5.forum Ias L1 Test 5 (2024) Eng

PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
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T.B.C. : FIAS-KPTS24-B1-L1T5 Test Booklet Series
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A
TEST BOOKLET
GENERAL STUDIES
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Page 1
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.1) What was/were the object/objects of Q.4) Consider the following statements
Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)? regarding Rani Channamma :
1. To disclaim any intention to annex Indian 1. She led an armed rebellion against the
States. implementation of the doctrine of lapse by
2. To place the Indian administration under the British East India Company.
the British Crown. 2. She was follower of Lingayat Shaivism.
3. To regulate East India Company’s trade 3. ‘Kittur Utsava’ is organised every year in
with India. Belgavi, Karnataka to celebrate the heroic
Select the correct answer using the code given rebellion of Rani Channamma.
below. Which of the statement/s given above is/are
a) 1 and 2 only correct?
b) 2 only a) 1 only
c) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1,2 and 3
Q.2) Which among the following can be
considered as the reasons for the decline of Q.5) Which of the following rights were gained
Indian iron smelting industry by the late by the East India Company in Bengal after the
nineteenth century? battle of Buxar 1764?
1. High rate of tax on production of furnace. 1. Right to collect revenue in Bengal
2. Lack of investment 2. Right to appoint deputy diwan
3. Introduction of British-made iron in India 3. Right to appoint deputy subahdar
4. Forests regulations Which of the statements given above are
Select the correct answer using the code given correct?
below: a) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only
c) 1,2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Q.6) Which of the following were the result of
Q.3) Which of the following factors the Permanent Settlement?
contributed to the emergence of national 1. Commodification of land.
consciousness among Indians during British 2. Modernization of agriculture.
rule? 3. Absentee Landlordism.
1. The Passage of Vernacular Press Act, 1878. 4. Increase in agricultural productivity.
2. Revocation of the Ilbert bill by the British Select the correct option using the code given
Government. below:
3. The British Government’s decision to a) 1 and 3 only
Partition the then Bengal province. b) 2, 3, and 4 only
Select the correct statement using the code c) 1, 2, and 4 only
given below: d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Page 2
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.7) In the context of colonial India, which of a) B.R. Ambedkar.

the following statements are correct in b) Shri Narayana Guru
respect of Wood’s Dispatch on educational c) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
reforms? d) Jyotiba Phule
1. It advocated English as medium of
instruction for school as well as higher Q.11) Which of the following were major
education. centres of weaving and textiles in the 18th or
2. It was aimed at preparing a skilled Indian 19th century India?
workforce for the benefit of British rule. 1. Dacca
3. It recommended free universal and 2. Bombay
compulsory elementary education for 6-11 3. Nagapattinam
years age group. 4. Kanpur
Select the correct answer using the code given 5. Patan
below: Select the correct answer using the code given
a) 1 and 2 only below:
b) 2 only a) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only b) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1, 3 and 5 only
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Q.8) Consider the following events:
1. Waghera Rising Q.12) With reference to the Moamoria
2. Warli Revolt Rebellion, consider the following statements:
3. Bastar rebellion 1. It started as a struggle for power between
4. Ahom revolt the Ahom Kings and the Moamorias of
Which of the following is the correct Aasam region.
chronological order of events given above? 2. The Moamarias were the peasants who
a) 3-4-2-1 adhered to the teachings of Aniruddhadeva.
b) 4-3-2-1 Which of the statements given above is/are
c) 4-3-1-2 correct?
d) 1-4-3-2 a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.9) In the context of Indian history, the c) Both 1 and 2
Rakhmabai case of 1884 revolved around: d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. women’s right to gain education.
2. age of consent. Q.13) With reference to the Spiritual leader
3. restitution of conjugal rights. Swami Vivekananda, consider the following
Select the correct answer using the code given statements:
below: 1. He urged his followers to completely
a) 1 and 2 only discard materialism and adopt the path of
b) 2 and 3 only Spiritualism.
c) 1 and 3 only 2. He accepted Vedanta Principles as a fully
d) 1, 2 and 3 rational system.
3. He was opposed to the practice of image
Q.10) “Born in 1827, he was one of the most worshiping.
vocal among the “low caste” leaders. He Which of the following statement/s given
propagated caste equality through the above is/are correct?
formation of Satyasodhak Samaj. He also wrote a) 2 only
‘Gulamgiri’ which was inspired from Americans b) 1 and 2 only
who fought to end slavery. “ c) 3 only
The above-given paragraph refers to who d) 1 and 3 only
among the following?
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.14) The Veda Samaj, which was inspired by Q.18) Wellesley established the Fort William
Brahmo Samaj, was established by: College at Calcutta because:
a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy a) he was asked by the Board of Directors at
b) Keshub Chandra Sen London to do so.
c) Dayanand Saraswati b) he wanted to revive interest in oriental
d) Mahadev Govind Ranade learning in India.
c) he wanted to provide William Carey and his
Q.15) In the first quarter of the seventeenth associates with employment.
century, in which of the following was/were d) he wanted to train British civilians for
the factory/factories of the English East India administrative purpose in India.
Company located?
1. Broach Q.19) With regards to Young Bengal Movement
2. Chicacole or Derozians’ in the 19th century Bengal, which
3. Trichinopoly of the following statements is/are correct?
Select the correct answer using the code given 1. They demanded the protection of farmers
below: from oppressive zamindars.
a) 1 only 2. 'Society for the Acquisition of General
b) 1 and 2 Knowledge' to discuss various aspects of
c) 3 only Western science was started by them.
d) 2 and 3 Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
Q.16) With reference to Lottery Committee a) 1 only
during the British Rule, consider the following b) 2 only
statements: c) Both 1 and 2
1. It was setup by Lord Ripon for town d) Neither 1 nor 2
planning.
2. For town improvement, it raised funds Q.20) With reference to the suppression of the
through public lotteries. revolt of 1857 in India, consider the following
3. Clearing the riverbanks from statements:
encroachments was among the major 1. The ordinary processes of law and trial were
activities of the Committee. suspended, and rebels were directly
Which of the statements given above is/are executed.
correct? 2. All the landlords were dispossessed from
a) 1 only their estates.
b) 2 and 3 only Which of the statements given above is/are
c) 2 only correct?
d) 1, 2 and 3 a) 1 only
b) 2 only
Q.17) In the context of modern Indian history, c) Both 1 and 2
the phrase ‘Damin-i-Koh’ refers to: d) Neither 1 nor 2
a) A taxation system introduced by the British
government for the forest dwellers. Q.21) Which of the following statements
b) An area referred to as the land of the correctly explain the impact of Industrial
Santhals. Revolution on India during the first half of the
c) A type of traditional dance performed by nineteenth century?
the Ahom tribe. a) Indian handicrafts were ruined.
d) A share of agricultural produce offered by b) Machines were introduced in the Indian
the Jotedars to the British Government in textile industry in large numbers.
return for Zamindari rights. c) Railway lines were laid in many parts of the
country.
d) Heavy duties were imposed on the imports
of British manufactures.
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.22) With reference to British revenue Q.25) Consider the following pairs:
policies in the Deccan region, consider the Anglo Mysore wars Consequences
following statements: 1. First Anglo- Haidar Ali was defeated
1. The land revenue in this region was directly Mysore war by the combined forces
collected from the peasants who cultivated of Nizam, Marathas and
the land. English.
2. The demand for high land revenue forced 2. Second Anglo- Treaty of Madras
peasants to migrate to new areas. Mysore war
3. The revenue demand was based on the 3. Third Anglo- Treaty of Seringapatam
type of soil and the paying capacity of Mysore war
peasants. 4. Fourth Anglo- Tipu was defeated by
Which of the statements given above is/are Mysore war British
correct? Which of the pairs given above are correctly
a) 1 only matched?
b) 2 and 3 only a) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only b) 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2 and 4 only
Q.23) Consider the following statements about
the Munda rebellion: Q.26) Consider the following statements
1. It was initiated to drive out moneylenders regarding the Third Anglo-Maratha War:
from the region. 1. It was a result of British conflict with
2. The movement wanted to overthrow the Pindaris.
British Indian government 2. The war resulted in the abolition of the
3. It urged the people to stop believing in Peshwaship.
witchcraft. 3. Treaty of Bassein was signed between
Which of the statements given above is/are Marathas and British at the end of the war.
correct? Which of the statements given above are
a) 1 and 2 only correct?
b) 2 and 3 only a) 1 and 2 only
c) 3 only b) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.24) Consider the following statements about
‘the Charter Act of 1813’: Q.27) In the context of the Azamgarh
1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East Proclamation of 1857, which of the following is
India Company in India except for trade in correct?
tea and trade with China. a) It was an official declaration of the East
2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British India Company calling for strong action
Crown over the Indian territories held by against the rebels who participated in the
the Company. 1857 mutiny.
3. The revenues of India were now controlled b) It was a detailed list of grievances of
by the British Parliament. different sections against the unjust
Which of the statements given above are colonial rule.
correct? c) It was issued by Nana Saheb against the
a) 1 and 2 only annexation of Awadh and called for rebel
b) 2 and 3 only activities in the region.
c) 1 and 3 only d) It was issued by the East India Company for
d) 1, 2 and 3 imposing heavy penalty on the rebel rulers
who participated in the 1857 mutiny.
Page 5
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.28) With reference to the Indian history, b) 1, 2 and 3 only

