NEW

TECHNIQUES
TO
INVESTIGATE
BRAIN.
1. MRI ( magnetic
resonance
imaging)
A magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)scan uses a strong
magnetic field and radio waves
to create detailed images of the
organs and tissues within the
body. MRI can help with
viewing injuries,tumors, certain
heart problems and more.
 USES
The MRI scan is used to investigate or diagnose
conditions that affect soft tissue such as;

01 TUMORS ,INCLUDING CANCER

02 JOINT INJURY OR DISEASE

SPINAL INJURY OR DISEASE

03
DISEASE OF THE LIVER &
04 SMALL INTESTINE
CERTAIN TYPES OF HEART
05 PROBLEMS.

06 BREAST CANCER

07 ABNORMALITIES OF THE BRAIN

 HOW IT PERFORM.
1. You may be asked to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the scan.
2. They ask you to remove any metal object such as jewellery,watch, and belts as they can interfere with the
MRI machine.(Because they produce strong magnetic fields)
3. If you have a history of kidney disease you may be given a blood test to determine how well
your kidneys are functioning and whether its safe to proceed with the scan.

1. You will lie on a motorised bed that's moved inside the scanner, you will enter the scanner either head first
or feet depending on the part of your body being scanned.
2. You will need to remain still during the scanned to ensure clear images, a single scan may take from a few
seconds to 3 or 4 minutes, you may be asked to hold your breath during short scans.
3. Radiographer will communicate with you through an intercom system throughout the procedure.
4. The MRI machine will make loud tapping or knocking noises during the scan which is normal, because of this
Radiographer will provide earplug or headphones to block out the loud noises.

1. After this can you can resume normal activities immediately but, if you have had a sedative then you need
someone to take you home or stay with you for the first 24 hours.
2. Your MRI needs to be studied by a radiologist and possibly discussed with other specialist, they send report
to the doctor who arrange your skin who will discuss the results with you.
3. It usually takes a week or two for the results of an MRI scan to come through, unless they are needed
urgently.
 Failure to remove metallic objects
1 Taking pictures of the brain without surgery.
1 can result in injury or interference
with the imaging process.

2
some individuals may experience
2 Showing brain activity during task like,
thinking or feeling.
anxiety or claustrophobia inside the
MRI machine.
MRI machines produce loud noises during
3 MRI provides better soft tissue contrast then,CT and can
differentiate between fat,water,muscle and other
3 operation,which can cause hearing
damage if proper ear protection is not
soft tissue. used.

4 MRI can help physician evaluate both the structure 4

Contrast agent is generally Safe but
have a small risk of allergic reactions
of an organ and how it is working. or kidney problem.
2.TMS(Transcranial
magnetic
stimulation)
• transcranial magnetic
stimulation it's a non-invasive
technique used to stimulate
specific regions of the brain
using magnetic fields.

• TMS is often utilise in

research to understand brain
function and in clinical settings
to treat various neurological
and psychiatric conditions
such as depression, anxiety,
and chronic pain.
USES OF TMS
1. Depression
2. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

3. Schizophrenia
4. Anxiety disorder
5. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
6.chronic pain like: neuropathic pain.
TMS Chair .
 HOW TMS WORKS.
BEFORE
- Before under doing TMS patient typically goes through consultation process; here usually a neurologist or psychiatrist who evaluate
their condition to determine TMS is an appropriate treatment option or not.
- Assessment ; the health care provider conducts a comprehensive assessment of the patient's mental health history, current
symptoms and any previous treatment they have tried.
- if the provider determines that TMS is a good and safe option for you they will talk with you about the treatment schedule they
recommend, TMS takes multiple treatment typically 3-5 per week spread out over several weeks.
- they ask you to remove glasses with metal frames or remove any metallic jewellery, then your provider will have you to sit in a
specially designed chair beside the magnetic.

DURING
-Before starting the treatment your provider will give single- pulse stimulation on your scalp ,this help to find the right location
and setting for your treatment. As the pulse strength increases you will notice a twitch or movement in your hand specially in
your thumb this is normal and your provider will watch for it because it help them know when the pulse strength is high enough.
- especially design electromagnetic coil is placed on the scalp over the targeted area of the brain.the exact placement
depend on the specific treatment protocol determined by the health care provider.

- The TMS delivers rapid repetitive magnetic pulses through the coil to stimulate the neurons in brain, the pulses are painless &
well tolerated by patients.
continue..
- depending on the type of TMS you are receiving including the pattern of magnetic field pulses the treatment session can
last anywhere from a few minutes to half an hour.
- these magnetic field do not directly affect the whole brain they only reach about 2-3 cm into the brain directly beneath the
treatment coil.
• For ex. As these magnetic field move into the brain,they produce very small electrical current. these electrical current
activate cells within the brain which are thought to release neurotransmitter like, serotonin , dopamine. Since depression is
thought to be the result of an imbalance of these chemicals in the brain TMS can restore that balance &relieve depression.

AFTER
-once aTreatment session is over you can return to your usual routine or schedule for the day. You might have a headache
for short time,or discomfort after the procedure but this usually subside quickly.
- The effect of TMS treatment which is often used to Treat depression or certain neurological condition may not be
immediately apparent and could take several sessions to achieve noticeable improvement in symptoms.
- it's essential to follow up with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and to discuss the next step in your
treatment plant.
BENEFITS OF RISK OF TMS
TMS
- it's drug free and a non-
invasive technique.
- headache or localised neck pain
- it has a shorter treatment time - tingling or twitching of facial muscles
of 4-6 weeks compare to - light headedness
antidepressant and - short term hearing loss if there is
psychological therapy. inadequate protection during treatmen
- it can we more effective than - seizure risk particularly in individual
medication and recommended
with a history of seizure or certain
who have not responded to any
medicine or therapy/treatment. neurological conditions.
- TMS does not cause memory
loss, weight loss, sexual
difficulties and is not damaging
to your scalp or hair growth.