NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 12

MATHEMATICS P1

FEBRUARY/MARCH 2011

MEMORANDUM

MARKS: 150

This memorandum consists of 20 pages.

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Mathematics/P1 2 DBE/Feb.-Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 1
1.1.1 x 2 − x = 12
x 2 − x − 12 = 0 9 standard form
9 factors
( x − 4)( x + 3) = 0 9 answers
x = 4 or x = -3 (3)

OR
x( x − 1) = 12 9 factors
4(3) = 12
(−3)(−4) = 12
By inspection
x = 4 or x = – 3 99 answers
(3)
1.1.2 2 x + 3x − 7 = 0
2

9 substitution into
− 3 ± (3) 2 − 4(2)(−7)
x= correct formula
2( 2)
− 3 ± 65 9 65
=
4
x = 1,27 or x = – 2,77
99 answers
(4)
1.1.3 7 x + 18 x − 9 > 0
2

(7 x − 3)( x + 3) > 0 9 factors

+ 0 − 0 +
3
–3 3 –3 3 9 and − 3
7
7 7

3
x < −3 or x >
7
9 correct intervals
OR (4)
⎛3 ⎞
x ∈ (− ∞ ; − 3) ∪ ⎜ ; ∞ ⎟
⎝7 ⎠
1.2 2x − y = 7
y = 2x − 7 9 y = 2x − 7
9 substitution
Substitute y = 2 x − 7 into x 2 + xy = 21 − y 2
x 2 + x(2 x − 7) = 21 − (2 x − 7) 2 9 multiplication
x + 2 x − 7 x = 21 − 4 x + 28 x − 49
2 2 2

9standard form
7 x 2 − 35 x + 28 = 0
x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0 9 factors
( x − 4)( x − 1) = 0 9 x-answers
x = 4 or x = 1 9 y-answers
y = 1 or y = – 5 (7)
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Mathematics/P1 3 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

OR
7+ y
2x − y = 7 9 x=
2
7+ y
x= 9 substitution
2
7+ y
Substitute x = into x 2 + xy = 21 − y 2 9 multiplication
2
2
⎛7+ y⎞ ⎛7+ y⎞
⎟ +⎜ ⎟ y = 21 − y
2
⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
49 + 14 y + y 2 7 y + y 2
+ = 21 − y 2
4 2
49 + 14 y + y + 2(7 y + y 2 ) = 84 − 4 y 2
2

49 + 14 y + y 2 + 14 y + 2 y 2 = 84 − 4 y 2 9standard form
7 y 2 + 28 y − 35 = 0 9 factors
y + 4y − 5 = 0
2
9 x-answers
( y + 5)( y − 1) = 0 9 y-answers
(7)
y = – 5 or y = 1
x=1 x=4
1.3 ⎛⎜ 5 35 + 3 ⎞⎟⎛⎜ 5 35 − 3 ⎞⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ 9
= 5
( 35 + 3 )( 35 − 3 )
5
( 35 + 3 )( 35 − 3 )
= 5 35 − 3 9 5
35 − 3
= 5 32
=2 9 answer
(3)
[21]

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Mathematics/P1 4 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 2

2.1 39 9 answer
(1)
2.2 3 9 17 27

6 8 10

2 2
Let Tn = an + bn + c
2 9 formula
Then
2a = 2 9a=1
a =1
3a + b = 6
9b=3
3(1) + b = 6
9c=–1
b=3
(4)
a+b+c = 3
1+ 3 + c = 3
c = −1
Tn = n 2 + 3n − 1

OR

2a = 2
a =1 9a=1
c = 3 − 4 = −1 9c=–1
Tn = n 2 + bn − 1
9 formula
3 = (1) 2 + b(1) − 1 (using T1 = 3)
b=3 9b=3
2
Tn = n + 3n − 1 (4)

2.3 n 2 + 3n − 1 > 269 9 n 2 + 3n − 1 > 269

n 2 + 3n − 270 > 0
9 factors
(n + 18)(n − 15) > 0
The first value of n is 16 9 n = 16
The term is 16 2 + 3(16) − 1 = 303 9 answer
(4)
[9]

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Mathematics/P1 5 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 3

3.1 8
S∞ = 8 + + ...
2 1
9r=
1 2
r= and
2
a
s∞ =
1− r 9 substitution
8
=
1
1−
2
8 2
=
2 −1 9 rationalisation
8 2 ( 2 + 1)
=
( 2 −1 )( 2 +1 )
9 simplification
= 8 2 2 +8 2
(4)
= 16 + 8 2

