Questions

Q1.

Describe one way in which a region affected by volcanic eruptions can prepare for this hazard.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q2.

Identify one natural cause that might lead to a change in global temperature.
(1)

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(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q3.

Describe one human activity that has led to an increase in greenhouse gases.
(2)

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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q4.

For a named country, suggest one possible impact of higher global temperatures.
(2)
Named country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q5.

'The causes of past climate change and current global warming are different'. Assess this statement.
(8)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q6.

Assess the importance of the primary and secondary impacts of either

earthquakes or volcanoes in an emerging or developing country.
(8)
Named emerging or developing country ............................................................................

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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q7.

Assess the reasons why some countries are more vulnerable than others to the impacts of tropical
cyclones.
(8)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q8.

Assess the view that coastal flooding is the main physical hazard caused by tropical cyclones.
(8)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q9.

Hazardous Earth

Assess the view that human activities causing climate change have become more important than the
natural causes of climate change.
(8)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q10.

Study Figure 1, which shows changing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere between 1960 and
2020.
(i) Identify the year in which the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 400 parts per
million (ppm).
(1)
A 2015
B 2000
C 1995
D 1990

(ii) Calculate the amount by which carbon dioxide (ppm) increased between 1960 and 2020.
(1)

........................................................... ppm

(iii) State two human activities which cause the enhanced greenhouse effect.
(2)
1 ............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q11.
Analyse the data in Figure 2.

(i) Calculate the ratio of the number of deaths between the two tropical cyclones.
(1)

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(ii) Describe how social media could be used to record the impact of a tropical cyclone.
(2)
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(iii) Explain one reason why the economic cost of tropical cyclones varies.
(3)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q12.

Food prices can be influenced by changes in climate.

Study Figure 1b, which shows the changing global price of sugar and meat from 1990 to 2015.

(i) Compare the changes in the price of meat and sugar between 1990 and 2015.
(2)
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(ii) Explain one reason why climate change might affect the price of food.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q13.

Study Figure 3 which shows four projections about sea level rise from 2020 to 2100.

(i) Compare the highest and the lowest sea level projections.
(2)
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(ii) Using data from Figure 3 explain two reasons for the range of projections shown.
(4)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q14.

Describe one action that can be taken to reduce the impact of earthquakes.
(2)

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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q15.

Describe one action that can be taken to reduce the impact of future earthquakes.
(2)

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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q16.
Describe one method that can be used to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q17.

Analyse the data in Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mean Antarctic temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past 200,000 years

(i) Describe the trends in mean Antarctic temperatures and CO2 concentration as shown in Figure 2. Use
numeric data in your answer.
(3)
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(ii) Explain one natural cause of climate change.

(2)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q18.

Study Figure 2 which shows the area of ice in the Arctic Ocean each spring between 1978 and 2018.
(i) Describe the trend in the area of Arctic ice between 1978 and 2018.
Use data in your answer.
(3)
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(ii) Identify one reason for the changing area of Arctic ice shown in Figure 2.
(1)
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(iii) Explain two ways in which changes in the area of Arctic ice may have consequences for people.
(4)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q19.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the management of a volcanic or earthquake hazard in either a named
emerging or developing country.
(8)
Named emerging or developing country

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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q20.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the methods of response to a tropical cyclone in a named developed
country.
(8)
Named developed country ...........................................

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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q21.

Explain one cause for the movement of tectonic plates.

(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q22.

Using named countries, evaluate whether the impacts of tectonic hazards on emerging or developing
countries are greater than those in developed countries

Named emerging or developing country ...........................................................

Named developed country ...........................................................

(8)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q23.

Explain one piece of evidence which suggests human activity is causing climate change.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q24.

Explain how an increase in greenhouse gases can result in climate change.

(4)

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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q25.

Study Figure 3, which is a map showing the Indonesian earthquake and tsunami which occurred in
September 2018.
(i) Explain how earthquakes can cause tsunamis.
(2)
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(ii) Using Figure 3, suggest two reasons why many deaths occurred in Palu following the earthquake.
 (4)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q26.

Explain one way in which global atmospheric circulation determines the location of high rainfall (low
pressure) areas.

You may use a diagram to help your answer.

(3)

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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q27.

Study Figure 3.

Figure 3
 Actual and predicted path of Hurricane Matthew (Oct 2016) and data for selected countries

(i) Haiti appears to be very vulnerable to the impacts of Hurricane Matthew.

Using Figure 3, suggest two reasons why.
(4)
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(ii) Figure 3 includes a GIS cyclone track map.

