• Liberalism

• Realism
• Classicall realism
• Capitalism
• Collective Rights- Rights provided to groups, communities and others that generalized
the rights to all
• Universalism- human nature is the same to all and it moves past the bounders of
identity and others
• Cultural Relativism – Cultures have different identities as such their concepts of right
and wrong will be very distinct
• Power
o Soft Power
o Hard Power
o Smart Power
o Structural
• NGOs
• Human Rights
o Negative rights – Rights which the government
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights – rights created universally to be applied for all
• Critical Theories
o Communitarianism
o Marxism: the masses are exploited; the working class is exploited by the upper
class that will eventually lead to an international revolution
o Feminisms: a theory that explains the reasons
▪ Equity: the required or the individual opportunities, not providing the
same but rather this is necessary/deserved
▪ Equality: everyone gets the same opportunities
o Environmentalism
o Post colonialism: explanation of after colonization, the countries that became
independent (once colonization takes place), and the effects colonialism had
• Relativism - values are culturally created/accepted, determined by individuals, global
achievement is hard to achieve because it requires unanimous decisions.
• Realism -
o classical
o defensive
o offensive
o structural
• Unilateralism
• Multilateralism
• Case Studies
o Omar Al Bashir
o Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi
o Guantanamo Bay
o El Salvador
o Korea v UN and USA preference
o
• Liberalism
• John Locke
• Interdependence
• Development –
• SDGs
• Interdependence
• Legitimacy
• Sovereignty
• Globalization
• Liberty
• Justice
• Global Level
• National level
• International level
• Modernization theory
• Amartya Sen’s capability theory
• Capitalist view on development
• Linear economy
• Circular economy
• Knowledge economy
• State capitalism
• Neoliberalism
• Dependency theory
• The structural adjustment programs
• Milenium development goals
• Cheables
• Regional level
• Community level
• Local level
• Constructivism – norma build uo on laws, laws are built through culture. Building
towards improvement because we change laws
• SDG
• Sumatra
• North Korea v UN
• Guantanamo Bay
• Korea
• Salvador
• The Arab guy vs the international court of justice
• Sumatra
• Saudi Arabia v Rwanda
•
• Data conflict
• Internal conflict
• Internationalized conflict
• Interest conflict
• Peace
• Negative peace
 • Positive peace
• Peace keeping
• Peace making
• Peace building
• Constructive conflict
• Destructive conflict
• Fake harmony
• Violence
o Sexual
o Physical
• Structural Violence
• Cultural Violance
• Justification of violence
• Just war theory

“The fundamental weakness of development goals (such as sustainable development

goals) is their lack of focus on how goals are achieved. To what extent do you agree with
this statement?

1. The focus of development goals is on how goals are achieved.

2. The extent to which the lack of focus on the process of achieving goals is a
fundamental weakness.
3. The agreement or disagreement with the statement

While challenges exist in Implementing development goals they provide a crucial framework
for global cooperation and action and efforts to address implementation issues are ongoing

Dev goals, lack clear mechanisms for implementation and fall to address underlying systemic
issues leading to limited progress in achieving desired outcomes. SDGs are to broad and lack
specific strategies to implement

There are strengths and weaknesses of development goals there need for continuous
dd888evaluation of these goals