consider the following statements regarding c) 2, 3 and 4 only
the policy of ‘Ring-Fence’: d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. The policy was aimed at creating buffer
zones to defend the Company’s frontiers. Q.31) With reference to the Indian history,
2. The policy of Subsidiary Alliance was an consider the following statements regarding
extension of the ring-fence system. the Anglo-Bhutanese Relations:
Which of the statements given above is/ are 1. A special mission under Colonel
correct? Younghusband was sent to Bhutan to
a) 1 only establish a friendly relation with the
b) 2 only Bhutanese.
c) Both 1 and 2 2. Treaty of Sagauli was signed between
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Bhutan and the British, according to which
British returned disputed territories back to
Q.29) Consider the following statements Bhutan.
regarding the Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ Which of the statements given above are
during British period: correct?
1. The treaty was formalized during the a) 1 only
Governor Generalship of Lord Warren b) 2 only
Hastings. c) Both 1 and 2
2. It was the first treaty signed by Amirs of d) Neither 1 nor 2
Sindh with British.
3. The parties to the treaty agreed to keep Q.32) With reference to education during 18th
Napolean Bonaparte away from the Sindh. century India, Consider the following
Which of the statements given above are statements:
correct? 1. Chatuspathis or Tols were the centers of
a) 1 and 2 only primary education.
b) 1 and 3 only 2. There was large scale participation of
c) 2 and 3 only women in elementary schools.
d) 1, 2 and 3 3. Nadia and Utkala were famous centers of
Sanskrit education.
Q.30) With reference to terms and conditions Which of the statements given above is/are
related to subsidiary alliance, consider the correct?
following statements: a) 1 and 2 only
1. The British would be responsible for b) 2 and 3 only
protecting their ally from external and c) 1 and 3 only
internal threats. d) 3 only
2. The ally would have to provide the
resources for maintaining British contingent Q.33) Consider the following pairs:
within his territory. 1857 Revolt Leader Region
3. The allying Indian state’s ruler would have 1. Kunwar Singh Rajasthan
to accept the permanent stationing of a 2. Khan Bahadur Chotanagpur
British force within his territory. 3. Nana Saheb Kanpur
4. The allying Indian States were not allowed 4. Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah Faizabad
to deal with their internal affairs without Which of the above pairs are correctly
consulting with the British Resident in his matched?
court. a) 1, 2 and 3 only
Which of the statements given above are b) 2, 3 and 4 only
correct? c) 3 and 4 only
a) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Page 6
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 |
Q.34) With reference to Indian history, which Q.37) The Forward Policy of Auckland was
of the following statements is/are correct? aimed at-
1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of 1. strengthening the position of British in
Hyderabad State. Afghanistan and Central Asia.
2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of 2. placing Shuja Shah Durrani in position of
Vijayanagara Empire. Dost Mohammad’s as ruler of Afghanistan.
3. The Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out Which of the statements given above are
of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah correct?
Durrani. a) 1 only
Select the correct answer using the code given b) 2 only
below. c) Both 1 and 2
a) 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 Q.38) Consider the following statements with
d) 3 only reference to the British cities during their rule
in India:
Q.35) Which of the following pairs are 1. There were separate quarters for Europeans
correctly matched? and Indians which came to be known as
Revolt Region “White Town” and “Black Town”
1. Koya Eastern Godavari Track respectively.
2.Bhil Western Ghats 2. Colonial cities reflected the mercantile
culture of the British rule.
3.Koli Rajmahal Hills
3. The colonial cities of Calcutta, Bombay and
4. Khond Odisha
Madras acted as collection depots for the
Select the correct answer using the code given
export of Indian manufactured goods.
below:
Which of the statements given above are
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
correct?
b) 2 and 4 only
a) 1 and 2 only
c) 1, 2 and 4 only
b) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.36) During the struggle for establishment of
supremacy in South India, the English and the
Q.39) Which of the following can be
French had fought a series of Carnatic Wars. In
considered as favourable conditions that
this context, consider the following
helped the Portuguese during their advent
statements:
into India?
1. The English forces won over the combined
1. The northern region of India was largely
forces of Nawab of Carnatic and French in
divided among many small powers.
the Battle of St. Thome.
2. The Portuguese were more organised and
2. The French, led by Governor Dupleix, won
cohesive than the Arab traders in the Indian
the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.
Ocean.
3. The Treaty of Peace of Paris is related to
3. Most of the Indian powers of the time did
the Third Carnatic War.
not have powerful Navy.
Which of the statements given above is/ are
Which of the statements given above are
correct?
correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) None of the above.
d) 1, 2 and 3
.
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PTS 2024 | B1 | L1 Test 5 - Solutions |
smelting industry by the end of 19th century, as it increased the cost of production and further
diminished its competitiveness in the face of cheap British-made iron.
Source: 8th Class NCERT History Our Pasts-III
Q.3)
Ans) d
Exp) Option d is the correct answer.
During the late half of the nineteenth century, Indian leaders pondered over one crucial question which is
what constitutes India and for whom it belongs to. Gradually came the understanding that India was the
people of India – all the people irrespective of class, colour, caste, creed, language,
or gender.
Statement 1 is correct: The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s. The
Vernacular Press Act 1878 was also enacted to silence those who were critical of the government. In the
same year the Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms. These events
united Indians against the oppressive practise of the British Government and contributed to the
emergence of national consciousness among Indians.
Statement 2 is correct: In 1883, there was a furore over the attempt by the government to introduce
the Ilbert Bill. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians and sought
equality between British and Indian judges in the country. However, the bill was revoked by the British
Government in face of organised protest by the European groups in India. This event highlighted the
racial attitudes of the British in India and encouraged Indians to come up with a national level
organisation that represents the interest of whole nation.
Statement 3 is correct: The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. Large public meetings
and demonstrations were organised and novel methods of mass protest developed. The Swadeshi
movement, although strongest in Bengal, echoed in deltaic Andhra Pradesh (known as the Vandemataram
Movement). The movement success in the area of boycotting foreign clothes, achieving self-reliance in
the field of education, industries, arts etc, increased the national consciousness among Indians.
Source: Class VIII NCERT- Our Pasts III (chapter 8)
Q.4)
Ans) d
Statement 1 is correct: Kittur Channamma, the Queen of Kittur, was one of the first Indian rulers to
lead an armed rebellion against the British East India Company in 1824, against the implementation of
the Doctrine of Lapse. Born in 1778, she became one of the first women freedom fighters to have fought
against the British rule in India.
Statement 2 is correct: She belonged to the Lingayat community and received training in horse riding,
sword fighting and archery from a young age. She was well known throughout her village for her bravery.
Statement 3 is correct: Rani Channamma’s rebellion against the British ended in her imprisonment,
however, she became a celebrated freedom fighter in the state of Karnataka and a symbol of the
independence movement in India. Since 1824, ‘Kittur Utsava’ has been organized every year in the
month of October to celebrate the heroic rebellion of Rani Kittur Channamma. In 2022 State-level
Kittur Utsav was held by Karnataka state government.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/two-day-state-level-kittur-utsav-
comes-to-an-end/article66053195.ece
https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/hess102.pdf
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Page 3 of 20
Q.5)
Ans) d
After Battle of Buxar, Robert Clive concluded two important treaties at Allahabad, first one was with
Nawab Shuja-ud-daula and second with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. Under it, Shah Alam II agreed
to reside in Allahabad, Issue Farman granting diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: After gaining Diwani Rights of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Robert Clive
introduced Dual System of Government i.e rule of two “The Company and Nawab”. The company now had
gained direct control of revenue collection, and it exercised it through appointing two deputy Diwans –
Mohammad Riza Khan for Bengal and Raja Sitab Roy for Bihar.
Statement 3 is correct: During this period only, the company also gained nizamat functions from
Subahdar of Bengal and to exercise this function they appointed deputy subahdars. Hence the company
gained control over both revenue and military in Bengal. The Nawab was responsible for maintaining law
and order, but he depended on company for both funds forces.
