Have to: external obligation (körülmények okozta kényszer) mustn't : tilos/prohibition (tiltás) Had to: obligation in the past (a must-é és a have to-é a múltban) Don't have to/doesn't have tol: absence of necessity=no need Should/ought to: advice, opinion, suggestion (javaslat), mild obligation (enyhe emlékeztetés kötelességre), probability (lehetőség) Had better: strong advice. A threat or warning. Negative: had better not. Commonly used: 'd better. would rather: preference (előnybe részesités). Often followed by than. ALL THESE COME WITHOUT TO- ACTION. Ability (képesség): can in present, Could in past, was/were able to in a specific situation. Negatives: Can't , couldn't, wasn't/weren't able to. Possibility (lehetőség): May/could; may not - expresses the lack of (hiány) possibility Permission: engedély. can, could, may to ask for permission. Can't, may not: refuse permission (elutasitása az engedélynek) Request (kérés): can, could, would. Could, would more polite. Suggestions, offers (ajánlat, javaslat) can, could.