11.00 5.67 2.50 0.20

(a)

17 Systems of Equations
x -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
𝑥−𝑦 =2 -5 -4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 = 26 -- 1.35 1.87 2.19 2.40 2.51 2.55 2.51 2.40 2.19 1.87 1.35 -- -- --

(b)

18 Systems of Equations
Self Practice 3.5
1. Audy cuts out a rectangular plank of area 72 cm2 and perimeter 34 cm. Calculate the length and width of
the plank.

Answer:
Area = 72 cm2
𝑥𝑦 = 72 -----① x cm

Perimeter = 34 cm
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 34 y cm
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 17
𝑦 = 17 − 𝑥 -----②

Substitute ② into ①,
𝑥(17 − 𝑥) = 72
17𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 72
𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 72 = 0
(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 − 9) = 0
𝑥 − 8 = 0 and 𝑥 − 9 = 0
𝑥=8 𝑥=9

From ②, when 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 17 − 8 = 9
when 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 17 − 9 = 8

The length is 9 cm and width is 8 cm.

19 Systems of Equations
2. The diagram shows the plan of a rectangular garden which will be constructed by Syarikat Pesona Alam.
The corner of a garden will have a rectangular pond. The area to be covered with grass is 96 m2 and the
perimeter of the pond is 20 m. Calculate the value of x and of y.
xm
Answer:
Perimeter of the pond is 20 m. ym Pond
2𝑦 + 2(12 − 𝑥) = 20 Grassy area 10 m
2𝑦 + 24 − 2𝑥 = 20
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 4
𝑥−𝑦 =2 12 m
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2 -----①

Area of the grassy area is 96 m2.

12 × 10 − 𝑦 × (12 − 𝑥) = 96
120 − 12𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = 96 -----②

Substitute ① into ②.
120 − 12𝑦 + 𝑦(𝑦 + 2) = 96
120 − 12𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 96
𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 + 24 = 0
(𝑦 − 4)(𝑦 − 6) = 0
𝑦 − 4 = 0 and 𝑦 − 6 = 0
𝑦=4 𝑦=6

From ①, when 𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 = (4) + 2 = 6

when 𝑦 = 6, 𝑥 = (6) + 2 = 8

𝑥 = 6 cm, 𝑦 = 4 cm and 𝑥 = 8 cm, 𝑦 = 6 cm

20 Systems of Equations
Intensive Practice 3.2

1. Solve the following simultaneous equations.

(a) 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 (b) 𝑘 − 3𝑝 = −1
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 40 = 0 𝑝 + 𝑝𝑘 − 2𝑘 = 0

Answer:
(a) 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 -----① (b) 𝑘 − 3𝑝 = −1 -----①
𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 40 = 0 -----② 𝑝 + 𝑝𝑘 − 2𝑘 = 0 -----②

From ①, 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 4 -----③ From ①, 𝑘 = 3𝑝 − 1 -----③

Substitute ③ into ②. Substitute ③ into ②.
(3𝑦 − 4)2 + (3𝑦 − 4)𝑦 − 40 = 0 𝑝 + 𝑝(3𝑝 − 1) − 2(3𝑝 − 1) = 0
(9𝑦 2 − 24𝑦 + 16) + (3𝑦 2 − 4𝑦) − 40 = 0 𝑝 + 3𝑝2 − 𝑝 − 6𝑝 + 2 = 0
12𝑦 2 − 28𝑦 − 24 = 0 3𝑝2 − 6𝑝 + 2 = 0
3𝑦 2 − 7𝑦 − 6 = 0 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = 2
(𝑦 − 3)(3𝑦 + 2) = 0 −(−6) ± √(−6)2 − 4(3)(2)
𝑦 − 3 = 0 and 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 𝑝=
2(3)
2
𝑦=3 𝑦=− 6 ± √12
3 𝑝=
6
6 − √12 6 + √12
From ③, when 𝑦 = 3, 𝑥 = 3(3) − 4 = 5 𝑝= and 𝑝 =
6 6
2 2
when 𝑦 = − , 𝑥 = 3 (− ) − 4 𝑝 = 0.4226 𝑝 = 1.5774
3 3
From ③, when 𝑝 = 0.4226,
= −6
𝑘 = 3(0.4226) − 1 = 0.2678
2 when 𝑝 = 1.5774,
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 3 and 𝑥 = −6, 𝑦 = − 𝑘 = 3(1.5774) − 1 = 3.7322
3