Source : A brief history of modern India – Rajiv Ahir
Q.6)
Ans) a
Exp) Option a is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct: Earlier people had ancestral individual rights over their land and did not think
about selling or buying it. However, with these new systems of revenue administration introduced by the
British Company, land was treated as a commodity which was owned (legal records) and could be
confiscated or mortgaged or sold in order to pay for dues. This process of making land a tradable asset is
called commodification of land, which was a by-product of the Permanent Settlement system.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Company had expected that the lure of being allowed to retain surplus
amounts, would propel Indian zamindars to invest in modernization of agriculture, as in England.
However, this did not happen in India, and zamindars were only interested in farming the maximum
rent without care for subsistence of farmers.
Statement 3 is correct: The large-scale defaults by old zamindars resulted in confiscations and
auctioning of zamindari rights to many new people, mostly rich moneylenders and traders. These
groups were mostly resident in the cities and did not care for their tenants in the village, except for the
collection time. This phenomenon was known as absentee landlordism.
Statement 4 is incorrect: Also, the revenue demands were not based on any scientific assessments, so
they were excessive, leaving peasants with nothing to invest. So agricultural productivity did not rise,
nor did the revenues significantly.
Knowledge Base:
1) The Permanent Settlement made the Zamindars the owners of the entire land under them. This was
not how agricultural rights were earlier. People had private property, and villages had commonly
owned land, while the Zamindar had his own property, and only the right to collect revenue.
2) The system of collection of revenue was very rigid. No relaxation in due date, or amount owed in case
of natural calamities like flood and drought damaging crops led to low collections and widespread
dispossession of Zamindars.
3) It replaced old Zamindars with a paternal attitude to their tenants, with new landlords who were not
sympathetic at all. This led to oppression of peasantry.
Source: NCERT Class 8th History Our Pasts III Part I, Ch-3;
Modern Indian History by BL Grover, Ch-19
.
Page 4 of 20
Q.7)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct answer.
In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to
the Governor-General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the
Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s Despatch.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Wood’s Despatch recommended English as the medium of instruction for
higher studies and vernaculars at school level, thus the statement is not correct. It advocated European
education (as opposed to Native education) as it would introduce Indians to European ways of life and
create a demand for British goods.
Statement 2 is correct: Wood’s Despatch argued that European learning would improve the moral
character of Indians and it would make them truthful and honest, and thus supply the Company with
civil servants who could be trusted and depended upon.
In contrast the despatch argued that the literature of the East was not only full of grave errors, it could
also not instil in people a sense of duty and a commitment to work, nor could it develop the skills
required for administration.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Wood’s Despatch did not recommend free and compulsory education for age
group of 6-11years. It is the Sergeant Plan of Education in 1944 that recommended universal and
compulsory elementary education for 6-11 years age group.
Source: Class VIII- Our past III (chapter 8)
Spectrum – A brief history of Modern India (Chapter 30- Development of Education)
Q.8)
Ans) d
1) Waghera Rising (1818–20) was resentment against the Company rule, coupled with the exactions of
the Gaekwad of Baroda supported by the British government. The Wagheras carried out inroads into
British territory during 1818–19. A peace treaty was signed in November 1820.
2) The British had pledged to withdraw from Assam after the First Burma War (1824–26). But, after the
war, instead of withdrawing, the British attempted to incorporate the Ahoms’ territories in the
Company’s dominion. This sparked off Ahom rebellion in 1828 under the leadership of Gomdhar
Konwar.
3) Bastar rebellion of 1910 was an Adivasi rebellion against the British Raj in the princely state of Bastar
in central India. It was primarily led by Gunda Dhur, a tribal leader.
4) Warli revolt of 1940 was led by the tribals affected by the exploitation from the landlords and money-
lenders in Maharashtra.
Source: NCERT Class-8 Our pasts-III chapter-4 Tribals, Dikus and the vision of a golden age page-47
Q.9)
Ans) b
Option 2 and 3 are correct: The Rakhmabai case of 1884 was instrumental in raising the age of consent
for woman. The case also dealt with the issues of non-consensual marriage and restitution of conjugal
rights.
Option 1 is incorrect: The issue of women's right to education was not included in the case.
Source: UPSC CSE Pre 2020
.
Page 5 of 20
Q.10)
Ans) d
Jyotiba Phule, a prominent leader among the "low-caste" individuals, emerged as a strong voice during his
time. Born in 1827, he received his education in schools established by Christian missionaries. As he grew
older, Phule developed his own perspective on the unjust caste system prevalent in society. Challenging
the Brahman community's assertion of superiority based on their Aryan lineage, he argued that the
Aryans were actually outsiders who conquered and subjugated the true natives of the land. Phule founded
the Satyashodhak Samaj, an organization dedicated to promoting caste equality.
In 1873, Phule authored a book titled "Gulamgiri," meaning slavery. This work was influenced by the
American Civil War, which resulted in the abolition of slavery in America. Phule dedicated his book to the
American individuals who had fought for the liberation of slaves, drawing parallels between the plight of
the "lower" castes in India and the black slaves in America.
Source: NCERT CLASS 8: Our Past III, Chapter 7
Q.11)
Ans) d
Around 1750, before the British conquered Bengal, India was by far the world’s largest producer of cotton
textiles. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship.
They were extensively traded in Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra and Penang) and West and Central Asia.
From the sixteenth century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for sale in Europe.
Option 1 is correct: Dacca was one of the most important and biggest centres of weaving in 18th century
India. It was known for its ultra-fine cotton textiles (muslins), chintz as well as silks. It was known for its
mulmul and jamdani weaves.
Option 2 is correct: Bombay was an industrial hub and a hub textile industry in the mid-19th century.
Bombay had more than 100 textile mills. Bombay was an important port for conducting trade and an
important administrative centre of the British empire in India,
Option 3 is correct: Nagapattinam was one of the many weaving centres in South India. Situated in
Madras presidency in the 18th century, it produced cotton textiles of high quality.
Option 4 is correct: in 1862, a cotton textile mill was established in Kanpur, in the United Provinces. The
British started new textile manufacturing units called Elgin Mills in 1862 followed by Muir Mills in 1882.
The Indian capitalist class also joined the trade and the JK Cotton mill was set up in 1928.
Option 5 is correct: Patan was and is one of the most renowned weaving centres in the 19th century
western India. Situated in Gujarat, it was a centre for the exclusive Patan Patola weaves on silken
textiles. It also produced Chintz textiles.
Source: NCERT Class 8th History - Our Past III, Ch-6, Pg 69-70
Q.12)
Ans) c
Exp) Option c is the correct answer.
Statement 1 is correct. The Moamoria rebellion started as a power struggle between the Moamorias,
adherents of the Mayamara Sattra, and the Ahom kings in the 18th century in the Ahom kingdom of
modern-day Assam. The Ahom monarch lost control of the capital as a result of this conflict that spread
throughout the Ahom kingdom and involved discontented members of the Ahom elite. Their growth
paralleled to other low caste communities in North India. The uprising began in 1769 CE when royal
officers humiliated and punished the Moamoria Guru and notable Moran disciples.
.
Page 6 of 20
Statement 2 is correct. The Moamarias were a low caste community of peasants who adhered to
Aniruddhadeva's (1553–1624) teachings.
Source: Rajiv Ahir Chapter 6
Q.13)
Ans) a
Narendranath Datta (1862-1902), who later came to be known as Swami Vivekananda spread
Ramakrishna’s message and tried to reconcile it to the needs of contemporary Indian society. He emerged
as the preacher of neo-Hinduism.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Swami Vivekananda called for a blend of the materialism of the West
and the spiritualism of the East into a new harmony to produce happiness for mankind. Thus, he urged
his followers to completely discard materialism is not true.
Also, he pointed out that the masses needed two kinds of knowledge—secular knowledge about how to
work for their economic uplift and the spiritual knowledge to have faith in themselves and strengthen
their moral sense.
Statement 2 is correct: Swami Vivekananda subscribed to the Vedanta principles which he considered
a fully rational system with a superior approach. Also spiritual experiences of Ramakrishna, the teachings
of the Upanishads and the Gita and the life of the Buddha and Jesus formed the basis of Vivekananda’s
message to the world about human values
Statement 3 is incorrect: Swami Vivekananda did not oppose the practice of image (or idol) worship.
