Yangon Technological University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Workshop Technology II
WS-22012

Daw Ei Ei Soe
Lecturer
09757866071
eieisoe.me@gmail.com
Chapter (2)
Safety in the Machine Shop
General Shop Safety
1. Why is it dangerous for a
machine operator to wear a
woolen sweater?
 The strands of the wool that go
into the making of a sweater are
long and unbroken.
 One strand caught on a revolving
dog or job can bring the machine
operator much closer to danger.
 Machine tool spindles, whether
on a lathe or a drill press, turn
many revolutions in a second,
and much damage can be done
before the machine is brought to2
a stop.
2. What is the objection to wearing canvas shoe in a
machine shop?
▪ The soft material from which
the upper part of the canvas
shoe is made offers no
resistance to a hard object,
whether it is falling or
stumbled against.
▪ The rubber soles are easily
penetrable by steel chips and
sharp-edged machined
surfaces.
▪ Strongly made safety shoes
having steel toe caps offer
good insurance against
injuries.

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3. When should gloves be worn in a
machine shop?
▪ Gloves should be worn when the
worker is moving sheet metal or large
pieces of stock, especially when stock
edges are sharp or ragged.
▪ Gloves should also be worn when the
worker is pouring liquids that are
injurious to human skin and whenever
it is necessary for him to handle metal
chips of any size or shape.

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4. Why should goggles or safety
glasses be worn by everybody
working in the machine shop?
▪ Injury to the eye can be caused by
flying particles of metal that result
when the work piece resists the
cutting tool.
▪ These flying pieces of metal do not
single out the man behind the
cutting tool.
▪ Chips can fly in any direction to hit
anybody in the shop. Everybody in
the shop needs the protection of
safety glasses.

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5. Why is it dangerous to leave pieces
of stock on the floor of the shop?
▪ Men do not walk through a machine
shop with their eyes looking at the
floor, therefore a workman is apt to
step on a small piece of stock left on
the floor.
▪ A fall can cause serious injury. A fall
that carries the victim into a moving
machine can be fatal.

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6. How should chips be
removed from the table
or bed of a machine?
 Because metal chips
have sharp edges, which
cut and penetrate skin, Cleaning brush Sweeping brush
chips should never be
handled.
Machine can be kept
clear of chips by
periodically sweeping (or
brushing) them away.
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Safety on the Bench
7. What are the rules for the safe use of files?

A. Be sure that the file has a

handle. See that the handle
fits security. Never use a file
without a handle.

B. Remove burrs and abrasions from the

file handle before using it. They cause
blisters.

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C. Do not use a file as a hammer.
Flying pieces of hardened steel can
pierce human skin.

D. Striking a file with a hammer

will also cause steel splinters to fly.

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E. Using a file as a pry bar
is a sure way of breaking it.

F. Keep files separated from

each other and do not throw
files against other files
when returning them to the
tool drawer.

G. Keep file teeth clear of

pins. Do not let oil and dirt
collect in the gullets of the
file. A file that slips over
the metal can cause skinned
knuckles.

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8. Many workers are hurt because of the misuse of
hammers. What rules, if followed, will remove the
cause of these accidents?

A. Always check the fit of the handle in the hammer head.

Make sure that the wedge is in place, and tight.

B. Do not use a hammer with a broken or split handle.

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C. Always remove oil, grease, and dirt from the
face and the handle of the hammer.

D. Never use the face of the hammer to strike

against another hardened tool.

E. Use the right sized hammer for the job an 8-

0z hammer will not do the work of a 1 ½ - lb
hammer.

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 Hacksaw Safety
9. What other rules should be observed for the
practice of safety when hacksawing?

A. Grip the work in the vise so that the saw cut will be near
the jaws.
B. Apply pressure only on the forward stroke.
C. Start the saw cut with a light, even, forward stroke,
holding the saw frame at an angle. When the cut is
established, hold the frame level and saw the full width of
the job.
D. Take the longest stroke possible, but do not permit the
blade-supporting pins to touch the job.
E. Use a blade having the proper number of teeth per inch to
suit the job fine pitch for thin metal coarse pitch for
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thick pieces.
How To Use a Hacksaw

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Drill Press Safety

Drill Press
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 10. What is the most common
cause of accidents on a drill
press?
Most drilling accidents are
caused by the work not being
securely fastened. The job must be
securely held clamped, or bolted
down, whatever size hole is being
drilled.

11. Why should the drill press

operator keep his hair cut short, or
wear a cap?
To prevent stray strands of hair
from being caught in the fast-moving
belts or the revolving drill spindle.

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12. How can a dull drill cause
an accident?
A dull drill will not cut,
but the inexperienced operator
will increase the pressure of
the feed, hoping to force the
drill into the work. The drill
will break, and the flying
pieces cause painful injuries.