𝑘 = 0.2678, 𝑝 = 0.4226 and

𝑘 = 3.7322, 𝑝 = 1.5774

21 Systems of Equations
 𝑥 2𝑦
2. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve − = 1 and straight line 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3.
𝑦 𝑥
Answer:
𝑥 2𝑦
− =1 -----①
𝑦 𝑥
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 -----②
2 2
① × 𝑥𝑦: 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 -----③
From ②, 𝑦 = 3 − 2𝑥 -----④
Substitute ④ into ③:
𝑥 2 − 2(3 − 2𝑥)2 = 𝑥(3 − 2𝑥)
𝑥 2 − 2(9 − 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
𝑥 2 − 18 + 24𝑥 − 8𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
5𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 + 18 = 0
(𝑥 − 3)(5𝑥 − 6) = 0
𝑥 − 3 = 0 and 5𝑥 − 6 = 0
6
𝑥=3 𝑥=
5

From ④, when 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 3 − 2(3) = −3

6 6 3
when 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 3 − 2 ( ) =
5 5 5

6 3
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = −3 and 𝑥 = , 𝑦 =
5 5

22 Systems of Equations
3. Given that (−2, 2) is the solution to the following simultaneous equations:
1 ℎ 1 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 = and + = 𝑘
2 2 𝑥 𝑦
Find the value of h and of k. Hence, find another solution.

Answer:
1 ℎ
𝑥+ 𝑦= -----①
2 2
1 2
+ = 𝑘 -----②
𝑥 𝑦
Given that (−2, 2) is the solution.
1 ℎ
From ①, (−2) + (2) =
2 2
ℎ
−1 =
2
ℎ = −2
1
𝑥 + 𝑦 = −1
2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2
𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 2 -----③
1 2
From ②, + =𝑘
(−2) (2)
1
𝑘=
2
1 2 1
+ =
𝑥 𝑦 2
2𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 𝑥𝑦 -----④
Substitute ③ into ④.
2(−2𝑥 − 2) + 4𝑥 = 𝑥(−2𝑥 − 2)
−4𝑥 − 4 + 4𝑥 = −2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 0
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑥 − 1 = 0 and 𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥=1 𝑥 = −2

From ③, when 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = −2(1) − 2 = −4

when 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = −2(−2) − 2 = 2

Another solution is (1, −4).

23 Systems of Equations
4. The hypothenuse of a right-angled triangle is (2x + 3) cm. The lengths of two other sides are x cm and
(x + y) cm respectively. Given that the perimeter of the triangle is 30 cm, find the value of x and of y.

Answer:
The perimeter of the triangle is 30 cm.
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + (𝑥) + (2𝑥 + 3) = 30
4𝑥 + 𝑦 = 27 2x + 3
x+y
𝑦 = 27 − 4𝑥 -----①

(𝑥)2 + (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = (2𝑥 + 3)2 -----② x

Substitute ① into ②.
𝑥 2 + [𝑥 + (27 − 4𝑥)]2 = (2𝑥 + 3)2
𝑥 2 + (27 − 3𝑥)2 = (2𝑥 + 3)2
𝑥 2 + (729 − 162𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 ) = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9
6𝑥 2 − 174𝑥 + 720 = 0
𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 120 = 0
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 24) = 0
𝑥 − 5 = 0 and 𝑥 − 24 = 0
𝑥=5 𝑥 = 24 (not accept)

From ①, when 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 27 − 4(5) = 7

𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 7

24 Systems of Equations
5. Given that the total surface area of a cuboid with a square base is 66 cm2 and the total length of the sides
is 40 cm. Find the possible volumes of the cuboid.

Answer:
The total surface area of a cuboid with a square base is 66 cm2.
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 = 66
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 33 -----①
y
The total length of the sides is 40 cm.
8𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 40
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
𝑦 = 10 − 2𝑥 -----② x

x
Substitute ② into ①.
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(10 − 2𝑥) = 33
𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 = 33
3𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 33 = 0
𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −20, 𝑐 = 33
−(−20) ± √(−20)2 − 4(3)(33)
𝑥=
2(3)
20 ± √4
𝑥=
6
20 ± √4 20 ± √4
𝑥= and 𝑥=
6 6
11
𝑥=3 𝑥=
3
From ②, when 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 10 − 2(3) = 4
11 11 8
when 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = 10 − 2 ( ) =
3 3 3

The volumes of the cuboid:

When 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 4, volumes = (3)2 (4) = 36 cm3
11 8 11 2 8
When 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = , volumes = ( ) ( )
3 3 3 3
23
= 35
27
= 35.852 cm3

25 Systems of Equations
6. A fish is moving in a circular manner, with the equation of its locus being 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2y = 0.
A boat is moving along a straight line of equation 𝑥 − 3y + 1 = 0 and it intersects with the circular locus
of the fish. Find the points of intersection between the locus of the fish and trajectory of the boat.