He recognised the utility and value of image worship in developing spiritual fervour and worship of the
eternal omnipotent God, however he emphasised on the essential spirit and not the symbols or rituals.
Source: Spectrum - A Brief history of Modern India (Chapter 9 A General Survey of Socio-Cultural
Reform Movements)
Q.14)
Ans) b
Veda Samaj: Keshab Chandra Sen and K. Sridharalu Naidu founded the Veda Samaj when the former went
to Madras in 1864. Later, K. Sridharalu Naidu travelled to Calcutta to study the Brahmo Samaj movement,
and upon his return in 1871, he changed the name of the Veda Samaj to Brahmo Samaj of Southern India.
He conducted missionary tours to propagate the faith and translated the Brahmo Dharma books into
Tamil and Telugu. However, this organization experienced several schisms because of Naidu's tragic
untimely death in 1874.
Source : https://blog.forumias.com/question/consider-the-following-statements-about-veda-samaj-1-
veda-samaj-was-established-by-keshab-chandra-sen-and-k-sridharalu-naidu-2-veda-samaj-was-
renamed-as-the-brahmo-samaj-of-southern-india-in-187/
Q.15)
Ans) a
By 1st quarter of 17th century, English East India Company had established factories at Surat, Broach,
Ahmedabad, Agra, and Masulipatnam and not at Chicacole and Trichinopoly.
The timelines are
1613- A permanent factory of the east India company is established at Surat
1616- 1st factory in south at Masulipatnam
.
Page 7 of 20
1619- Sir Thomas Roe set up factories at Agra, Ahmedabad, and Broach.
Source) Spectrum Revised edition chapter-3 page-38, 39
UPSC CSE Prelims 2021
Q.16)
Ans) b
Statement 1 is incorrect. Lottery Committee were not set up by Lord Ripon. The Lottery Committee was
set up in 1817 after the departure of Lord Wellesley. After Wellesley’s departure, the work of town
planning was carried on by the Lottery Committee (1817) with the help of the government in Calcutta city.
Statement 2 is correct. The Lottery Committee was so named because funds for town improvement in
Calcutta were raised through public lotteries. In other words, in the early decades of the nineteenth
century raising funds for the city was still thought to be the responsibility of public minded citizens and
not exclusively that of the government.
Statement 3 is correct. Among the Committee’s major activities was road building in the Indian part of
the city and clearing the riverbank of “encroachments”.
Knowledge base: The Lottery Committee (1817) assisted the government in the task of town planning in
Calcutta. In its drive to make the Indian areas of Calcutta cleaner, the committee removed many huts and
displaced the labouring poor, who were now pushed to the outskirts of Calcutta.
Source: NCERT Themes in Indian History Part III Theme 12 Colonial Cities-Urbanisation, Planning
and Architecture.
Q.17)
Ans) b
Exp) Option b is the correct.
The British administration aimed to encourage the Paharias, who were hunters and gatherers in the
Rajmahal hills, to adopt settled agriculture. However, the Paharias resisted deforestation, avoided
agricultural practices, and remained rebellious. In contrast, the Santhals proved to be more suitable for
settlement as they cleared forests and cultivated the land with great enthusiasm. Failing to tame the
Paharias and transform them into settled farmers, the British shifted their focus to the Santhals instead.
They allocated land to the Santhals and convinced them to settle in the foothills of Rajmahal. By 1832, a
significant portion of land known as Damin-i-Koh was designated as the Santhals' territory, where they
were expected to engage in plough agriculture and adopt a settled peasant lifestyle. Following the
establishment of Damin-i-Koh, Santhal settlements rapidly expanded.
Source: Ncert Themes in Indian History Part III, Theme X
Q.18)
Ans) d
Fort William College was established on 18 August 1800 by Lord Richard Wellesley to train the British
officials with the local language, cultures, law and traditions so that their administrative work would
become easier as it involved interaction with the Indian natives.
The Court of Directors of the British East India Company were not in support of a training college in
Kolkata. Thus, a separate College was established in 1807 in England.
.
Page 8 of 20
Q.19)
Ans) c
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, a teacher at Hindu College, Calcutta, in the 1820s, promoted radical ideas and
encouraged his pupils to question all authority. Referred to as the Young Bengal Movement, his students
attacked tradition and custom, demanded education for women and
campaigned for the freedom of thought and expression.
Statement 1 is correct: The Derozians carried forward Rammohan Roy’s tradition of public education on
social, economic and political questions. For instance, they demanded induction of Indians in higher
grades of services, protection of ryots from oppressive zamindars, better treatment to Indian labour
abroad in British colonies, revision of the Company’s charter, freedom of press and trial by jury.
Statement 2 is correct: It was the Derozians (Young Bengal movement) who formed in 1838 the 'Society
for the Acquisition of General Knowledge', where they discussed various aspects of Western science, and
stood for a number of social reforms, such as the prohibition ofcaste taboos, child marriage, kulin
polygamy or the ban on widow remarriage.
Source: Spectrum chapter- 9 A general survey of socio-reform movements page-235
Our Pasts-III Class-8 Chapter-9 page-120
Plassey to Partition by shekhar bandopadhyay- pg 146
Q.20)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is correct. Even ordinary Britons were given the power to try and punish Indians suspected
of rebellion. In other words, the ordinary processes of law and trial were suspended, and it was put out
that rebellion would have only one punishment – death.
Statement 2 is incorrect. In large parts of present-day Uttar Pradesh, where big landholders and
peasants had offered united resistance, the British tried to break up the unity by promising to give back
to the big landholders their estates. Rebel landholders were dispossessed and the loyal were rewarded.
Many landholders died fighting the British or they escaped into Nepal where they died of illness or
starvation.
Knowledge Base:
Personalities who suppressed the revolt of 1857
1) General Neil played an important role in Banaras and Allahabad areas.
2) Sir Hugh Rose played an important role in the Jhansi area.
3) William Taylor played an important role in the Arrah (Bihar) area.
Source: NCERT Class 12 themes of Indian history III: Theme 11
Bipan chandra: Revolt of 1857
Spectrum: the revolt of 1857
Q.21)
Ans) a
During Mughal Period, Indian handicrafts produced excellent quality of textile products and as per
estimates nearly two hundred varieties of cotton and silk fabrics were exported from India.
When Industrial Revolution took place in England, Britain needed raw materials from India and a wide
market for its machine-made goods. Thus, owing to industrial revolution cheap machine-made goods
.
Page 9 of 20
from Britain flooded the Indian markets and India supplied the raw material (Cotton) to Britain. This
resulted in the ruining of Indian handicraft industry in the beginning of 19th century.
Also, the Indian textiles now had to face stiff competition from machine-made English textiles in the
European and American markets. Heavy duties were imposed on imported Indian textiles in Britain. The
machine-made cheap textiles of Britain successfully captured the African markets. The free trade
imposed on India was however one-sided. Indian goods were subjected to heavy import duties on entry
into Britain.
Q.22)
Ans) d
Statement 1 is correct: The revenue system that was introduced in the Bombay Deccan came to be
known as the ryotwari settlement. Unlike the Bengal system, the revenue here was directly settled with
the ryots.
Statement 2 is correct: The revenue that was demanded was so high that in many places’ peasants
deserted their villages and migrated to new regions.
Statement 3 is correct: The revenue demand here was decided based on various factors – the average
income from different types of soil, the revenue-paying capacity of the ryots.
Source: NCERT Class XII Themes in Indian History Part III Ch-10 Colonialism and the Countryside
Q.23)
Ans) d
Statement 1 is correct: The Munda Rebellion was initiated by a tribal leader Birsa Munda in tribal regions
of Jharkhand. It aimed to drive out Christian missionaries, moneylenders, Hindu landlords from their
region. The rebellion identified all these forces as the cause of the misery the Mundas were suffering.
Statement 2 is correct: The land policies of the British were destroying their traditional land system,
Hindu landlords and moneylenders were taking over their land, and missionaries were criticizing their
traditional culture. The movement wanted to overthrow the government and set up a Munda Raj with
Birsa at its head.
Statement 3 is correct: The movement was also aimed at reforming tribal society. Birsa urged the
Mundas to give up drinking liquor, clean their village, and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery.
Source: NCERT Class-8 Our pasts-III chapter-4 Tribals, Dikus and the vision of a golden age page-48, 49.
Q.24)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is correct. The Charter Act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company over
trade with India, except for trade in tea and trade with China. The Company retained the trade with
China and the trade in tea.
Statement 2 is correct. The Charter Act, 1813 asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the
Indian territories held by the Company. The Company was to retain the possession of territories and
the revenue for 20 years more, without prejudice to the sovereignty of the Crown.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The Act provides that the Company was to retain the possession of the
revenue for 20 years more.
.
Page 10 of 20

