GEOGRAPHY

FIELD PROJECT
MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

(THE NAKAMBA SUGAR ESTATE IN MAZABUKA)

NAME:……………………………

EXAM NO: ……………………....

CLASS:……..…………………….

DONE BY…………………………. MR PHIRI DAVISON (WATSUP 0963829015)

DUE DATE @ 2022

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to extend my gratitude and thanks to my supervisor at School for his

guidance and support throughout the process of this field report.

Secondly, I am indebted to thank my other family and parents for their support and financial

assistance for me to carry out this project successfully. Their efforts, love and prayers have

significantly contributed to this work.

May God bless them all!

(i)

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 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to my father, mother, sister and my little brother for their tireless

support and daily prayers which made me to accomplish this work successfully.

(ii)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknolwledgement................................................................................................................... i

Dedication............ ................................................................................................................... ii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Background of study........................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Location of the study area.................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Aim .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Objectives............................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Methodology.......................................................................................................................9

2.1 Sampling techniques...........................................................................................................9

2.2 Data collection....................................................................................................................9

2.3 Instrumentation...................................................................................................................9

2.4 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................9

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Data presentation...........................................................................................................10-11

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Data Analysis ...............................................................................................................12-14

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................15

5.1 Recommendations..............................................................................................................15

CHAPTER SIX

6.0 Evaluation .........................................................................................................................16

6.1.Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................16
6.2.References/Appendices.................................................................................................17-19

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 TITLE OF THE REPORT

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE NAKAMBALA

SUGAR ESTATE TO THE ZAMBIAN ECONOMY AND LOCAL PEOPLE OF
MAZABUKA DISTRICT

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 CHAPTER ONE

Background to the study

Zambia Sugar Plc, is a company based in Mazabuka, Southern Province, It owns and operates
the Nakambala Sugar Estate, the largest sugar operation in Zambia. Zambia Sugar Plc is the
most dominant sugar producing company in the country, contributing about 92.5 % of the
total sugar production, and its majority shareholder is Illovo Sugar Pty Ltd.

Nakambala Sugar Estate was founded in 1964 by Tate & lyle ltd on the south east edge of the
kafue flats; its main activities are the growing of sugarcane on an irrigated Estate of
approximately 14, 640 ha, and the production and marketing of sugar and downstream
products.

Zambia Sugar Plc is a long term investor in Zambia, delivering shared benefits to
government, local communities and the private sector through the positive socio-economic
impacts of its operations and corporate activities in Mazabuka and around the country. It
provides clean drinking water to 16,000 residents of the Nakambala Estate and delivers bulk
raw water to the Water Utility firm for distribution to Mazabuka residents. The Zambia Sugar
factory is also a “Power Island”. Its energy requirements are harnessed from renewable
bagasse sources, reducing demand for electricity on the national grid. It has reduced chemical
waste by replacing chemical filtration with non-chemical methods.

Nakamba sugar estate has positively impacted the local people in Mazabuka by providing
employment opportunities and socio-economic amenities to its workers in which in turn has
brought socio-economic development to Zambia. This field project report focuses on the
postive contributions of the Nakambala Sugar estate to the socio-economic development of
the people in Mazabuka and Zambia as a country.

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Aim of the study

The aim of this study is to find out the positive impacts of Nakamba Sugar Estate in
Mazabuka .

Objectives

The objectives are:

 To find out the economic benefits of The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka.

 To find out the extent to which The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka benefits the
workers and surrounding communities.

 To assess how The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka contributions to the economy
of Zambia.

Research Questions

 What is the economic benefits of The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka?

 To what extent to which The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka benefits the
workers and surrounding communities?

 What is the contribution of The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka to the Zambian
economy?

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LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA

The study was conducted in Mazabuka District of Zambia, located in Southern Province.
Mazabuka is now the a hub of most of the farming activities and most of the people depend
of small scale and commercial farming and its home to the Nakamba Sugar Estate. It is
approximately 141 kilometres by road, southwest of Lusaka, the national capital and largest
city in Zambia

Nakambala
Sugar Estate

Source: Google maps 2022

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 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The research instruments that were used in the collection of data are, an interview schedules
alongside with observation. Observation was used by the researcher to assess the state of the
environment around Mazabuka. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative
research methods.

Target Population

The target population for this study was about 4 workers at the Nakamba Sugar Estate in

Mazabuka in Mazabuka district.

Sampling Procedure and Sample Size

The researcher used simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to draw a

sample that participated in the study.

