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ПІБ студента Таратун Анастасія Група Па 10-22

Модульна контрольна робота з дисципліни


Теорія і практика письмового перекладу з англійської мови

1. Write about:
the most common contextual meanings of the definite article and means
of expressing them in Ukrainian; the most common contextual
meanings of the indefinite article and means of expressing them in
Ukrainian.
The definite article ("the") and the indefinite article ("a" or "an") play crucial roles in
English grammar, providing important contextual meanings to nouns. Let's explore
their common contextual meanings and ways to express them in Ukrainian.
Definite Article "The":
Specificity:
English: "I saw a cat in the garden. The cat was black."
Ukrainian: "Я бачив кота в саду. Цей кіт був чорний."
The definite article "the" is used to specify a particular noun that has been mentioned
or is known to the speaker and the listener.
Uniqueness:
English: "The sun rises in the east."
Ukrainian: "Сонце сходить на сході."
"The" is employed when referring to unique entities, such as the sun or the moon.
Superlatives:
English: "He is the tallest boy in the class."
Ukrainian: "Він найвищий хлопець в класі."
The definite article is used with superlatives to indicate the highest or the best in a
category.
Indefinite Articles "A" and "An":
Generalization:
English: "I saw a cat in the garden."
Ukrainian: "Я бачив кота в саду."
The indefinite articles "a" or "an" are used to introduce a non-specific or generic
noun.
Countable Singular Nouns:
English: "I need a pen."
Ukrainian: "Мені потрібна ручка."
"A" or "an" is used with countable singular nouns when referring to one item of a
type.
Professions and Nationalities:
English: "She is an artist."
Ukrainian: "Вона – художниця."
Indefinite articles are used before professions and nationalities.
The definite article "the" specifies known or mentioned nouns, while the indefinite
articles "a" and "an" introduce non-specific or generic nouns.
2. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1. Desperately he came to a halt in front of one decent picture hanging on the walls.
(A. Huxley) – Він відчайдушно зупинився перед однією пристойною
картиною, що висіла на стіні. 2.1 honestly think if a person's an artist nobody
ought to have any feeling at all about meeting him. – Чесно кажучи, якщо якась
персона є артистом, ніхто не повинен відчувати жодних почуттів перед
зустріччю з ним. (D. Parker) 3. Life worried and bored him, and time was a
vexation. – Життя хвилювало та було нудним для нього, та і час був якоюсь
прикрістю. (J. London) 4. He is a man. (Ibid.) – Він чоловік. 5. He was over to San
Francisco yesterday looking for a ship. – Він був у Сан-Франциско вчора в
пошуках будь-якого корабля. (Ibid.) 6. «What's that?» he replied to a question
from Olney that broke in upon his train of thought. – «Що це?» він відповів на
питання від Олні, яке увірвалося в хід його думок. (Ibid.) 7. «Yes, she is a
peacock in everything but beauty», said Lord Henry. – «Вона неперевершена у
всьому, окрім краси», сказав Лорд Генрі. (O. Wilde) 8.1 have not laid eyes on
him for a week. – Я не випускала його з поля зору цілий тиждень. (Ibid.) 9.
They are always telling that it (America) is the Paradise for women. – Вони завжди
говорять про те, що Америка є раєм для жінок. (Ibid.) 10. Were people to gape
at the mystery of his life? – Чи мали люди роззявити рота, щоб зазирнути в
таємницю його життя? (Ibid.) 11. «An eternity», she tells me... – «Вічність»,
вона сказала мені. (Ibid.) 12. There is hardly a single person in the House of
Commons worth painting – У будинку громад навряд-чи знайдеться хоч одна
людина, яка заслуговує на те, щоб її намалювали. (Ibid.)
3. The structural peculiarities of the word-combinations referred to as
asyndetic substantival/noun clusters. The principle of identifying the
number of componental parts in asyndetic substantival clusters.
Asyndetic substantival or noun clusters refer to word combinations in which nouns or
substantives are grouped together without the use of conjunctions (such as "and" or
"or"). These clusters often occur in a series, presenting a list of related or similar
items. The structural peculiarities and the principle of identifying the number of
component parts in asyndetic substantival clusters can be outlined as follows:
Structural Peculiarities:
Absence of Conjunctions:
Asyndetic clusters lack conjunctions that typically join words or phrases in a series.