The Act also deprived the presidencies of Bombay and Madras the power to make laws, concentrating
legislative power with the Governor-General and his council.
It also provides for a sum of one lakh rupees to be set aside for the revival, promotion and encouragement
of literature, learning and science among the natives of India, every year.
Source: UPSC 2019
Q.25)
Ans) b
Pair 1 is incorrect: The Nizam, the Marathas, and the English allied together against Haidar Ali. Haidar
acted with considerable tact and diplomatic skill. He paid the Marathas to turn them neutral and,
promising to share conquered territories with the Nizam. The war continued for a year-and-a-
half without any conclusion. English had to conclude a very humiliating treaty with Haidar on April 4,
1769—Treaty of Madras. The treaty provided for the exchange of prisoners and mutual restitution of
conquests.
Pair 2 is incorrect: During Second Anglo-Mysore war, Haidar Ali died of on December 7, 1782. Now his
son, Tipu Sultan, carried on the war for one year without any positive outcome. British made peace was
made with Hyder Ali’s son Tipu Sultan by the treaty of Mangalore.
Pair 3 is correct: The Third Anglo-Mysore war ended with the treaty of Seringapatam. Under the treaty
of Seringapatam (1792), nearly half of the Mysorean territory was taken over by the English. A war
damage of three crore rupees was also taken from Tipu. Half of the war indemnity was to be paid
immediately while the rest was to be given in installments, for which Tipu’s two sons were taken as
hostages by the English. Lord Cornwallis was the Governor-General at that time.
Pair 4 is correct: Tipu’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English in the third Anglo-Mysore war.
The 4th Anglo-Mysore war was started on the plea that Tipu was receiving help from France. British
troops stormed Seringapatam in May 1799. Tipu died in the fighting and his troops were defeated.
Source: Spectrum 17th edition Chapter- 5 expansion and consolidation of British Power in India page-103
to 106
Q.26)
Ans) a
Statement 1 is correct: The third Anglo-Maratha wars between 1817 and 1819 are associated with a
British conflict in which Pindaris were suspected to have protection from the Marathas. The Pindaris,
made up of many castes and classes, were attached to Maratha armies as mercenaries. When the
Marathas became weak, the Pindaris could not get regular employment. As a consequence, they started
plundering neighbouring territories, including those of the Company. The English charged the Marathas
with giving shelter to the Pindaris. Lord Hastings’ actions taken against the Pindaris were seen as a
transgression of the sovereignty of the Marathas; they served to once again unite the Maratha
confederacy. A repentant Bajirao II made a last bid in 1817 by rallying together the Maratha chiefs
against the English in course of the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
Statement 2 is correct: The Peshwa was defeated at Khirki, Bhonsle at Sitabuldi, and Holkar at Mahidpur.
In June 1818, the Peshwa finally surrendered, and the Maratha confederacy was dissolved. The peshwaship
was abolished. Peshwa Bajirao became a British retainer at Bithur near Kanpur.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Treaty of Bassein is associated with the Second Anglo Maratha War and not
the third. Some important treaties signed at the end of the third Anglo Maratha war are:
1) June 1817, Treaty of Poona, with Peshwa.
.
Page 11 of 20