Answer:
2𝑥 2 + 11𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2y = 0 -----①
𝑥 − 3y + 1 = 0 -----②

From ②, 𝑥 = 3y − 1 -----③
Substitute ③ into ①.
2(3y − 1)2 + 11𝑦 2 + 2(3y − 1) + 2y = 0
2(9𝑦 2 − 6y + 1)2 + 11𝑦 2 + (6y − 2) + 2y = 0
18𝑦 2 − 12y + 2 + 11𝑦 2 + 6y − 2 + 2y = 0
29𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 = 0
𝑦(29𝑦 − 4) = 0
𝑦 = 0 and 29𝑦 − 4 = 0
4
𝑦=
29
From ③, when 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 3(0) − 1 = −1
4 4
when 𝑦 = ,𝑥 = 3( ) − 1
29 29
17
=
29

The points of intersection:

17 4
(−1, 0) and ( , )
29 29

26 Systems of Equations
7. A sailing boat is moving in a circular manner, with the
equation of its locus being 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 5y = 25.
Meanwhile, a speedboat is moving along a straight line of
equation 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0 and it intersects with the locus of the
sailing boat. Find the points of intersection between the
trajectories of the sailing boat and the speedboat.

Answer:
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 − 5y = 25 -----①
𝑦−𝑥+1=0 -----②

From ②, 𝑦 =𝑥−1 -----③

Substitute ③ into ①.
2𝑥 2 + 4(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3𝑥 − 5(𝑥 − 1) = 25
2𝑥 2 + 4(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1) + 3𝑥 − 5(𝑥 − 1) = 25
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4 + 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 25
6𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 16 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 8 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)(3𝑥 − 8) = 0
𝑥 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 8 = 0
8
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=
3
From ③, when 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = (−1) − 1 = −2
8 8
when 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = ( ) − 1
3 3
5
𝑦=
3

The points of intersection:

8 5
(−1, −2) and ( , )
3 3

27 Systems of Equations
 PL1
1. Form systems of linear equations in three variables for the following situations.
(a) Abdullah buys a History book, two Mathematics books and three Science books for RM120. Chong
buys two History books, three Mathematics books and two Science books for RM110. Meanwhile,
Kaladevie buys a History book, four Mathematics books and two Science books for RM180.
(b) There are a total of 30 coins which consist of 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents coins in a box. The
total value of the coins is RM20.60. Salmah bought an ice cream using two 50 cents and three 20
cents coins.

Answer:
(a) Let 𝑥 = History
𝑦 = Mathematics
𝑧 = Science
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 120 -----①
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 110 -----②
𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 180 -----③

(b) Let 𝑥 = 10 cents

𝑦 = 20 cents
𝑧 = 50 cents
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 30 -----①
10𝑥 + 20𝑦 + 50𝑧 = 2 060 -----②
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 25 -----③

28 Systems of Equations
2. Solve the following systems of linear equations. PL2

(a) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2z = 3 (b) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5z = −17

𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3z = −10 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2z = −16
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − z = −6 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − z = 3

Answer:
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 3 (b)
-----① 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5z = −17 -----①
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −10 -----② 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −16 -----②
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = −6 -----③ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3 -----③
①+②: 2𝑥 − 𝑧 = −7 -----④ From ③, 𝑧 = 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 -----④
③−②: 𝑥 + 2𝑧 = 4 Substitute ④ into ①.
𝑥 = 4 − 2𝑧 ------⑤ 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 5(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3) = −17
Substitute ⑤ into ④. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + (15𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 15) = −17
2(4 − 2𝑧) − 𝑧 = −7 16𝑥 + 7𝑦 = −2 -----⑤
8 − 4𝑧 − 𝑧 = −7 Substitute ④ into ②.
5𝑧 = 15 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2(3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3) = −16
𝑧=3 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + (6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 6) = −16
Substitute 𝑧 = 3 into ⑤. 8𝑥 − 𝑦 = −10
𝑥 = 4 − 2(3) 𝑦 = 8𝑥 + 10 -----⑥
𝑥 = −2 Substitute ⑥ into ⑤.
Substitute 𝑥 = −2 & 𝑧 = 3 into ①. 16𝑥 + 7(8𝑥 + 10) = −2
(−2) − 𝑦 + 2(3) = 3 16𝑥 + (56𝑥 + 70) = −2
𝑦=1 72𝑥 = −72
𝑥 = −1
Substitute 𝑥 = −1 into ⑥.
𝑦 = 8(−1) + 10
𝑦=2
Substitute 𝑥 = −1 & 𝑦 = 2 into ④.
𝑧 = 3(−1) + (2) − 3
𝑧 = −4