OR

8
S∞ = 8 + + ...
2
1
r= and 1
2 9r=
a 2
s∞ =
1− r
8
=
1 9 substitution
1−
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
8⎜1 + ⎟
= ⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ 9 rationalisation
⎜1 − ⎟⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2⎠ 9 simplification
⎛ 1 ⎞ (4)
8⎜1 + ⎟
= ⎝ 2⎠
1
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
= 16⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
16 2
= 16 +
2
= 16 + 8 2

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Mathematics/P1 6 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

3.2.1 5 + 15 + 45 + … + T20
20 9 9answer
= ∑ 5(3) n −1
n =1
(2)
OR
5 + 15 + 45 + … + T20
19 9 9answer
= 5∑ (3) n

n =0 (2)

OR
5 + 15 + 45 + … + T20 9 9answer
l +19
= 5∑ (3) i −l for any l ∈ Z (2)
i =l

3.2.2 5 + 15 + 45 + ... + T20 9 formula

=
(
5 3 20 − 1 ) 9 substitution

3 −1
= 8 716 961 000 9 answer
(3)
[9]

QUESTION 4

4.1.1 23 9 substitution
S 23 = (5(23) + 9)
2
= 1426 9 answer
(2)
4.1.2 T23 = S 23 − S 22 9 statement
22
= 1426 − (5(22) + 9) 9 S22 = 1309
2
= 1426 − 1309
= 117 9 answer
(3)
4.2 Arithmetic Sequence: 12 ; 12 + d ; 12 + 2d
Geometric Sequence: 12 ; 12r ; 12r2
12 + d = 12r
d = 12r − 12 9 equation

12 + 12r + 12r 2 = 12 + 12 + d + 12 + 2d + 3 9 equation

12r = 12 + 2(12r − 12) + 3
2

12r 2 = 12 + 24r − 24 + 3
12r 2 − 24r + 9 = 0 9 standard form
4r − 8r + 3 = 0
2
9 factors
(2r − 3)(2r − 1) = 0
3 1 9 answers
r= or r =
2 2 (6)
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Mathematics/P1 7 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

OR
The 3rd term of GP = 3 + 3rd term of AP 9 equation
12r 2 = 3 + 12 + 2d 9 equation
12r 2 = 15 + 24r − 24 9 standard form
12r − 24r + 9 = 0
2

4r 2 − 8r + 3 = 0 9 factors
(2r − 3)(2r − 1) = 0 9 answers
3 1 [11]
r= or r =
2 2

QUESTION 5

5.1 x=1 99 answers

y=–2 (2)
5.2 y-intercept:
3
y= − 2 = −5 9 y = -5
0 −1
⎛5 ⎞
x-intercept: ⎜ ; 0 ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
3 9 substitute y = 0
0= −2
x −1
3
2=
x −1
2x − 2 = 3
2x = 5 9 answer
5 (3)
x=
2
5.3 4 y

3 9 asymptotes
9 y–intercept
2
9 shape
1 (3)
x
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-1

-2
(1 ; −2)
-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

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Mathematics/P1 8 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

5.4 −3
− f ( x) = +2
x −1
y ∈ R − {2} OR y ∈ (− ∞ ; 2 ) ∪ (2 ; ∞ ) OR y ∈ R; y ≠ 2 9 answer
(1)
5.5 −3
g ( x) = −2 9 manipulation
x +1
3
= −2
− x −1 9 answer
Reflection of f about the y-axis.

OR (i) horizontal shift 2 units to the left followed by

(ii) reflection in x-axis, followed by (2)
(iii) vertical downward shift of 4 units [11]

QUESTION 6
y

B O 3 C

6.1 x 7 x 7
− =0 − =0
2 2 2 2
x=7
C(7 ; 0) (1)

OR

7 7 9 substitution
y= −
2 2 9 answer
y=0 (2)
C(7 ; 0)

6.2 x- coordinate of B is 9 answer

3 – 4 = −1 (1)

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Mathematics/P1 9 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

6.3 OPTION 1

f ( x) = a( x − 3) + q 9 substitution
2

At B and C: 0 = 16a + q 9 substitution

7 9 substitution
At E: − = 9a + q
2
Solving simultaneously gives 1
1 99 a =
a = and q = −8 2
2 9 q = −8
(6)
OPTION 2

f ( x) = a ( x + 1)( x − 7) 9 substitution
y = a ( x + 1)( x − 7)
− 3,5 = a (0 + 1)(0 − 7) 9 substitution
− 3,5 = −7a
1 1
a= 9 a=
2 2
1 9 substitution
f ( x) = ( x + 1)( x − 7)
2
1
= ( x 2 − 6 x − 7) 9 simplification
2
1
[
= ( x − 3) 2 − 16
2
]
1 9 answer
= ( x − 3) 2 − 8
2 (6)