2) November 1817, Treaty of Gwalior, with Scindia.
3) January 1818, Treaty of Mandasor, with Holkar.
Source: Tamil Nādu publication chapter 15
A brief History of Modern India by Spectrum Publication. 2021 edition, Chapter 5
Q.27)
Ans) b
The Azamgarh Proclamation was authored mostly by Firoz Shah, the grandson of Mughal Emperor
Bahadur Shah II. The English translation of the manifesto was published in the Central Delhi district of
Delhi, by the Delhi Gazette on September 29, 1857.
It provides a detailed list of the different grievances of different sections of the society against the unjust
colonial rule.
Option b is correct. It provides a detailed list of the different grievances of different sections of the
society against the unjust colonial rule and asserts the ability of the Mughals to establish their
suzerainty over India. It authored that both Hindus and Mohammedans are being ruined under the
tyranny and oppression of the infidel and treacherous English. It was issued to stress the importance of
communal amity among the rebels, emphasizing the need of Hindus and Muslims to join their hands to
drive out the English and protect their own religious customs and rituals.
Source: NCERT Class 12 themes of Indian history III: Theme 11
https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?9251
Q.28)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is correct: Warren Hastings took charge as the governor general at a critical period of British
rule when the British were to encounter the powerful combination of the Marathas, Mysore, and
Hyderabad. He followed a policy of ring-fence which aimed at creating buffer zones to defend the
Company’s frontiers.
Statement 2 is correct: Wellesley’s policy of subsidiary alliance was, in fact, an extension of the ring-
fence system which sought to reduce the Indian states into a position of dependence on the British
government.
Source: A brief History of Modern India by Spectrum Publication. 2021 edition, Chapter 5
Q.29)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is incorrect: In June 1807, the alliance of Tilsit with Alexander I of Russia was joined by
Napoleon Bonaparte. The alliance had as one of its conditions a combined invasion of India by the land
route. Therefore, the British wanted to create a barrier between Russia and British India. To achieve this,
Lord Minto sent three delegations under the leadership of various prominent persons to forge alliances.
Accordingly, Metcalfe was sent to Lahore, Elphinstone to Kabul, and Malcolm to Teheran. Sindh was
visited by Nicholas Smith, who met the Amirs to conclude a defensive arrangement. After negotiations,
the Amirs agreed to a treaty. Thus, Lord Warren Hastings is not associated with the treaty.
Statement 2 is correct: After negotiations, the Amirs of Sindh agreed to a treaty. Thus, the treaty of
Eternal Friendship is their first-ever treaty with the English.
.
Page 12 of 20
Statement 3 is correct: The treaty was seen as a defensive arrangement by the British. After professing
eternal friendship, both sides agreed to exclude the Napolean's France from Sindh and to exchange
agents at each other’s court. The treaty was renewed in 1820, with the addition of an article excluding the
Americans and resolving some border disputes on the side of Kachch after the final defeat of the Maratha
confederacy in 1818.
Q.30)
Ans) b
The subsidiary alliance system was used by Lord Wellesley, who was governor general from 1798–1805, to
build an empire in India. All those who entered into such an alliance with the British had to accept certain
terms and conditions.
Statement 1 is correct: The British would be responsible for protecting their ally from external and
internal threats to their power. British would defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of
non-interference in the internal matters of the allied state.
Statement 2 is correct: The ally would have to provide the resources for maintaining British
contingent within his territory. The allies lost much of their revenue in paying for the British troops.
Statement 3 is correct: In the territory of the ally, a British armed contingent would be stationed. The
allying Indian state’s ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within
his territory.
Statement 4 is incorrect: It was not the condition of subsidiary alliance that the allying Indian state has
to consult with the British resident in their court to deal with their internal affairs. Officially it was
decided that the allying states will be free in deciding their internal matters and they had to took
permission or British in case of their external affairs like waging a war or making alliance with other
states.
Source: Ncert Themes in Indian History Part III, Theme XI
Spectrum, Chapter 5: Expansion and Consolidation of British Power in India
Q.31)
Ans) d
The occupation of Assam in 1826 brought the British into close contacts with the mountain state of
Bhutan. British annexed Bhutanese passes leading to Assam and stopped the allowance paid to Bhutanese
for the following reason:
1) Frequent raids by Bhutanese into adjoining territories in Assam and Bengal and
2) The bad treatment meted out to Elgin’s envoy in 1863–64 and
3) The treaty imposed on Elgin, by which the British were forced to surrender the passes leading to
Assam.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Tibet was ruled by a theocracy of Buddhist monks (lamas) under nominal
suzerainty of China. The British efforts to establish friendly and commercial relations with Tibet had not
yielded any result in the past and a deadlock had been reached by the time of Curzon’s arrival in India.
The Chinese suzerainty over Tibet was ineffective and Russian influence at Lhasa was increasing. There
were reports of Russian arms and ammunition coming into Tibet. Curzon felt alarmed and sent a small
Gorkha contingent under Colonel Younghusband on a special mission to Tibet to oblige the Tibetans to
come to an agreement. Thus, Younghusband Mission is not associated with the State of Bhutan.
.
Page 13 of 20
Statement 2 is incorrect: Treaty of Sagauli (1816) is associated with the Anglo- Nepal Relations and not
Bhutan. As per the treaty,
1) Nepal accepted a British resident.
2) Nepal ceded the districts of Garhwal and Kumaon, and abandoned claims to Terai.
3) Nepal also withdrew from Sikkim.
Q.32)
Ans) d
The education imparted in 18th-century India was still traditional which could not match with the rapid
developments in the West. The knowledge was confined to literature, law, religion, philosophy, and logic
and excluded the study of physical and natural sciences, technology and geography. In fact, due to over-
reliance placed on ancient learning, any original thought got discouraged. The education was confined to
reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Chatuspathis or Tols, as they were called in Bihar and Bengal, were the centers
of higher education (not primary) during the 18th century.
Statement 2 is incorrect: In the 18th century India elementary education among the Hindus and the
Muslims was quite widespread. Sometimes children from the “lower caste” also attended the schools, but
female presence was rare.
Statement 3 is correct: Some of the famous centers for Sanskrit education in 18th century India were Kasi
(Varanasi), Tirhut (Mithila), Nadia and Utkala.
Source: Spectrum’s A brief History of Modern India Ch 4 pg 82
Q.33)
Ans) c
Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. In Bihar (not Rajasthan), the revolt was led by Kunwar Singh, the
zamindar of Jagdishpur.
Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Khan Bahadur formed his own government in Bareilly in the 1857 Indian
revolt against the British rule. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Bareilly, too, was captured by the
British.
Pair 3 is correctly matched. In June 1857, Nana Saheb and the sepoys he led attacked the British
entrenchment at Kanpur and captured it.
Pair 4 is correctly matched. Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah or Maulavi of Faizabad, was one of the leading
figures of the great Indian revolt of 1857. In the Awadh region, Maulavi Ahmadullah Shah was known as
the ‘Lighthouse of Rebellion’.
During the freedom struggle, Maulavi made Faizabad the centre and launched revolts in all of the Awadh
region.
Knowledge Base:
Other Centres of Revolt and Leaders-
Delhi - General Bakht Khan
Lucknow - Begum Hazrat Mahal
Jhansi - Rani Laxmibai
Source: Themes in Indian History Part III Chapter 2- Rebels and the Raj-The Revolt of 1857 and Its
Representations
Spectrum, modern India, Chapter-The Revolt of 1857, page no-175
.
.
.
.
Page 17 of 20