Parallel Structure:
The components within the cluster often exhibit a parallel structure, maintaining a
similar grammatical form.
Similarity or Relatedness:
The nouns within the cluster are usually related in meaning, presenting a coherent
group.
Example:
In English:
"A lion, a tiger, a bear" - The absence of conjunctions and the parallel structure of the
nouns (all animals) create an asyndetic substantival cluster.
In Ukrainian:
"Книга, ручка, блокнот" - Here, the absence of conjunctions and the parallel
structure of nouns (all related to writing or office supplies) form an asyndetic
substantival cluster.
Identifying the Number of Component Parts:
The principle of identifying the number of component parts in asyndetic substantival
clusters involves counting the individual nouns or substantives within the cluster.
Each distinct item in the series contributes to the overall count.
Example:
"A chair, a table, a lamp" - This cluster has three component parts: chair, table, and
lamp.
Function and Effect:
Conciseness and Impact: Asyndetic substantival clusters are often employed to
convey information in a concise and impactful manner, emphasizing a series of
related items without the interruption of conjunctions.
Rhetorical Effect: The absence of conjunctions can create a rhetorical effect,
highlighting each item in the list and giving a sense of immediacy or urgency.
Asyndetic substantival or noun clusters exhibit structural peculiarities such as the
absence of conjunctions, a parallel structure among components, and a focus on
related items. The number of component parts can be identified by counting the
distinct items in the series. These clusters serve stylistic and communicative purposes
in language.
4. Prior to translating the sentences below into Ukrainian point out the sense
units in these asyndetic substantival clusters and find the starting
component for a faithful conveying of their meaning into Ukrainian:
1. The three-man UN mission leaves London today after four days of talks with
the British Government. – Три чоловіки Місії ООН сьогодні покидають
Лондон після чотирьох денних переговорів з Британським урядом.
2. Several magistrates are staying from the civic luncheon being given by the
Labour-controlled city magistrates. - Декілька суддів залишаються від
муніципального обіду, який проводять муніципальні судді під контролем
Лейбористської партії.
3. Two new miniature power units have been announced by the Lexor
Electronics. – Лексор Електронікс анонсувала два нових мініатюрних блока
живлення.
4. At Scottish career offices there were, in September, only 287 real jobs for
more than 10,000 school leavers. – У вересні, в Шотландських робочих офісах
було 278 робіт для більш ніж 10.000 випускників зі шкіл.
5. A General Assembly resolution provided for the establishment of a United
Nations Emergency Force Special Account. – Резолюція Генеральної Асамблеї
передбачала створення спеціального рахунку Сил ООН з надзвичайних
ситуацій.
6. The Amalgamated Engineering Union South Essex District Committee is
sending a delegation to meet Members of Parliament with a request for engineers to
flood the lobby when they have finished work. – Районний комітет Об'єднаної
інженерної спілки Південного Ессексу відправляє делегацію на зустріч з
членами парламенту з проханням до інженерів затопити вестибюль, коли
вони закінчать роботу.
5. Transform the following Ukrainian noun word-groups into English
asyndetic substantival clusters:
1.Науково-дослідні інститути академії наук України. – Scientific Research
Institutes of The Ukrainian academy of Sciences. 2. Різдвяні колядування учнів
молодших класів міста Львова. – Christmas carol songs by junior school
students of the city Lviv. 3. Наслідки зимової студентської сесії 2000 року. –
Consequences of the 2000th year’s winter student session. 4. Заочники Київського
інституту бізнесу і технологій. – Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology’s
correspondence students 5. Заліки п'ятикурсників за останню весняно-літню
сесію. – Fifth year students’ credits for the last spring – summer session. 6.
Новорічні та різдвяні свята харківських школярів. – Christmas and New Year
holiday of Kharkiv school students. 7. Київські видавництва художньої
літератури «Веселка» та «Український письменник» - Kyiv art literature
publishments “Veselka” and “Ukrainskiy pysmennyk”.

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