SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KENJAR, MANGALORE
DEPARTMENT OF MBA

SOCIETAL PROJECT REPORT

DR. K.E. PRAKASH DR. GAYATHRI B J

(PRINCIPAL & DIRECTOR) (HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)

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TOPIC : Schemes for children and women in Primary Health Centre

SUBMITTED TO : DR. GAYATHRI B J

SUBMITTED BY : ATHIRA P P - 4SH22BA021

KRISHNAPRIYA P V - 4SH22BA053

ALAN K ABRAHAM - 4SH22BA013

ARAVIND K T - 4SH22BA018

SANJU SUMITHRAN - 4SH22BA093

ADWAID K K - 4SH22BA005

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SI NO TOPIC PAGE NO:

1 INTRODUCTION 5-9
 PAST
 PRESENT
 FUTURE

2 REVIEW OF 10 - 11
LITERATURE

3 ANALYSIS AND 12 - 14
DISCUSSION

4 OUTCOME 15 - 16

5 CONCLUSION 17

6 REFERENCE 18

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to the individuals
who have made a significant contribution to the societal project on the schemes in
Public Health centers for children. Their unwavering support and dedication have
been instrumental in bringing about positive change and creating a lasting impact
on the lives of many.

First and foremost, we extend our sincere thanks to the Principal of Shree
Devi Institute of Technology Dr. K E Prakash for their guidance, encouragement,
and continuous support throughout this project. Their visionary leadership and
commitment to promoting social causes have provided us with a solid foundation
to undertake this endeavor. We would also like to acknowledge the Head of the
MBA Department Dr Gayathri B J, along with other faculty members, for their
invaluable expertise, insights, and mentoring. Their knowledge and guidance have
played a crucial role in shaping our research, analysis data, and formulating
effective strategies. A special mention goes to the health workers in health centres

who have dedicated themselves to improve child’s and mother’s health.

This acknowledgment would be incomplete without recognizing the

collective efforts and contributions of everyone mentioned above.

INTRODUCTION
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Health centers in Kerala play a vital role in providing primary healthcare services
to the population. These centers are part of the well-established healthcare
infrastructure in the state.

Primary health centers (PHCs) are the backbone of the healthcare system in Kerala.
They are located in rural and remote areas and act as the first point of contact for
patients. PHCs offer a range of services, including outpatient care, basic laboratory
tests, maternal and child healthcare, immunization programs, family planning
services, and health education.

PAST
There have been various past children schemes implemented in health centers
around the world. Some examples include:

Immunization Programs: Health centers have played a crucial role in implementing

immunization programs for children. These programs ensure that children receive
essential vaccines to protect them from diseases such as measles, polio, and
hepatitis.

Growth Monitoring and Nutrition Programs: Health centers have regularly

conducted growth monitoring to track the health and development of children.
They also provide nutritional counseling and programs to address malnutrition and
promote healthy eating habits.

Child Health Check-ups: Regular health check-ups for children have been a
common feature in health centers. These check-ups include assessments of growth,
development, physical examinations, and screenings for common childhood
diseases.

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Early Childhood Development Programs: Some health centers have offered early
childhood development programs. These programs focus on providing support and
guidance to parents and caregivers on various aspects of child development,
including cognitive, social, emotional, and language development.

Health Education and Promotion: Health centers often organize health education
sessions and workshops for parents on topics such as childcare, hygiene practices,
breastfeeding, and managing common childhood illnesses. This helps parents to
better understand and manage their child's health.

Health Screening and Disease Management: Health centers have facilitated

screenings for various health conditions in children, such as vision and hearing
problems, dental health, and mental health issues. They also provide appropriate
management and referrals for children with chronic illnesses.

PRESENT
Present children schemes in primary health centers can vary depending on the
country and the specific healthcare system in place. However, here are some
common schemes that may be implemented:

Vaccination Programs: Primary health centers continue to play a crucial role in

implementing vaccination programs for children. These programs ensure that
children receive scheduled vaccines to protect them from diseases such as measles,
mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis, and other vaccine-preventable diseases.

Growth Monitoring and Nutrition Programs: Primary health centers often conduct
growth monitoring sessions to track the health and development of children. They

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provide counseling and support to parents regarding nutrition, breastfeeding, and
healthy eating habits to address malnutrition and promote optimal growth.

