Salts, Acids and Alkali

Reactions with Metals + Acids:

Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

Eg.

Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium -> Sodium chloride + Hydrogen

HCl + Na -> NaCl + H2
(Acid) (Metal) (Metal + part of acid) (hydrogen from acid)

Acid Salt
Hydrochloric acid Metal chloride
HCl (Metal)Cl

Hydrochloric acid + Zinc -> Zinc chloride + Hydrogen

HCl + Zn -> ZnCl + H2
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium -> Sodium chloride + Hydrogen
HCl + Na -> NaCl + H2
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium -> Magnesium chloride + Hydrogen
HCl + Mg -> MgCl + H2

Sulphuric acid Metal sulphate

H2SO4 (Metal)SO4

Sulphuric acid + Iron -> Iron sulphate + Hydrogen

H2SO4 + Fe -> FeSO4 + H2

Sulphuric acid + Zinc -> Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen

H2SO4 + Zn -> ZnSO4 +. H2

Sulphuric acid + Magnesium -> Magnesium sulphate + Hydrogen

H2SO4 + Mg -> MgSO4 + H2

Nitric acid Metal nitrate

HNO3 (Metal)NO3

Nitric acid + Magnesium -> Magnesium nitrate + Hydrogen

HNO3 + Mg -> MgNO3 + H2

Nitric acid + Zinc -> Zinc nitrate + Hydrogen

HNO3 + Zn -> ZnNO3 + H2

Note: Other metals can be also be used, rules remain the same.
Reactions with Metal Carbonates and Acids:

Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

Acid + Metal rules apply when writing salt.

Eg.

Sulphuric acid + Calcium Carbonate -> Calcium sulphate + Water + Carbon dioxide
H2SO4 + CaCO3. -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
(Acid) (Metal Carbonate) (Metal + part of acid)

Acid Salt
Hydrochloric acid Metal Chloride
HCl (Metal)Cl

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate -> Calcium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide
HCl + CaCO3 -> CaCl + H2O + CO2
Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium Carbonate -> Magnesium chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide
HCl + MgCO3 -> MgCl + H2O + CO2

Sulphuric acid Metal sulphate

H2SO4 (Metal)SO4

Sulphuric acid + Calcium Carbonate -> Calcium sulphate + Water + Carbon dioxide
H2SO4 + CaCO3 -> CaSO4 + H2O + CO2

Sulphuric acid + Sodium Carbonate -> Sodium sulphate + Water + Carbon dioxide
H2SO4 + NaCO3 -> NaSO4 + H2O + CO2

Nitric acid Metal nitrate

HNO3 (Metal)NO3

Nitric acid + Magnesium Carbonate -> Magnesium nitrate + Water + Carbon dioxide
HNO3 + MgCO3 -> MgNO3 + H2O + CO2

Nitric acid + Calcium Carbonate -> Calcium nitrate + Water + Carbon dioxide
HNO3 + CaCO3 -> CaNO3 + H2O + CO2

Note: Other metal carbonates can be used, rule remain the same.
Neutralisation Reactions:

Acid + Alkali -> Salt + Water

Eg.

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide -> Sodium chloride + Water

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O
(Acid) (Alkali) (Metal from alkali + part of acid)

Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide -> Sodium chloride + Water
HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H 2O
Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide -> Potassium chloride + Water
HCl + KOH -> KCl + H2O

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium hydroxide -> Calcium chloride + Water

HCl + CaOH -> CaCl + H 2O

Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Sulphuric acid + Sodium hydroxide -> Sodium sulphate + Water
H2SO4 + NaOH -> NaSO4 + H2O

Sulphuric acid + Potassium hydroxide -> Potassium sulphate + Water

H2SO4 + KOH -> KSO4 + H2O

Sulphuric acid + Calcium hydroxide -> Calcium sulphate + Water

H2SO4 + CaOH -> CaSO4 + H2O

Nitric acid
HNO3
Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide -> Sodium nitrate + Water
HNO3 + NaOH -> NaNO3 + H2O

Nitric acid + Potassium hydroxide -> Potassium nitrate + Water

HNO3 + KOH -> KNO3 + H2O

Nitric acid + Calcium hydroxide -> Calcium nitrate + Water

HNO3 + CaOH -> CaNO3 + H2O

Note: Other Acids and Alkalis can be used, rules remain the same.