Data Collection Methods

Primary data was collected through the use of a diverse mixed method approach in the field

while secondary data was obtained through extensive reading of published and not published

material as well as journals and newspapers amongst other assorted materials.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA COLLECTION

Number of workers

The table below shows the number of workers from the selected four (4) departments at the
Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka.(approximately 6014 Workers)

Departments NO OF PERMANENT CASUAL

WORKERS
Plantation site 2240 1010 1230
Production site 1110 510 600
Sales and marketing 510 200 310
Management 310 130 180 (Trainee Managers)

Pie Chart showing the number of workers in the four selected departments at the
Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka

Number of employees
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
Plantation Site Production Site Sales & Marketing Management

No. of Workers Permanent Casual

Economic Contribution and Production capacity of the industry

Industry No of weeks Approximate production capacity

number Zm(K)
1 4 90000.60
2 4 80300.60
3 4 40000.80
4 4 22500.00
Source: field work, 2021

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Table 5.2 Show main products produced by the four Departments the Nakamba Sugar

Estate in Mazabuka and their approximate daily sales

No Product Daily production Daily sales Percentage

(tonnes) sales %
1 White spoon Sugar 10000 80000 59%
2 Brown sugar 10000 40000 23%
3 Syrup / Icing Sugar 500 Between 50 and 10%
100
4 Sugar can by 400 150 8%
products
Source: field work, 2021

Pie chart showing the products and approximate percentages of the daily sales

Sales

8%
10%

White Spoon Sugar

59% Brown Sugar
23%
Syrup/Ising sugar
By products

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 SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION STAGES

Sugar cane processing goes through several stages and produces up to 30 different kinds
products. Sugarcane refers to several species and hybrids of tall perennial grass in the genus
Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, that are used for sugar production.

The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in sucrose,
which accumulates in the stalk internodes.

irrigation

Sugarcanes belong to the grass family, Poaceae, an economically important flowering plant
family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops. It is native to
the warm, temperate tropical regions of India, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. The plant is
also grown for biofuel production, especially in Brazil, as the canes can be used directly to
produce ethyl alcohol (ethanol).

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HARVESTING STAGE

Sugar processing Stages

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Some of the products produced from Sugar cane

At Nakambala Sugar estate most of the sugarcane is cultivated is processed into several foods
products and only the by products are used as animal feeds where the plants leaves make a
good forage for ruminants. Recently a greener alternative research is being undertaken to
start burning bagasse for the production of electricity is to convert bagasse into biogas.
Technologies are being developed to use enzymes to transform bagasse into advanced biofuel
and biogas

The common uses of sugar can includes:

Raw sugarcane: chewed to extract the juice. Sugarcane juice is a combination of fresh juice,
extracted by hand or small mills from the sugar canes.

Syrup: a traditional sweetener in soft drinks, now largely used to put on bread for breakfacst

Molasses: used as a sweetener and a syrup accompanying other foods, such as cheese or
cookies and its by products are used to feed animals and in road construction as well as
brewing beer.

Falernum: a sweet, and slightly alcoholic drink made from sugarcane juice. the most popular
distilled alcoholic beverage in Brazil; it is a liquor made of the distillation of sugarcane juice.

COMMON ITEMS PRODUCED FROM SUGAR CANE AT NAKAMBALA SUGAR

ESTATE

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 CHAPTER FIVE

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Social Economic impact of the the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka to the local

people

The producing Sugar cane in at Nakambala sugar estate in Mazabuka District has going on

for a long time. The Sugar cane production The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka has

been suppliying the country and neighboriung countries with Sugar and sugar products such

as Sugar cane, Mollasses, Syrups, Icing Sugar and Animal Feeds to the local people of

Mazabuka district.

a) Employment:
Local people in Mazabuka are employed in The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka and
some in commercial farms that produce raw materials for the company directly benefit for
from the company. The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka employs drivers, technicians,
and sales agents as well as contractors. it also creates employment opportunities in other
services such as such as restaurants,cafes, hotels, motels and lodges, as well as other
industries that depend on the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka.
b) Infrastructural development:
The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka brings in foreign exchange taxes that help the
government to pay for improving, such as roads, schools, hospitals and bridges. The
development of the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka also helps to improve the general
infrastructure in many parts of the country such as roads, bridges, and construction of other
related industries in Zambia.
c) Social and cooperate responsibilities and food supplies
Indutries play a major role in promoting social and cooperate responsibilities in society.
Mazabuka through Sugar production directly benefits local people and other small scale
farmers through their food supplies such as maize and vegetables in schools, hospitals and
domestic homes. The company also offers scholarships to deserving students in schools and
colleges.