Well-child Check-ups: Regular well-child check-ups are conducted in primary

health centers. These check-ups involve comprehensive assessments of a child's
growth, development, physical health, and screening for common childhood
illnesses. They also provide an opportunity to address any concerns or answer
questions from parents or caregivers.

Early Childhood Development Programs: Some primary health centers offer early
childhood development programs aimed at supporting parents and caregivers in
promoting optimal child development. These programs provide information and
guidance on cognitive, social, emotional, and language development, as well as
parenting skills and early learning activities.

Health Education and Promotion: Primary health centers often organize health
education sessions and workshops for parents on various topics related to child
health, including childcare practices, hygiene, immunizations, and prevention of
common childhood illnesses. These sessions empower parents with the knowledge
and skills to better care for their child's health.

Disease Management and Referrals: Primary health centers provide management

and treatment for common childhood illnesses such as respiratory infections,
diarrhea, and skin conditions. They also offer referrals to specialized services or
hospitals for children with complex or chronic health conditions.

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FUTURE
The future of children's schemes in primary health centers is geared towards
holistic and comprehensive care that focuses on the overall well-being and
development of children. Here are some potential aspects of future children's
schemes:

Integrated Care: Primary health centers will increasingly adopt a multidisciplinary

and integrated approach to children's healthcare. This means involving various
healthcare professionals, such as pediatricians, nurses, psychologists, nutritionists,
and social workers, to provide comprehensive services addressing physical,
mental, and social aspects of children's health.

Telehealth and Digital Health Solutions: With advancements in technology,

primary health centers may incorporate telehealth and digital health solutions to
enhance access to care for children and their families. This includes virtual
consultations, remote monitoring, tele-education, and digital platforms for health
information and support.

Developmental Screening and Early Intervention: There will be a stronger focus on

early identification of developmental delays, disabilities, and behavioral concerns
in children. Primary health centers may implement routine developmental
screening programs to identify these issues early on and provide early intervention
services, which can significantly improve long-term outcomes.

Mental Health Support: Recognizing the importance of mental health in childhood,

primary health centers may integrate mental health services into routine care. This
includes screening for mental health concerns, providing counseling and therapy
services, and facilitating access to specialized mental health services when needed.

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Preventive Care and Health Promotion: Primary health centers will continue to
prioritize preventive care and health promotion. This involves education and
support for parents and caregivers on healthy lifestyles, nutrition, immunizations,
and disease prevention. Efforts will be made to address social determinants of
health that impact children's well-being, such as poverty, access to education, and
safe environments.

Collaborative Partnerships: Primary health centers may strengthen collaborations

with schools, community organizations, and other stakeholders to create a seamless
network of support for children's health. This can include coordinated care plans,
health education programs in schools, and community-based interventions to
address specific health concerns prevalent in the local context.

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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Patel, R., & Chauhan, S.

(2020).
Despite distance of healthcare centers, the male members
of the society access the healthcare services. But Women
fail to receive the healthcare due to distance of health
care centers. There is requirement of women friendly
measures to achieve women’s health.

Chatterjee, A., & Paily, V. P.

(2011).
The provision of less resources for improvement of
health, reduction of poverty, lower literacy, and lead to
high maternal mortality ratio in India. Further, issues
relating to women’s health in healthcare institution are
also neglected.

Raj, A. (2011)
Gender equity and universal health coverage in India is in
not given much priority in the society. Hence, government
policy and community level efforts is required for
achieving the gender equity.

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Rao, K. M., Balakrishna, N.,
Arlappa, N., Laxmaiah, A., &
Brahmam, G. N. V. (2010)
The suggested nutritional level of tribal and rural women
was very low. This leads to deficiencies of micronutrients
at the time of pregnancy and lactation. There is also lack
of women’s health in the community and institutional
level.

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 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Kerala, known for its strong focus on healthcare, has implemented several schemes and
programs in its Primary Health Centers (PHCs) to improve healthcare services. Here are some of
the key schemes and programs that were active in Kerala's PHC centers up to that point:

Karunya Health Insurance Scheme: This state-funded insurance scheme provides financial
assistance to low-income families for various medical treatments, including surgeries and
hospitalization.

Arogyakiranam Scheme: Aimed at providing free healthcare to all, this scheme focuses on
delivering quality healthcare services, including preventive and curative care, at PHCs and other
healthcare facilities.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK): This national program, also implemented in
Kerala, focuses on early detection and management of childhood illnesses and disabilities. It
provides free health check-ups for children at PHCs.