29 Systems of Equations
3. The second angle of a triangle is 50° less than four times the first angle. The third angle is 40° less than
the first angle. Find the value of each angle in the triangle.
PL3

Answer:
Let the angle of a triangle is x, y and z.
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 180 -----①

The second angle of a triangle is 50° less than four times the first angle.
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 50 -----②

The third angle is 40° less than the first angle.

𝑧 = 𝑥 + 40 -----③

Substitute 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 50 and 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 40 into ①.

𝑥 + (4𝑥 + 50) + (𝑥 + 40) = 180
6𝑥 = 90
𝑥 = 15
Substitute 𝑥 = 15 and into ②.
𝑦 = 4(15) + 50
= 110
Substitute 𝑥 = 15 and into ③.
𝑧 = (15) + 40
= 55

𝑥 = 15°, 𝑦 = 110° and 𝑧 = 55°

30 Systems of Equations
4. Given that (5, h) is one of the solutions to the following simultaneous equations.
PL4
ℎ(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = ℎ𝑥 2 − 11𝑦 2
Find the value of h and the other solution to the simultaneous equations.

Answer:
ℎ(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 -----①
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = ℎ𝑥 2 − 11𝑦 2 -----②
ℎ(𝑥 − 𝑦) = ℎ𝑥 2 − 11𝑦 2 -----③

Select ① & ②.
Given that (5, h) is one of the solutions.
From ①, ℎ(5 − ℎ) = 5 + ℎ − 1
(5ℎ − ℎ2 ) = 5 + ℎ − 1
ℎ2 − 4ℎ + 4 = 0
(ℎ − 2)2 = 0
ℎ−2=0
ℎ=2

From ①, when ℎ = 2,
(2)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1
(2𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1
𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 1 -----④

Substitute ℎ = 2 and ④ into ②.

(3𝑦 − 1) + 𝑦 − 1 = (2)(3𝑦 − 1)2 − 11𝑦 2
(3𝑦 − 1) + 𝑦 − 1 = (2)(9𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 1) − 11𝑦 2
3𝑦 − 1 + 𝑦 − 1 = 18𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 + 2 − 11𝑦 2
7𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 4 = 0
(𝑦 − 2)(7𝑦 − 2) = 0
𝑦 − 2 = 0 and 7𝑦 − 2 = 0
2
𝑦=2 𝑦=
7

2 2
From ④, when 𝑦 = , 𝑥 = 3 ( ) − 1
7 7
1
𝑥=−
7

1 2
The other solution is (− , ).
7 7

31 Systems of Equations
5. Every month, Raju receives sources of income from his fixed salary as a sales officer, house rental and
online sales. His total monthly salary is RM20 000. If RM500 is added to his monthly salary, it will be
twice the total income from house rental and online sales. The total monthly salary and online sales
income is twice the house rental income. How much does Raju receive from each source of income every
month?
PL4

Answer:
Let 𝑥 = salary
𝑦 = rental
𝑧 = online sales
Linear equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 20 000 -----①
𝑥 + 500 = 2(𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −500 -----②
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 2𝑦 -----③

①−③: 𝑦 = 20 000 − 2𝑦
3𝑦 = 20 000
𝑦 = 6 666.67

Substitute 𝑦 = 6 666.67 into ①.

𝑥 + (6 666.67) + 𝑧 = 20 000
𝑥 = 13 333,33 − 𝑧 -----④

Substitute 𝑥 = 13 333,33 − 𝑧 and 𝑦 = 6 666.67 into ②.

(13 333,33 − 𝑧 ) − 2(6 666.67) − 2𝑧 = −500
3𝑧 = 499.99
𝑧 = 166.66

Substitute 𝑧 = 166.66 into ④.

