7.1.

Integration by Parts

7 Techniques of Integration

7.1 Integration by Parts

Every di↵erentiation rule has a corresponding integration rule. For instance, u sub
for integration corresponds to the Chain Rule for taking derivatives. The technique
that corresponds to the Product Rule for taking derivatives is called Integration by
Parts (or IBP).

To determine what Integration by Parts looks like, let’s remind ourselves what the
Product Rule looks like and what the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is:

Product rule:

FTC:

Now, let’s take an integral of the Product Rule and use the FTC:

We can rearrange this sum to get the formula for Integration by Parts:

Definition 7.1: Integration by Parts (indefinite integrals)

Z Z
0
uv = uv + C v u0 ,

where C is a constant of integration.

Note: our aim in using integration by parts is to obtain a simpler integral than
the one we started with. When we choose u and v 0 , we usually try to choose u
to be a function that becomes simpler when we take the derivative.

48
 7.1. Integration by Parts

Z
Example 7.1 Find x sin(x) dx . Why can we not use u sub here?

Example 7.2 Verify that your integral is correct from example 7.1 using di↵erenti-
ation.

Example 7.3 Now, switch your u and v 0 choices from example 7.1. Why is this not
as helpful of a choice for u and v 0 ?

49
 7.1. Integration by Parts

Z
Example 7.4 Determine ln(x) dx , and then verify your answer is correct with
di↵erentiation.

Z
Example 7.5 Calculate t2 et dt , and then verify your answer is correct with dif-
ferentiation.

50
 7.1. Integration by Parts

Definition 7.2: Integration by Parts (definite integrals)

Z b b Z b
0
uv = uv v u0 .
a a a

Z 2
Example 7.6 Evaluate x2 ln(x) dx . Leave your answer in exact form (i.e., do
1
not round or approximate your answer).

Example 7.7 Top Fuel Dragsters accelerate faster than any other ground vehicles
and can reach speeds of 335 miles per hour. This is equivalent to about 491 feet
per second, or about one and a half football fields per second. Consider a top fuel
dragster with a velocity of v(t) = 75t et feet per second after t seconds. How far will
the dragster travel from 0 to 1 second?

51
 7.1. Integration by Parts

Z
Example 7.8 Calculate sin(x) ex dx .

Z
Example 7.9 Determine cos(x) ex dx .

52
 7.1. Integration by Parts

7.1.1 Reduction Formulas

Z
Let’s find xn ex dx .

Z
Example 7.10 Use the reduction formula we derived above to calculate x2 ex dx .

Example 7.11 Use the reduction formula

Z Z
n 1 n 1 n 1
sin (x) dx = cos(x) sin (x) + sinn 2 (x) dx
n n
Z
to evaluate the integral sin2 (x) dx .

53
 7.1. Integration by Parts

7.1.2 Section Recap

What are some take-away concepts from this section?

54