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Economic benefits

The Zambian economy has imnproved through foreign exchange gained by the exportation of

sugar products from the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka which have proven to be

beneficial to the social economic development of Zambia. Zambia Sugar company has led to

the improvement Zambia by sales of various products supplied to various countries across

Africa.

Other companies in particular small businesses,wholesalers, groceries , small shops houses,

schools, shopping malls and many more also benefit through the sales of sugar. Irrigation

companies also benefit by sales from irrigation equipments that are used at Nakambala Sugar

estate.

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 CHAPTER SIX

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

The research findings show that, the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka has largely

contributed to the well-being of people as it has been a source of employment for their

livelihoods. This then entails that the objective aimed at finding impact of the Nakamba

Sugar Estate in Mazabuka has revealed that the there are so many economic benefits realised

due to income generated by the country and the peple from Nakambala Sugar estate.

In line with this, the second objective aimed at finding out the extent to which the activities

at Nakambala benefit the workers was met. The research showed that the Nakamba Sugar

Estate in Mazabuka is of great benefit to other companies as well as to the local people. Apart

from this, it has also contributed to the development of the related industries by producing

various products trequired by a diverse population within and outside Mazabuka area.

7.2 Recommendations

According to discussions with various civil society groups, the following are recommended

for action.

1. Recommendations were made that the government should come in and allow more

investors to open up more Sugar Estates in Zambia

2. Government must encourage Mangement at Nakambala Sugar Estate to offer job

opportunities for local people in Mazabuka as opposed to foreigners.

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 CHAPTER SEVEN

EVALUATION

This study has drawn some clear conclusions about the The Nakamba Sugar Estate in
Mazabuka. A number of evaluative points can be made. However due to limit given time and
personnel restrictions it was difficult to survey the whole of the industrial area accurately. It
is worth concluding that although this was a fairly broad piece of fieldwork, there was so
much more which could be investigated. it is hoped that this piece of work provides an
impartial outsider’s view on its nature and extent of the The Nakamba Sugar Estate in
Mazabuka in Zambia.

Future Work

Further research is required to determine the interrelationships between social development

and Sugar production at the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka.

Limitation of the Study

 The report likely had biased data due to lack of women representatives in the sample

from the Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka site since most of the workers were

men.

 Some respondents who were selected were illiterate to the extent that they could

neither read nor write in the questionnaires.

 Time was also inadequate and this encounter did not allow the researcher to build a

strong rapport with the research community.

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 REFERENCES

Aboagye, A. (1986). Informal Sector Employment in Kenya: A survey of Informal Sector

Activities in Nairobi. Geneva: ILO Publishers.

Hart, K. (1971). Informal Economic Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana. Journal
of Modern African Studies Vol.11 No1 (March 1973), 61- 89 23 /10/2005

ILO, (1999) Social and labour issues in small-scale Report for discussion at the Tripartite
Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Geneva, 17-21 May 1999 International
Labour Office Geneva.

Labonne, B. and Gilman, J. (1999). Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-
scale . Geneva: International Labour Organization (ILO).

Lubell H. (1991). The Informal sector in the 1980s and the 1990s: Development Centre of the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Washington, D.C: OECD
Publications and Information Centre.

Sida. (2004). Strategic Guidelines for SIDA Support to Market-Based Rural Poverty
Reduction. Improving Income among Rural Poor. Stockholm: Department of Natural
Resources and the Environment.

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 APPENDIX 1: PICTURES

Picture 1: Machinery used for Sugar cane Production

Picture 2: The Nakamba Sugar Estate cultivation site

Source: field work, 2022

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 QUESTIONNAIRE

Appendix I

Q BACKGROUND INFORMATION
No

1 Gender of the respondent

Male Female
2. How long have you lived in this township
less than 5 years
between 5 and 10 years
over 10 year
3. What is your occupation
Miner
Teacher
Nurse or Doctor
Farmer
Self- employment

Others specify………………………………………………….
4. What is your monthly income

less than K500

K500 to K1,000
K1,000 to K2,000
K2,000 to K5,000
More than K5,000
5. Do you socially benefit from The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka activities in this
area?
Yes No Don’tknow
Job creation
improvement of road infrastructure
maintenance of sanitation such as drainages
student scholarships
health care services
6. recreation services such as sports
Kindly explain how The Nakamba Sugar Estate in Mazabuka contribute to the
Zambian economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………...

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