𝑥 = 13 333,33 − 166.66
𝑥 = 13 166.67

Salary = RM13 166.67, Rental = RM6 666.67, Online sales = RM166.66

32 Systems of Equations
6. Encik Abu plants vegetables on a plot of land in the shape of a right-angled triangle. Given that the
longest side of the land is p metres, the other two sides are q metres and (2q − 1) metres respectively.
Encik Abu fenced the land using a fencing of length 40 metres. Find the length, in metres, of each side
of the land.
PL4

Answer:

𝑞 2 + (2𝑞 − 1)2 = 𝑝2 -----①

𝑞 + (2𝑞 − 1) + 𝑝 = 40 p
q
𝑝 = 41 − 3𝑞 -----②

Substitute ② into ①.
(2q − 1)
𝑞 2 + (2𝑞 − 1)2 = (41 − 3𝑞)2
𝑞 2 + (4𝑞 2 − 4𝑞 + 1) = (1681 − 246𝑞 + 9𝑞 2 )
4𝑞 2 − 242𝑞 + 1680 = 0
2𝑞 2 − 121𝑞 + 840 = 0
𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −121, 𝑐 = 840
−(−121) ± √(−121)2 − 4(2)(840)
𝑞=
2(2)
121 ± √7921
𝑞=
4
121 − √7921 121 + √7921
𝑞= and 𝑞=
4 4
𝑞=8 𝑞 = 52.5 (ignore) (> 40)

Substitute 𝑞 = 8 into ②.
𝑝 = 41 − 3(8)
𝑝 = 17

2𝑞 − 1) = 2(8) − 1
(2𝑞 − 1) = 15

The length, in metres, of each side of the land is 8m, 15m and 17m.

33 Systems of Equations
7. Prove that a straight line passing through (0, −3) intersects a curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 27𝑥 + 41 = 0 at point
(2, 3). Does the straight line intersect the curve at any other point? Justify your answer.
PL4
Answer:
Straight line: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 Given points: (0, −3) and (2, 3)
Let 𝑚 = 3, 3 − (−3)
𝑚= =3
𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 𝑐 2−0
The straight line passing through (0, −3)
−3 = 3(0) + 𝑐
𝑐 = −3
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3 -----①
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 27𝑥 + 41 = 0 -----②
Substitute ① into ②.
𝑥 2 + (3𝑥 − 3)2 − 27𝑥 + 41 = 0
𝑥 2 + (9𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 9) − 27𝑥 + 41 = 0
10𝑥 2 − 45𝑥 + 50 = 0
2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 10 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 − 5) = 0
𝑥 − 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
5
𝑥=2 𝑥=
2

Substitute 𝑥 = 2 into ②.
(2)2 + 𝑦 2 − 27(2) + 41 = 0
4 + 𝑦 2 − 54 + 41 = 0
𝑦2 = 9
𝑦 = ±3
The straight line intersect the curve at (2, 3). (Proven)

5
Substitute 𝑥 = into ②.
2
5 2 5
( ) + 𝑦 2 − 27 ( ) + 41 = 0
2 2
25 135
+ 𝑦2 − + 41 = 0
4 2
81
𝑦2 =
4
9
𝑦=±
2
𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 3
5 9 5 5 9
The other intersect point is ( , ). 𝑥 = ,𝑦 = 3( ) − 3 =
2 2 2 2 2

34 Systems of Equations
8. A piece of wood measures y cm in length and 3x cm in width. A worker intends to cut the piece of wood
into two small triangular pieces of wood. The perimeter of each triangle is 24 cm and the longest side of
either triangle is (x + y) cm. Calculate the area, in cm2, of the original piece of wood.
PL4

Answer:
The perimeter of each triangle is 24 cm.
𝑦 + 3𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 24 3x
2𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 24 y
𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 12
𝑦 = 12 − 2𝑥 -----①

𝑦 2 + (3𝑥)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 -----②

y
Substitute ① into ②. 3x
(x + y)
(12 − 2𝑥)2 + (3𝑥)2 = [𝑥 + (12 − 2𝑥)]2 3x
(12 − 2𝑥)2 + (3𝑥)2 = [12 − 𝑥]2 y
(144 − 48𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) + (9𝑥 2 ) = (144 − 24𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
12𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑥 − 2 = 0 and 𝑥 = 0 (ignore)
𝑥=2

Substitute 𝑥 = 2 into ①.
𝑦 = 12 − 2(2)
𝑦=8

The area of the original piece of wood = 3𝑥 × 𝑦

= 3(2) × 8
= 48 cm2

35 Systems of Equations
9. The diagram on the right shows the plan of a rectangular room. A rectangular carpet is to be placed with
a distance of 1 m from the wall of the room. The area and perimeter of the carpet are 8.75 m2 and 12 m
respectively. Find the length and width, in m, of the room.
PL4 1m
Answer:
The area of the carpet is 8.75 m2.
1m 1m
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑦 − 2) = 8.75 -----①

The perimeter of the carpet is 12 m.

