Yangon Technological University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Workshop Technology II
WS-22012

Daw Ei Ei Soe
Lecturer
09757866071
eieisoe.me@gmail.com
 Chapter (8)
Soldering and Brazing

1. What is Soldering?
➢Soldering is defined as a group of joining
processes wherein coalescence is
produced by heating to a suitable
temperature and by using a filler metal
having liquids up to 427C and below the
solidification temperature of the base
metals.
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2. Define soft soldering and hard soldering?

•Soft soldering is a metal joining process

which utilizes a low melting point metal,
heat and filler materials.

•Hard soldering is a metal joining process

which utilizes a high melting point metal,
heat and filler materials.
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3. Describe the different types of soldering joints
with sketches?

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 Lap joint
Butt joint

Scarf joint

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Pipe joint

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4. Enumerate the factors involved in a good
soldering process?
Good soldering joints depend upon the following factors,
i. Selection and design of proper joint
ii. Selection of the proper solder and flux
iii. Proper cleaning of the joint
iv. Fluxing and assembly of components
v. Heating of the joint to optimum temperature
vi. Performing the operation and allowing the joint to cool
vii.Cleaning the joint
viii.Testing the joint
5. Define the soldering flux?
Soldering flux may be defined as a substance (solid,
liquid, or gaseous) applied to a metal to make the solder
flow readily and give a permanent joint to that metal.

6. What are the requirements of a good soldering flux?

i. To clean the surface of the base metal during heating
ii. To eliminate impurities present in metals
iii. To break down the surface tension of the metal and
enable the solder to flow
iv. To prevent the formation of fresh oxides by forming a
protective layer on the solder
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7. What are the different types of soldering
fluxes commonly used?
Soldering fluxes can be categorized in
the following manner
i. Inorganic or acid corrosive fluxes
ii. Organic acid or mild fluxes
iii.Rosin non-corrosive fluxes

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8. What are the different methods of Soldering?
According to the method of application of heat, the
following soldering methods are practiced.
i. Torch method
ii. Furnace and hot plate method
iii. Soldering iron method
iv. Resistance method
v. Induction method
vi. Spray method
vii.Ultrasonic method
viii.Condensation method
9. What is brazing?
➢ Brazing may be defined as the technique of joining
two similar or dissimilar materials by addition of
special filler metal.
➢ Brazing gives a much stronger joint than soldering
but requires greater heat which cannot be obtained
from a copper bit used in soft soldering.
➢ The filler metal used in brazing is known as a
spelter. In brazing, metallic parts are joined by a
nonferrous metal or alloy.
➢ The melting temperature of a spelter should be
above 427C.
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10. Explain different between brazing and welding?

No. Brazing Welding

1 Surface to be brazed is not
raised to fusion point.
2 Brazed joints are not so
strong.
3 Brazing alloy spreads by
capillary action.
4 Dissimilar metal can be
joined.
5 Brazing temperatures are
low.
6 Components maintain
more precision tolerance.
Surface to be welded is
raised to fusion point.
Welded joints are very
strong.
The weld solidifies
almost at the same place
where it melts.
Generally similar metal
are joined.
Welding temperatures
are high.
Components maintain
less precision tolerance. 14
11. Differentiate between soldering and brazing?
No. Soldering
1. Joint requires finishing
2. Soldering joints are very
weak and are used for
electrical contacts, fluid
tightness or sealing
characteristic
3. Used for joining metals and
alloys below 427C
4. Soldered joints have weak
tearing strength
Brazing
Little finishing is required
Joints are strong with
good resistance to fatigue
and corrosion
Used for joining metals
and alloys above 427C
The tearing strength is
high
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12. What are the disadvantages of brazing?
i. Large areas cannot be brazed easily due to
lack of uniform heating of internal surfaces.
ii. Brazed joints have poor strength than
welding.
iii. A certain degree of skill is required to
perform brazing operations.
iv. Brazing requires tightly mating parts. To
obtain desired finish for proper fit, the cost
of machining is high.
v. Brazing fluxes may produce toxic fumes.
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13. What are the precautions necessary in
brazing?
i. Properly clean the joints so that they do not contain
harmful elements.
ii. Use the right flux in an optimal quantity.
iii. Use proper spelter in a minimum quantity.
iv. The joint must be reasonably tight.
v. Apply correct heat to workpiece and solder.
vi. Avoid prolonged heating.
vii.Use proper atmosphere.
viii.Heat the workpieces to uniform temperature. 17
14. Enumerate the various applications of brazing?
i. Joining carbide tips with mild steel shanks
ii. Joining of east parts to wrought parts
iii. Joining non-metals to metals
iv. Joining dissimilar metals
v. Steam turbine industry
vi. Cycle industry
vii.Joining nickel and its alloys
viii.Fibre and dispersion strengthening components
ix. Porous metal components
x. Fastening of pipe fittings, tanks, heat exchangers and
electrical repair work 18
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