OPTION 3

1 1
a= 999 a =
2 2
−1 + 7
Axis of symmetry: x = 3 or x = =3
2
1
f ( x) = (x − 3)2 + q 9 substitution
2
1
0 = (7 − 3) + q
2

2 9 substitution
q = −8
1
y = ( x − 3) − 8
2

2 9 answer
(6)

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Mathematics/P1 10 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

OPTION 4
1
a=
2
Axis of symmetry: x=3
1
999 a =
1 2
f ( x ) = ( x − 3) 2 + q
2
q = f (3)
1
q= (3 + 1)(3 − 7)
2 9 substitution
q = −8
1
y= ( x − 3) 2 − 8
2 9 substitution

9 answer
(6)
6.4 h( x ) = − f ( x ) =
−1
(x − 3)2 + 8 9 answer
2 (1)

6.5 1 − f ( x) = −
1
( x − 3) 2 + 9
2 9 method

∴ Maximum value is 9. 9 answer

(2)
OR

Maximum value = 1 – (– 8)
=9

OR
1 9
t ( x) = − x 2 + 3x +
2 2
t ' ( x) = − x + 3 = 0
1 9
Max V at x =3 = − (3) 2 + 3(3) + = 9
2 2

6.6
f ( x 2 − 2) = 0

f ( x) = 0 if x = −1 or x = 7
∴ f ( x 2 − 2) = 0 if x 2 − 2 = −1 or x 2 − 2 = 7 9 substitution
9 simplification
∴ x2 =1 or x 2 = 9
9 answer
∴ x = 1 or x = −1 or x = 3 or x = −3 9 answer
(4)

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Mathematics/P1 11 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

2
(
1 2 2
x − 2−3 −8 = 0 ) 9 substitution
1 2
2
2
(
x −5 = 8 )
(x 2
− 5)
2
= 16
9 simplification
x −5 = 4
2
or x 2 − 5 = −4
x2 = 9 or x2 = 1 9 factors
x = 3 or x = −3 or x = 1 or x = −1 9 answer
(4)
OR
f ( x 2 − 2) = 0
1 2
2
( 2
x −2−3 −8 = 0 ) 9 substitution
1 2
2
2
x −5 =8 ( )
(x − 5) − 16 = 02 2
9 simplification
(x − 5 − 4)(x − 5 + 4) = 0
2 2

(x − 9)(x − 1) = 0
2 2

(x − 3)( x + 3)(x − 1)( x + 1) = 0 9 factors

x = 3 or x = −3 or x = 1 or x = −1
9 answer
(4)
[15]

QUESTION 7

7.1 Decreasing function 9 decreasing

Since 0< a < 1 OR As x increases, f(x) decreases 9a<1
(2)
7.2 ⎛1⎞
y
y ⎛1⎞
y

f −1 : x=⎜ ⎟ OR 9 x=⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝3⎠
y = log 1 x 0
x 9 y = log 1 x or
3 3

y = − log 3 x
OR (2)
y
⎛1⎞
f −1 : x=⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
y = − log 3 x

7.3 y = −5 9 answer
(1)

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Mathematics/P1 12 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

7.4 Reflection about y = x. 9 reflection about y = x

Reflection about the x-axis. 9 reflection about y-axis
(2)
OR

Reflection about the y-axis. 9 reflection about y-axis

Then reflection about the line y = x. 9 reflection about y = x
(2)
OR

Reflection about the line y = -x followed by reflection about the 9 rotation through 90°
y-axis. 9 clockwise direction
(2)
OR

Rotation through 90° in a clockwise direction.

OR

Rotation through 90° in an anti-clockwise direction. 9 answer

Reflection through the origin. 9 answer (2)
[7]

QUESTION 8

8.1 A = P(1 + i ) n
18
⎛ i ⎞ 9 substitution
1711,41 = 1430,77⎜1 + ⎟ 1

⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎡ 1711,41 ⎤ 18
⎢1430,77 ⎥
⎛ i ⎞
18 ⎣ ⎦
⎜1 + ⎟ = 1,196146131... OR = 1,00999... ⎛ i ⎞
18
⎝ 12 ⎠ 9 ⎜1 + ⎟ = 1,196146131...
i ∴ i = 12(1,01 − 1) ⎝ 12 ⎠
1+ = 1,009999937... = 0,12 i
12 9 1 + = 1,009999937...
i = 0,1199992431... = 12% 12
Rate = 12, 00% p.a. compounded monthly.
9 answer
(4)