1m
2(𝑥 − 2) + 2(𝑦 − 2) = 12
(𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 − 2) = 6
𝑦 = 10 − 𝑥 -----②

y−2
Substitute ② into ①.
(𝑥 − 2)[(10 − 𝑥) − 2] = 8.75 1
(𝑥 − 2)[8 − 𝑥] = 8.75 1 1
8𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 16 + 2𝑥 = 8.75 x−2 x
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 24.75 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 40𝑥 + 99 = 0 1
(2𝑥 − 9)(2𝑥 − 11) = 0 y
2𝑥 − 9 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 11 = 0
9 11
𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2
𝑥 = 4.5 𝑥 = 5.5

Substitute 𝑥 = 4.5 into ②.

𝑦 = 10 − (4.5)
𝑦 = 5.5

Substitute 𝑥 = 5.5 into ②.

𝑦 = 10 − (5.5)
𝑦 = 4.5

The length and width are 4.5 m and 5.5 m.

36 Systems of Equations
10. The diagram on the right shows a rectangular piece of cardboard PQRS of area 224 cm2.
A semicircle STR was cut out from the cardboard. Given that the perimeter of the remainder
of the cardboard is 72 cm, find the value of x and of y.
PL4
P Q
T
Answer:
Area of PQRS is 224 cm2. y cm
28𝑥 × 𝑦 = 224
8
𝑦= -----①
𝑥 S R
28x cm
22
Arc STR = 𝜋𝑟, 𝑟 = 14𝑥, use 𝜋 =
7
22
= (14𝑥)
7
= 44𝑥

The perimeter of the remainder of the cardboard is 72 cm.

44𝑥 + 28𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 72
72𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 72
36𝑥 + 𝑦 = 36
𝑦 = 36 − 36𝑥 -----②

8
① = ②: = 36 − 36𝑥
𝑥
8 = 36𝑥 − 36𝑥 2
9𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2 = 0
(3𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 − 2) = 0
3𝑥 − 1 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
1 2
𝑥= 𝑥=
3 3

1
Substitute 𝑥 = into ①.
3
8
𝑦= = 24
1
(3 )

2
Substitute 𝑥 = into ①.
3
8
𝑦= = 12
2
(3)

1 2
𝑥= , 𝑦 = 24 and 𝑥= , 𝑦 = 12
3 3

37 Systems of Equations
11. Mr. Chee Hong instructed the students of Form 4 Kembara to draw a rectangular mural of length 7x m
and width y m on the wall of the canteen. Two different shapes will be drawn on the wall as shown in
the diagram on the right. AED is a semicircle. Given that the area of the wall is 28 m2 and the perimeter
of ABCDE is 26 m, find the diameter and radius of the semicircle.
A D
PL5
Answer:
The area of the wall is 28 m2.
ym
7𝑥 × 𝑦 = 28
4 E
𝑦= -----①
𝑥
B C
7x m
7𝑥 22
Arc AED = 𝜋𝑟, 𝑟= , use 𝜋 =
2 7
22 7𝑥
= ( )
7 2
= 11𝑥

The perimeter of ABCDE is 26 m.

11𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26
18𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 26
9𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13
𝑦 = 13 − 9𝑥 -----②

4
① = ②: = 13 − 9𝑥
𝑥
4 = 13𝑥 − 9𝑥 2
9𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 4 = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(9𝑥 − 4) = 0
𝑥 − 1 = 0 and 9𝑥 − 4 = 0
4
𝑥=1 𝑥=
9

Substitute 𝑥 = 1 into ①.
4
𝑦= =4
1

4 Don’t need
Substitute 𝑥 = into ①.
9
4
𝑦= =9
4
(9 )
7
𝑥 = 1: Diameter = 7(1) = 7m, radius = m.
2
4 4 28 14
𝑥 = : Diameter = 7 ( ) = m, radius = m.
9 9 9 9

38 Systems of Equations