Explain two ways maps such as these can help countries to prepare for tropical cyclones.
(4)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q28.

Explain one way people can predict volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.

(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q29.

Explain one difference between shield and composite volcanoes.

(2)
You may use a diagram to help your answer.

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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q30.

Explain one difference between the type of volcanoes found at divergent and convergent plate
boundaries.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q31.

Explain one piece of evidence of natural climate change.

(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q32.

Explain one reason why some areas are arid (have low rainfall).
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q33.
Study Figure 1 which shows climate data for selected cities in Africa.

Explain one reason why some areas have high annual rainfall.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q34.

Explain one way in which historical records provide evidence of past climate change.
(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q35.

Explain two natural causes of past climate change.

(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q36.

(i) Explain one cause of a tsunami.

(2)
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(ii) Identify one primary impact of tectonic hazards.

(1)
A loss of employment
B spread of disease
C destruction of buildings
D homelessness
 (Total for question = 3 marks)

Q37.

Hazardous Earth

Explain two reasons why tropical cyclones form between latitudes 5° and 30° north and south of the
equator.
(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q38.

Explain two reasons why tropical cyclones lose their energy.

(4)
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 (Total for question = 4 marks)

Q39.

Hazardous Earth

Explain two reasons why some countries are more socially and economically vulnerable to the impacts of
tropical cyclones.
(4)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q40.

Explain why tropical cyclones lose their power over land.

(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q41.

Study Figure 3 which shows projected changes to precipitation and temperature in selected Asian cities
by 2050.

(i) Identify which city is projected to have the greatest increase in mean annual temperature by 2050.
(1)
A Rangoon
B Hiroshima
C Tehran
D Tashkent

(ii) Study Figure 4 which shows information about Hiroshima's annual precipitation in 2019 and 2050
(projected).

Calculate the projected percentage (%) decrease in Hiroshima's precipitation.

Give your answer to one decimal place.
You must show your working.
(2)
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(iii) Explain two ways in which climate change causes sea levels to rise.
(4)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q42.

Describe how one human activity can contribute to climate change.

(2)
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(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q43.

Study Figure 1a which shows four locations in the African continent

(i) Identify which one of the following is the location of an arid area.
(1)

(ii) Identify which one of the following statements describes the movement of air in a Hadley Cell?
(1)
(iii) Explain one role of ocean currents.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q44.

The Saffir-Simpson Scale measures the magnitude of tropical cyclones.

Identify one source of data used to calculate the Saffir-Simpson Scale of a tropical cyclone.
(1)
A satellite imagery
B seismometer readings
C recorded wind speeds
D thermometer readings

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q45.

Study Figure 1.
 Figure 1

The Earth's layered structure

(i) Identify which one of the following describes the outer core.
(1)
A a liquid layer of 2200 km in thickness
B a solid layer with temperatures over 5000° Celsius
C a layer of partly molten and partly solid rock
D a solid layer of 1300 km in thickness

(ii) State which one of the Earth's layers has the highest density.
(1)
A mantle
B crust
C inner core
D outer core

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q46.

Hazardous Earth

Study Figure 1 which shows atmospheric circulation cells in the Northern Hemisphere.
(i) Identify the lines of latitude with high annual rainfall.
(1)
A 90°N and 60°N
B 60°N and 0°
C 90°N and 0°
D 60°N and 30°N

(ii) Identify the atmospheric cells found at locations X and Y by completing the table using the list below.
(2)
 (Total for question = 3 marks)

Q47.

Hazardous Earth

Identify one tectonic location where volcanoes are never found.

(1)
A Conservative boundaries
B Hotspots
C Convergent boundaries
D Divergent boundaries

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q48.

Study Figure 1 which shows climate data for selected cities in Africa.

(i) Identify the city with the lowest mean annual temperature.
(1)
A Cairo
B Bamako
C Libreville
D Luanda

(ii) Calculate the range of mean annual rainfall shown in Figure 1.

 (1)

........................................................... mm

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q49.

Hazardous Earth

Study Figure 3 which shows the estimated risk to Asian cities by rising sea levels and flooding by 2030.

(i) Identify the city with the greatest estimated number of people at risk in 2030.
(1)
A Manila
 B Bangkok
C Jakarta
D Tokyo

(ii) In 2020, the GDP of Manila was 117 billion US$ (US Dollars).
Calculate the estimated GDP of Manila in 2030.
You must show your working.
(2)

........................................................... billion US$

(Total for question = 3 marks)