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Mathematics/P1 13 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

8.2.1
Pv =
[
x 1 − (1 + i ) − n ]
i
⎡ ⎛ 0,14 ⎞ − n ⎤
10000⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥ 9 substitute into Pv
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦
800000 = 0,14
0,14 9 i=
12
12
−n
⎛ 0,14 ⎞ 14
1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ = (= 0,933333)
⎝ 12 ⎠ 15
−n
⎛ 0,14 ⎞ 1
⎜1 + ⎟ = (= 0,06666666)
⎝ 12 ⎠ 15
−n
⎛ 0,14 ⎞ 1 9 using logs
log⎜1 + ⎟ = log
⎝ 12 ⎠ 15
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ log ⎟
⎜− n = 15 ⎟
⎛ 0,14 ⎞ 1 ⎜
− n log⎜1 + ⎟ = log ⎛ 0,14 ⎞ ⎟
⎜ log⎜1 + ⎟
12 ⎠ ⎟⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠ 15
⎜ ⎝
⎜ = −233,47 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
n = 233,47 9 answer
th (4)
∴ the loan will be paid off at the end of the 234 month

OR

Balance outstanding after 233rd month

⎡⎛ 0,14 ⎞ 233 ⎤ 9 substitution into P
10000 ⎢⎜1 + ⎟ − 1⎥ formula
⎛ 0,14 ⎞
233
⎣⎢⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎦⎥
= 800000⎜1 + ⎟ − 9 234
⎝ 12 ⎠ 0,14
12 9 answer
= R4 660,04 which is less than R10 000 9 argument
Therefore the loan will be paid off after 234 months. (4)
OR

Total value of the loan after 234 payments

⎛ ⎛ 0,14 ⎞ −234 ⎞
10000⎜1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎟ 9 substitution into F
= ⎝ ⎠
0,14 formula
12 9 234
= R800 350,21
> R800 000 and the differences is less than R10 000 9 answer
Therefore the loan will be paid off after 234 months. 9 argument
(4)

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Mathematics/P1 14 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

8.2.2 Balance Outstanding after 119 months 119

9 800000⎛⎜1 +
0,14 ⎞
⎟
⎡⎛ 0,14 ⎞119 ⎤ ⎝ 12 ⎠
10000 ⎢⎜1 + ⎟ − 1⎥
⎛ 0,14 ⎞
119
⎢⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎡⎛ 0,14 ⎞119 ⎤
= 800000⎜1 + ⎣ 10000 ⎢⎜1 + ⎟ − 1⎥
⎟ − 12 ⎠
⎝ 12 ⎠ 0,14 ⎢⎣⎝ ⎥⎦
9
12 0,14
= R629 938,11 12
9 R629 938,11

119 120 121 122 123 124 125 234

R629938,11 4
⎛ 0,14 ⎞
We need the 111 payments 9 629938,11⎜1 + ⎟
loan amount ⎝ 12 ⎠
here
9 R659 853,68
Total Payable at the end of the 123rd month
4
⎛ 0,14 ⎞
= 629 938,11⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
= R659 853,68 9 substitution into Pv

New instalment:
9 answer
⎡ ⎛ 0,14 ⎞ −111 ⎤ (7)
x ⎢1 − ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎥ [15]
⎢⎣ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎥⎦
659 853,68 =
0,14
12
x = R10 632,39

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Mathematics/P1 15 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 9

9.1 f ( x + h) − f ( x)
f ' ( x) = lim
h→ 0 h
9 substitution into
1 − 3( x + h) 2 − (1 − 3 x 2 )
= lim formula
h→ 0 h
1 − 3 x − 6 xh − 3h 2 − 1 + 3 x 2
2
9 1 − 3 x 2 − 6 xh − 3h 2
= lim
h→ 0 h
− 6 xh − 3h 2 9 h(−6 x − 3h)
= lim
h→ 0 h
h(−6 x − 3h)
= lim
h→ 0 h
= lim ( −6 x − 3h)
h→ 0
9 answer
= −6 x
(4)
9.2
⎡ 4 1⎤
D x ⎢4 − 3 − 4 ⎥
⎣ x x ⎦
[
= Dx 4 − 4 x − x −4
−3
] 9 simplification
−4 −5
= 12 x + 4x
99 answer
(3)
9.3 (
y = 1+ x )
2

y = 1+ 2 x + x
1
y = 1 + 2x + x 2
9 expansion
1
dy −
=x 2
+1 −
1
dx 9x 2

91
(3)
[10]