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13. What are the most important rules for safe
operation of the drill press?

Follow these safe drilling practices:

A. Think about what you are doing. Keep your mind on
the job.

B. Dress safety. Remove rings, watches, identification

bracelets, and neckties. Roll up sleeves.

C. Fasten the job or vise securely to the table.

D. Remove tools, clamps wrenches, and so forth from

the table before starting the drill.

E. Remove drill drift from spindle or chuck key from the

drill chuck immediately after use.

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F. When the drill becomes dull, resharpen it or replace
it.

G. Grind the drill correctly for the metal it is required to

cut.

H. As the drill breaks through the work relieve the

down-feed pressure.

I. Stop the machine before measuring or adjusting the job.

J. Stop the machine before using a brush to remove chips and

excess coolant.

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Lathe Machine Operation

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 Safety on the Lathe

14. Why is it considered dangerous to permit a large

accumulation of chips in the lathe pan?
▪ A long chip may begin to wind around the revolving
job.
▪ Such a chip will carry the chips from the lathe pan with
if.
▪ Even if the winding chips do not injure the machinist
who is operating the lathe, they can spoil the job.

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Operation of Milling Machine

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Milling Safety

15. How should milling cutters be

handled?
▪ Milling cutters have sharp
cutting edges and should be
handled carefully.
▪ They should be held-in a piece
of cloth to prevent injury to the
operator and to the cutting edges.

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16. Why do careful milling machine operators
place their tools on a board or piece of cloth?

▪ Milling cutters have sharp edges that should

not be chipped or dulled.

▪ Placing these tools on a wooden board protects

both the cutting edges of the cutters and the
surface of the milling machine table.

▪ It also helps the operator to keep his tools

together and prevents them from sliding around
when the machine vibrates.
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17. Is there a safe side and an unsafe side of a milling machine
when the cutter is revolving?
▪ The milling machine operator should not stand on the side that
the cutter is entering the work.
▪ The revolving cutter can drag the brush or anything else that gets
near enough into the work.
▪ The operator should always stand on the going away side of the
cutter.

18. Why do milling machine safety rules emphasize the

importance of keeping away from the cutter?
▪ There is a tendency for the new operator to get too close to the
place where the cutter is removing metal.
▪ This makes it possible for the flying chips to cut the operator’s
face.
▪ Also, fumes and spray from the soluble coolant oils may cause
infection.
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Shaper Operation

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Shaper Safety
19. What part of the shaper operator’s body is most
frequently injured?
▪ Most accidents happen to the operator’s hands.
▪ Fingers are caught between the cutting tool and the
work.
▪ It is dangerous to attempt to remove chips by hand.
▪ Wait until the cutting tool is on the return stroke; then
brush the chips away.

20. Why should the operator of the shaping machine

wear safety glasses?
▪ The chips released by the shaper cutting tool seem to
fly with extra force.
▪ That is why not only the shaper operator, but all those
near the shaper should protect their eyes with safety
glasses.
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21. Why should the speed and length of the stroke
be checked before starting the machine?
▪ If the longest stroke is operated at the highest speed
the mechanism of the machine can become
damaged.
▪ Always check speed and stroke before engaging the
clutch.

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Safety on the Grinding Machine

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22. What are the principal safety rules that the
grinding machine operator must follow?

Follow these safe grinding practices:

A. Safety goggles must be worn at all times.
B. Test the soundness of the grinding wheel and
inspect it for cracks before mounting it on the machine
spindle.
C. Check the wheel bushing and the machine spindle
for size identification. The bushing must neither
extend beyond the width of the wheel nor bind tightly
on the spindle.
D. Wheel blotters must be fitting between the wheel
and the flanges. The blotters must be the same
diameter as the flanges, never less.
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E. Check the operating speed of the machine and
compare it with the wheel manufacturer’s
recommendations.
F. See that all guards and protective hoods are in place
and tightly secured before starting the machine. Turn
wheel over by hand to check clearance.
G. Check to make sure that the wheel is clear of the
work and that the feed is disengaged before starting
the machine.
H. Make certain that small work is securely nested and
the nest is blocked on two sides.
I. Do not start an unguarded machine. Using
unguarded machines can lead to eye injuries or other
serious injuries.
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J. Before starting any grinding wheel stand to one side,
allow the wheel to run full speed for one full
minute to insure that it is sound.

K. Always feed the work gently and steadily into the

revolving grinding wheel.

L. Keep your head out of the line of the sparks.

M. Never place your hands near the revolving wheel.

N. Never attempt to remove work, open vise, or shut

off magnetic chuck until the wheel clears the job and
has come to a complete stop.
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THANK YOU

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