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Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY): While this is a national
program, Kerala has actively participated in its implementation. It aims to provide financial
protection to families for secondary and tertiary healthcare.

National Health Mission (NHM): Under NHM, Kerala has been working to strengthen its
healthcare infrastructure, including PHCs, and improve maternal and child health services.

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Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): This program encourages institutional deliveries by providing
financial assistance to pregnant women. PHCs play a crucial role in promoting safe childbirth
through JSY.

School Health Program: Kerala has a comprehensive school health program that includes
health check-ups and health education for schoolchildren. PHCs often collaborate with schools
for these initiatives.

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): Although NRHM has been subsumed under NHM, it
aimed to provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare services in rural areas, where
PHCs play a vital role.

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 OUTCOME

The primary health center scheme for children aims to establish healthcare
facilities specifically designed to cater to the healthcare needs of children. These
centers provide a wide range of services, including routine check-ups,
vaccinations, treatment for common childhood illnesses, and specialized care for
conditions such as asthma, allergies, and developmental delays. The outcome of
this scheme is to ensure that children receive timely and appropriate medical care,
leading to improved overall health and well-being. These centers also play a
crucial role in promoting preventive healthcare practices and educating parents and
caregivers about child health and nutrition. By focusing on early intervention and
preventive care, the primary health center scheme for children helps in reducing
the burden on secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities and ensures that children
grow up healthy and happy.

Primary health centers provides adequate services before and after birth as well as
during growing stages of children for their full physical, mental,and social
development. The schemes and programs formulated by the Government of India
include comprehensive health programs to mother and children. PHCs have greater
focus under 3 years children. It provides care and counseling for mothers and
family. PHC improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group
of 0-6 years and pregnant and lactating mother. It lay the foundation for proper
psychological, physical and social development of child. Immunization of pregnant
women and infants protects children from six vaccines, preventable diseases
including poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis,tetanus, tuberculosis, and
measles .Health centers are the provider for health check-ups including health care
of children of less than six years, antenatal care of expectant mother's and

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postnatal care for nursing mothers. It provides regular health check-ups, recording
of weight, immunization, management of malnutrition, treatment of diarreahia, de-
worming,distribution of simple medicine etc. It offers social development of lakhs
of children by rescuing them from disease mortality and morbidity through full
immunization. Expand immunization coverage to all children by covering all those
children who are partially vaccinated or vaccinated. In addition to this it provides
vaccination against JE(Japanese Encephalitis) and Hib (Haemophilus influenza
type B) and provides vaccination against tetanus to the pregnant women.

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 CONCLUSION
The Primary Health Care has a definitive role in the delivery of child health
strategies and interventions in India, since it is the only system capable of reaching
to the millions of children in rural parts of the country. India with a wide network
of PHC system, can utilize it for ensuring child survival, as outlined in this article.
India’s diverse child health problems, coupled with differential needs of population
and health system capabilities requires a multi-pronged approach, based on the
principles of PHC. The sustained political will, better community participation,
specially the role of PRIs in health planning, inter-sectoral coordination including
those of private practitioners in the rural area and the nongovernment organization,
besides various ministries and departments working in the field of child health,
strengthened district level health planning, and the use of data for action, are some
of the areas for strengthening the PHC system and ensuring the child survival in
the country.
In conclusion the implementation of scheme for children and women in public
health centre is of paramount importance for the overall development and well-
being of the society.These scheme aim to address the specific health care needs of
children and women recognizing the unique challenges they face. Such schemes
provide a comprehensive range of services including immunizations reproductive
health services prenatal and postnatal care and nutritional support. By focusing on
preventive and curative measures these schemes contribute to reducing maternal
and child mortality rates improving maternal health and promoting the healthy
growth and development of children. Additionally these schemes empower women
by giving them access to essential healthcare services raising awareness about their
rights and health concerns and promoting their active participation in decision-
making processes regarding their healthcare.

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 REFERENCES

1. Kerala Medical Journal

2. Revisiting to Kerala Model of Health (Ed : Dr Manju S Nair)
3. Utilization of Health services in Urban Kerala : A Socio Economic Study
( K Gangadharan)
4. Primary Healthcare in Kerala : Role of village (Thomas Sabeena)
5. Institutionalizing illness Narratives

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