1) The peace at the border was not to be disrupted, and
2) No candidate in the civil war shall demand outside assistance.
Statement 2 is correct. It was a response of the Britishers to the failures of the First Afghan War and the
product of practical common sense, an in-depth understanding of the frontier issue, and the passion for
independence held by the Afghan people.
Statement 3 is correct. The ‘Policy of Masterly Inactivity' or 'Stationary School' aimed at reaching a
diplomatic understanding with Russia and adopting the policy of watchful non-intervention as far as
Afghanistan was concerned. There was no interference in the struggle for succession even after Dost
Muhammad passed away in 1863.
Source: https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/19853/1/Unit-6.pdf
Rajiv Ahir Chapter 5
Q.42)
Ans) b
The Taluqdars were aristocrats who formed the ruling class in their taluqs. They were owners of a vast
amount of lands, consistently hereditary, and were responsible for collecting taxes. Before the coming of
the British, taluqdars maintained armed retainers, built forts, and enjoyed a degree of autonomy, as long
as they accepted the suzerainty of the Nawab of Awadh and paid the revenue of their taluqs.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Summary Settlement of 1856 did not entitle Taluqdars to collect revenue in the
area of their control. Contrary, it was enacted to undermine the position and authority of the taluqdars.
After annexation of Awadh, the first British revenue settlement, known as the Summary Settlement of
1856, was based on the assumption that the taluqdars were interlopers with no permanent stakes in land.
They had established their hold over land through force and fraud. The Summary Settlement proceeded
to remove the taluqdars wherever possible. The dispossession of taluqdars meant the breakdown of an
entire social order. The ties of loyalty and patronage that had bound the peasant to the taluqdar were
disrupted.
Statement 2 is correct: British land revenue officers believed that by removing Taluqdars they would be
able to settle the land with the actual owners of the soil and thus reduce the level of exploitation of
peasants while increasing the revenue returns for the British. It is true that the land revenue for the
Company increased but the burden of demand from the peasants didnot decline.
Source: NCERT CLASS 12, THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III-THEME 11
Q.43)
Ans) d
Stripurushtulna (A Comparison between Women and Man): By the 1880s, Indian women began to enter
universities. Some of them trained to be doctors and some became teachers. Many women started
writing and publishing their critical views on the position of women in society. In 1882, Tarabai Shinde, a
woman educated at home at Poona, published a book in Marathi language, Stripurushtulna (A Comparison
between Women and Men), criticizing the social differences between men and women.
Source: Ncert Class VIII , Our Past – Part III
Q.44)
Ans) d
In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England, Queen Elizabeth I, granting
it the sole right to trade with the East.
.
Page 18 of 20
The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. So, cotton and silk
from Bengal were the major items of export from India. Indigo and saltpetre were the other major
exports from India, and the fact that both products were produced in the eastern Gangetic plain,
especially in Bihar and Bengal, stimulated British efforts to establish factories on the east coast as well as
the west coast of the Indian subcontinent. Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon from India too were
in great demand in Europe.
Early in the 18th century the Portuguese found that they could import opium from India and sell it in
China at a considerable profit. By 1773 the British had discovered the trade, and became the leading
suppliers of the Chinese market. The opium exports from British India to China increased from 4,000
chests per year at the beginning of the 19th Century to more than 60,000 chests by the 1880s.
Q.45)
Ans) c
The Non-Brahminical movement was started by E.V. Ramaswamy Periyar. He is regarded as the 'Father of
the Dravidian movement'. He rebelled against caste and gender inequality in the Indian state of Tamil
Nadu. He was a critic of texts like the Manusmriti, Ramayana, and Mahabharata because in his opinion,
these had been utilised to uphold the caste system and subjugate women, therefore he was a loud critic
of them.
Statement 1 is correct. Ramanathan and Periyar Ramaswamy were interested in promoting the idea that
fostering self-respect among individuals would eliminate caste discrimination. This philosophy was
inspired by the emphasis on self-respect in Tamil literature, known as tan-maanam or suya
mariyadai. The injustices of the caste system and the authority of the Brahmins were the targets of the
movement. Primarily, it was the movement against the prevailing social order in which Brahmins were
occupying the top position in the society.
Statement 2 is correct. The non-Brahmin movement in Karnataka took its birth around 1918 and it was
spearheaded by Vokkaligas and Lingayats. A delegation of non-Brahmin leaders called on the Maharaja of
Mysore in 1918 and protested against the discrimination practised against non-Brahmins. This resulted in
the appointment of a committee headed by Sir Leslie Miller, who submitted his report in 1919. On the
recommendation of Miller, the Government passed an order for an equitable communal representation in
the public service.
Source: class 8 our past III: chapter 8
https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/19998/1/Unit-20.pdf
Q.46)
Ans) c
Statement 1 is correct: In Mahalwari system the responsibility of collecting revenue (assessed for the
entire village/ estate - called mahal) from all individuals and passing it on to the Company, was with the
Village Headman (or body of co-shares –bhaichara). The individuals were not directly responsible for
submitting revenue to the company.
In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected
taxes directly from the peasants.
Statement 2 is correct: Ryotwari system was prevalent in most of southern India, being the standard
system of the Madras Presidency.
.
Page 19 of 20
The system was devised by Capt. Alexander Read and Thomas Munro at the end of the 18th century and
introduced by the latter when he was governor (1820–27) of Madras.
Read and Munro provided a system where every field’s size and productivity are to be measured for
assessing revenue demands.
But this was never practically done in the areas under Ryotwari system of revenue administration. As a
result, extremely high revenue demands ranging from 33%-50% of estimated produce were made which
were uneconomical and could not be fulfilled by the peasants.
Source: NCERT Class 8th History - Our Pasts III Part II, Ch-2;
Modern Indian History by BL Grover, Ch-19
Q.47)
Ans) c
Joseph Francis Dupleix, born in 1697, was the son of a wealthy Farmer-General of Taxes and Director-
General of the Company of the Indies. He possessed qualities of an administrator, a diplomat, and a leader
besides having political insight with a broad vision.
1) In 1730, Dupleix won his case, and was appointed as governor of Chandernagore.
2) In 1741, he was appointed as the Director-General of French colonies in India. Later, he was
conferred the title of Nawab by the Mughal emperor and the subahdar of Deccan, Muzzaffar Jang.
3) He enhanced the defences of Pondicherry and made it the emporium of commerce in south India.
4) The effective diplomacy of Dupleix can be seen from the analysis of the first two Carnatic wars. He
used the Nawab of Carnatic to forbid the English from waging war in his territories so that the French
settlements at Pondicherry could be protected till the French forces acquired enough strength.
5) Dupleix was the first European to interfere in the internal politics of the Indian rulers. He supported
Muzzaffar Jang for Hyderabad and Chanda Sahib for Carnatic and his candidates emerged successful
and, in return, gave great concessions to Dupleix.
6) Dupleix was, in fact, the originator of the practice of subsidiary alliance in India. He placed a French
army at Hyderabad at the expense of the subahdar.
Source: Modern History, Spectrum, Chapter-3, Pg. 47-48
Q.48)
Ans) b
Indigo is a plant that yields a rich blue dye. Before man-made blue dyes were created, natural indigo dye
was highly valued by cloth makers around the world. By the early 19th century, India supplied the vast
majority of the indigo imported into Britain.
Statement 1 is incorrect: Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an
agreement (satta). At times they pressurised the village headmen to sign the contract on behalf of the
ryots. Those who signed the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to
produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25 per cent of the area
under his holding. When the crop was delivered to the planter after the harvest, a new loan was given to
the ryot, and the cycle started all over again. Peasants who were initially tempted by the loans soon
realized how harsh the system was. The price they got for the indigo they produced was very low and the
cycle of loans never ended.
Statement 2 is correct: Indigo required very fertile lands on which Ryots preferred to grow paddy. The
opportunity cost of growing Indigo on such fertile lands was high, as they could grow other crops that
were more profitable and had higher food value.
.
Page 20 of 20
Indigo had long roots in the soil and thus Indigo growing depleted the soil quality rapidly, making it
less suitable for future crop cultivation. This made it harder for Ryots to maintain their livelihoods in the
long term.
Source: 8th Class NCERT History Our Pasts-III
Q.49)
Ans) b
Statement 1 is incorrect. Portuguese were initially quite tolerant towards the Hindus. However, over
time, after the introduction of the Inquisition in Goa, there was a change and Hindus were also
persecuted. They were also intolerant towards the Muslims.
Statement 2 is correct. Arriving in the East, the Portuguese brought with them the same zeal to promote
Christianity and the wish to persecute all Muslims.
Statement 3 and 4 are correct. Alfonso De Albuquerque, the Portuguese Governor, initiated the policy of
marrying with the natives of India and banned the practice of Sati in his area of influence in 1515.
Source: NCERT class 8 chapter 2
Rajiv Ahir.
Q.50)
Ans) d
Starting or the First railway line is earliest in chronological order followed by the establishment of the
first spinning and weaving mill in Bombay and finally beginning of elected representatives in
Municipalities which happened in 1870's.
Event-3: In the chronological sequence event 3 was the first to occur. The first railway line in India was
opened for public traffic on 16 April 1853 between Mumbai and Thane over a distance of 34 km.
Event 1: Event 1 was second in the order of chronology. In 1857, the first spinning and weaving mill was
established in Mumbai, thus creating a cotton textile industry that was given a boost by the American
Civil War, which broke out in 1861.By 1860 the city had become the largest cotton market in India.
Event 2: Event occurred last in chronological order. The Municipal Corporation in India, like its
counterpart the country borough in England, is the highest form of municipal government designed for
the administration of civic affairs of the top-class cities in the country. Municipal government in India has
been in existence since the year 1687 with the formation of Madras Municipal Corporation and then
Calcutta and Bombay Municipal Corporations in 1726. In 1850, the improvement in Towns Act was passed
by the government of India that established a system of councilor and gave them administrative
authority. Subsequently, Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870 instituted the system of city municipalities and
called for the introduction of an elected president of lead them. Therefore, in 1870s we had seen the
beginning of elected representatives in municipalities.
Source: Ncert Themes in Indian History Part III, Theme XII, page 344.