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Mathematics/P1 16 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

QUESTION 10

10.1 (−6)(−3)(+2) = 36 9 (−6)(−3)(+2 )

y-intercept is 36 9 y-intercept is 36
(1)
OR

g ( x) = ( x − 6)( x 2 − x − 6)
g ( x ) = x 3 − 7 x 2 + 36
y-intercept : (0;36) 9 trinomial

9 36
(1)

10.2 g ( x) = 0 9 g ( x) = 0
x = 6 or x = 3 or x = – 2 9 all x-intercepts
intercepts are (6 ; 0) and (3 ; 0) and (– 2; 0) (2)

10.3 g ( x) = ( x − 6)( x 2 − x − 6)
= x 3 − 7 x 2 + 36
g ′( x) = 3x 2 − 14 x 9 x 3 − 7 x + 36
0 = x(3 x − 14) 9 g ′( x) = 3 x 2 − 14 x
14 9 g ′( x) = 0
x = 0 or x = 9 answers
3
⎛ 14 400 ⎞
Turning points are (0 ; 36) and ⎜ ; − ⎟ 99 points
⎝3 27 ⎠ (6)

10.4 (0 ; 36)
y 9 x-intercepts
35
99 turning points
30
9 shape
25

20

15 (4)
10

5
x
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-5

-10

-15
⎛ 14 − 400 ⎞
-20 ⎜⎜ ; ⎟⎟
-25
⎝ 3 27) ⎠
-30

-35

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Mathematics/P1 17 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

10.5 g ( x).g ' ( x < 0

14 1 mark for each

x < −2 or 0 < x < 3 or <x<6 inequality
3
(3)
[16]
QUESTION 11 y
N(0;b)

Q P(x ; y)

x
O R M(0;b)

11.1 b b
m=− 9 m=−
a a
y = mx + b
−b 0 = ma + b
y −b = ( x − 0)
a
OR −b OR
x y
+ =1
m= 9 answer
−b a a b (2)
y= x+b
a b
y = − x+b
a
11.2 A = xy 9 area formula
⎛ − bx ⎞ 9 substitution
A = x⎜ + b⎟
⎝ a ⎠
b
= − x 2 + bx
a
dA 2b dA 2b
= − x+b 9 = − x+b
dx a dx a
2b dA
0 = − x+b 9 =0
a dx
− ba = −2bx
a
x= 9 x-value
2
b⎛a⎞
y = − ⎜ ⎟+b
a⎝2⎠
b
= 9 y-value
2
⎛a b⎞
P ⎜ ; ⎟ which is the midpoint of MN
⎝ 2 2⎠ (6)

OR
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Mathematics/P1 18 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

x y
+ =1
a b
y x
= 1−
b a
To maximise xy, we maximise
xy x ⎛ y ⎞ x ⎛ x ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜1 − ⎟
ab a ⎝ b ⎠ a ⎝ a ⎠
x 1 a
This is a maximum when = i.e. x =
a 2 2
By the midpoint theorem, P is then the midpoint of MN.
(6)
[8]

QUESTION 12

12.1 x ≥1 9 x ≥1
y ≤ 12 9 y ≤ 12
x + y ≥ 10 9 x + y ≥ 10
9 x + y ≤ 15
x + y ≤ 15
99 y ≥ 2 x
y ≥ 2x
(6)
x, y ∈ N 0
12.2 15 y
9 x ≥1 ;
14
9 y ≤ 12
13
9 x + y ≤ 15
12 9 x + y ≥ 10
11 9 y ≥ 2x
10 9 9feasible
9
region
(7)
8
(5 ; 8)
7

1
x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

12.3 No. The point (5 ; 8) lies outside the feasible region 9 No

OR 9 Reason
8 is not greater than 2(5) =10 (2)

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Mathematics/P1 19 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

12.4 I = 600x + 900y 9 objective

2 I function
y =− x+
3 900
Maximum Income at(3 ; 12) 9 search line
3 single bedrooms and 12 double bedrooms 9 answer
OR
To optimise profit, the group must build as many rooms as possible and
then, as many double rooms as possible. So 15 rooms, 12 double rooms,
hence 3 single rooms. (3)
[18]

TOTAL: 150

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Mathematics/P1 20 DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011
NSC – Memorandum

15 y

14

13

12

11

10
Double Bedrooms

8
(5 ; 8)
7

1
x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Single Bedrooms

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