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Q.7) In the context of colonial India, which of a) B.R. Ambedkar.

Q.28) With reference to the Indian history, b) 1, 2 and 3 only

Q.2 a b c d Q.37 a b c d Q.72 a b c d

Q.3 a b c d Q.38 a b c d Q.73 a b c d

Q.4 a b c d Q.39 a b c d Q.74 a b c d

Q.5 a b c d Q.40 a b c d Q.75 a b c d

Q.6 a b c d Q.41 a b c d Q.76 a b c d

Q.7 a b c d Q.42 a b c d Q.77 a b c d

Q.8 a b c d Q.43 a b c d Q.78 a b c d

Q.9 a b c d Q.44 a b c d Q.79 a b c d

Q.10 a b c d Q.45 a b c d Q.80 a b c d

Q.11 a b c d Q.46 a b c d Q.81 a b c d

Q.12 a b c d Q.47 a b c d Q.82 a b c d

Q.13 a b c d Q.48 a b c d Q.83 a b c d

Q.14 a b c d Q.49 a b c d Q.84 a b c d

Q.15 a b c d Q.50 a b c d Q.85 a b c d

Q.16 a b c d Q.51 a b c d Q.86 a b c d

Q.17 a b c d Q.52 a b c d Q.87 a b c d

Q.18 a b c d Q.53 a b c d Q.88 a b c d

Q.19 a b c d Q.54 a b c d Q.89 a b c d

Q.20 a b c d Q.55 a b c d Q.90 a b c d

Q.21 a b c d Q.56 a b c d Q.91 a b c d

Q.22 a b c d Q.57 a b c d Q.92 a b c d

Q.23 a b c d Q.58 a b c d Q.93 a b c d

Q.24 a b c d Q.59 a b c d Q.94 a b c d

Q.25 a b c d Q.60 a b c d Q.95 a b c d

Q.26 a b c d Q.61 a b c d Q.96 a b c d

Q.27 a b c d Q.62 a b c d Q.97 a b c d

Q.28 a b c d Q.63 a b c d Q.98 a b c d

Q.29 a b c d Q.64 a b c d Q.99 a b c d

Q.30 a b c d Q.65 a b c d Q.100 a b c d

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